• Embed Doc
  • Copy Link
  • Readcast
  • Collections
  • 9
    CommentGo Back
 
 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................6 ORIGIN OF PETROLEUM ...............................................................................................7 
Inorganic Theories .........................................................................................................7
Deep seated terrestrial hypothesis ................................................................................7Extraterrestrial hypothesis...........................................................................................7
Problems with inorganic hypotheses............................................................................8Generation of crude oil ................................................................................................13Generation of Natural Gas ..........................................................................................14
CHEMISTRY OF PETROLEUM ....................................................................................15
Introduction: ................................................................................................................15Hydrocarbons ..............................................................................................................15
Paraffin Series ............................................................................................................16Unsaturated Hydrocarbons .........................................................................................18 Naphthene Hydrocarbons ...........................................................................................19Aromatic Hydrocarbons ............................................................................................19
Types of Crude Oils .....................................................................................................20
Paraffin-based Crude Oils ..........................................................................................20Asphaltic Based Crude Oils .......................................................................................20Mixed Base Crude Oils ..............................................................................................21
Natural Gas ..................................................................................................................21
 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY ..............................................................................................22
The Rock Cycle ............................................................................................................22The 3 basic types of rocks............................................................................................25Igneous Rocks ...............................................................................................................25
Texture .......................................................................................................................26Composition ...............................................................................................................26
Sedimentary Rocks ......................................................................................................27
Clastic sedimentary rocks: ........................................................................................28Sandstone ...................................................................................................................28Conglomerate .............................................................................................................28Shale ...........................................................................................................................29Clays ..........................................................................................................................29Bentonite ....................................................................................................................30Chemical sedimentary rocks: ....................................................................................30Organic sedimentary rocks ........................................................................................30
Metamorphic Rocks .....................................................................................................31The Geological Time Scale .........................................................................................31
GEOLOGICAL FEATURES ............................................................................................34 
1
 
Reservoir Rock ............................................................................................................34Traps .............................................................................................................................34
Anticline Trap ............................................................................................................35Fault trap ....................................................................................................................35Thrust Fault ................................................................................................................36Salt Dome Trap .........................................................................................................38Stratigraphic Trap .......................................................................................................38
 PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS .........................................................................................40
Reservoir Properties ...................................................................................................40Permeability ..................................................................................................................40
Darcy’s Equation for linear incompressible fluid flow ..............................................41Porosity and hydraulic conductivity ..........................................................................43
 Sorting and porosity ..........................................................................................................43
Types of porosity ........................................................................................................43Measuring Porosity ....................................................................................................43
Water Saturation ..........................................................................................................44Determining Fluids in Place .......................................................................................45
 PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS ..................................................................46 
Proved Reserves ...........................................................................................................47Unproved Reserves ......................................................................................................48
Probable Reserves ......................................................................................................48Possible Reserves .......................................................................................................49
Reserve Status Categories ...........................................................................................49
Developed Reserves ...................................................................................................49Producing Reserves ....................................................................................................50 Non-producing Reserves ............................................................................................50Undeveloped Reserves ...............................................................................................50
 SURFACE EXPLORATION METHODS .......................................................................51
Field Reconnaissance ...................................................................................................51Aerial surveys ..............................................................................................................51Surface Geochemical Analysis ...................................................................................51
GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION ..................................................................................52
Seismic Surveys ............................................................................................................53
Seismic Section .........................................................................................................532
 
Seismic data acquisition ............................................................................................54Seismic data processing ............................................................................................55
Marine Seismic acquisition .........................................................................................56
Seismic records and the synthetic seismogram ..........................................................57
Gravity Surveys ............................................................................................................62Magnetic Surveys .........................................................................................................63
 STRUCTURE CONTOUR MAPPING ............................................................................65
Rules for Construction ...............................................................................................67Example .....................................................................................................................67
 Subsurface Exploration Methods ....................................................................................69
Rock Cuttings ...............................................................................................................69Reservoir Fluid Samples ..............................................................................................69Mud Logs ......................................................................................................................69Cores ..............................................................................................................................70
Well Logs ...........................................................................................................................71
The Spontaneous Potential (SP) log ...........................................................................71TheResistivity log .........................................................................................................77The "Porosity" logs ......................................................................................................80Drill Stem Testing .........................................................................................................86Appraisal Wells ............................................................................................................86
 Reservoir Development Plan ............................................................................................87 
Development Wells .......................................................................................................87
Producing Wells .........................................................................................................87Injection Wells ...........................................................................................................88Reservoir Pressure Control ........................................................................................88Observation Wells ......................................................................................................89
The Drilling Process .........................................................................................................90
Rigging up .....................................................................................................................91
Blowout prevention ....................................................................................................94
Drilling ..........................................................................................................................94Well Completion ...........................................................................................................96Casing String and Design Factors ..............................................................................96
Conductor Pipe ...........................................................................................................97The Surface String .....................................................................................................98Intermediate String ....................................................................................................98The Production String ................................................................................................98Production Choke .......................................................................................................983
of 00

Leave a Comment

You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...
CharmaineK

Is it possible to have a copy of this document please?

reply06 / 24 / 2010
Yatindra Dutt

plz tell me how can i get a copy of this document??

reply05 / 24 / 2010
Oruj

my email address is orujgeo@yahoo.com pls let me know if i can write to u if any question raised

reply04 / 11 / 2010
Oruj

hello talaatakader- i cant even describe what a great job you are doing with putting these books for those find it hard to get access into resources-- i am so thirsty for studies in earth sciences -i studied geology at university --pls if possible make it possible for us to download these books best regards -Oruj

reply04 / 11 / 2010
johnyleon8

Hi Talaat, salaam Alaykum! please make this document avaialble for download. Best Regards,

reply03 / 15 / 2010
krajeshongc

wnther I can down load this doc? pls rply

reply03 / 13 / 2010
talaatakader

yes,you can download .it is active.

03 / 13 / 2010
Show More
You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...