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COMPANION WEBSITE NUMBER 2 – JUNGIAN THERAPY
Fundamental Tenets
HISTORY
Carl Gustav Jung was born in Kesswil, Switzerland, in 1875, the only child of aSwiss clergyman. Jung's early family life undoubtedly influenced his theory. Onone side was his worldly and outgoing mother, on the other a staid and piousfather. He also had eight uncles, all of whom were clergymen in the SwissReformed church. Certainly, the heavy emphasis placed on religion by his familyinfluenced the spiritual aspects of his theory, although Jung stated that for agreat portion of his youth he was bored by it. Jung was taught to read Latin atan early age by his father; this along with his mother's reading to him aboutexotic religions would seem to account for his early and abiding interest inhistory and his facility with ancient languages (Smith & Vetter, 1991, p. 96).As a young man he was intrigued by spirituality and the occult and was struck bythe repetitious themes, symbols, anecdotes, and occurrences of spiritualisticphenomena that he found in a variety of writings and reported experiences. Theserepetitious themes came from all over the world and throughout recorded history.They were so similar that they defied rational explanation. Jung's experienceswith the supernatural in his own home caused him to attend seances for more thantwo years and culminated in the writing of his doctoral dissertation in 1902.His dissertation “On the Psychology and Pathology of So-Called Occult Phenomena”laid the groundwork for a number of major themes in his later work (Campbell,1971, pp. ix-xiii).After graduation from medical school he became an assistant at the BurgholziMental Hospital and Psychiatric Clinic in Zurich. During this time he workedwith Bleuler and Janet, two giants in the early twentieth-century frontiers ofmental illness. In 1906 he struck up a correspondence with Freud. It appearedhis close working relationship with Freud would make him the heir apparent asthe chief theoretician of psychoanalysis. Indeed, he was the first president ofthe International Psychoanalytic Society. However, like Adler, he becamedisenchanted with Freudian theory. Basic disagreements over emphasis onsexuality and the importance of psychoses as opposed to neuroses and differentviews on the structure of personality culminated in 1913 with Jung's breakingaway from Freud and starting his own analytic school (Nystul, 1993, p. 137). In1913 he gave up his instructorship in psychiatry at the University of Zurich togo into private practice. From 1933 to 1942 he was professor of psychology atthe Federal Polytechnical College in Zurich.Like Freud and Adler, Jung was a prolific writer. His collected works comprisetwenty volumes (Read, Fordham, & Adler, 1953--1978). His writing covers a widerange of topics and illuminates his most famous contributions of the extrovertand the introvert, the four functions of thinking, feeling, sensation, andintuition, and primordial archetypes (Sahakian, 1969, p. 82). Jung's interestswere widely varied, with religion, mythology, literature, philosophy, andarchaeology holding important places in his intellectual life. These interestsare clearly reflected in his travels, writing, research, and practice (Nystul,1993, p. 137). Jung continued to write and conduct research until his deathin 1961 at the age of eighty-five. Jung was much more than a psychologist or apsychiatrist---he was a classical scholar in the truest sense of the word(Rychlak, 1973, p. 132).
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