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Changes with Aging
Characteristic Change Other
CV
TPR 
↑
 Normal
↑
d/t arteriosclerosisDz
↑
d/t atherosclerosisBlood Vessels
↑
calcificationPseudoHTNPulse can feel “normal” d/t offsetting effects of arteriosclerosis and Ao stenosisRenin-Angiotensin System
↓
-
∴
 
↓
aldosterone
↓
Na
+
retention/excretionCatecholamines
↓
responsiveness
α
receptor response
↔β
receptor response
↓
Reason why max HR 
↓
w/ agePlasma Norepi
↑
, Epi
↔
, Cortisol
↔
Baroreceptors
↓
sensitivityCO
↓
BP
↑
HTN >140/80 commonHeart
↑
weight,
↑
LV thickness,
↑
Dz (vascular, valvular,myocardial)Cardiac Index
↓
RestExerciseEF
↔ ↓
CO
↔ ↔
HR 
↔ ↓
EDV
↔ ↑
Respiration
TLC
↔
VC
↓
(?)
↓
w/FRC
↔
RV
↑
d/t
↓
eleasticityAreterial PO
2
↓
VO
2
Max
↓
Progressivelyd/t
↓
lean m. mass,
↓
max HR, deconditioning
Body Composition
Weight
↑
, then plateau, then
↓
Height
↓
d/t intervertebral disc
∆
’s (dessication, etc)Pathological height loss d/t osteoporosis (usually)Lean Body Mass (fat-free mass)
↓ ∆
in body composition affects pharmacokinetics% Body Fat
↑
Renal
Glomeruli
↓
d/t sclerosis,
↑
Basement membraneFlow
↓ ↓
10%/decadeCreatinine clearance
↓
133-(0.64 x age)Serum Creatinine
↔
Less produced d/t
↓
lean body mass – loss of massoffsets
↓
clearance Na
+
Retention/ExcretionVascular Responsiveness (ACh)
↓
Maximally dilated?Endocrine
↓
Renin-Angiotensin,
↓
Vit.D,
↔
/
↓
EPO, more sensitiveto AVP/ADH (hyperresponseto osmotic stimulus)
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