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SOLAR GEOMETRY
Solar Geometry is the consideration of the angular relationshipbetween the sun, the building and any shading devices andobstructing bodies. Different approaches exist to analyze the directsolar beam:
• Graphical plots;
 
•
Manual trigonometric methods;
• Computer based trigonometric methods;
 
• Scale models examined using a sundial device, and natural
 sunlight or an artificial light source; and
• scale models using a heliodor, a device that mechanically
 reproduces the geometric movement of the sun.
Effect of the tilt of the earth’s axis
on the duration of the dayand night.
 
Since the tilt of the earth’s axis is
fixed, the northernhemisphere faces the sun in June, and the southern hemisphere facesthe sun in December.
Solstices
On June 21 the sun’s rays will be
 
perpendicular to the earth’s
surfacealong the tropic of Cancer. This is the longest day in the northernhemisphere and the shortest in the southern hemisphere. On Dec 21the situation is reversed.
 
Effects of the sun on the climate.
The temperature of the air as well as that of the land is mainlya result of the amount of solar radiation absorbed by the land or thewater, which then heats or cools the air above it.
Winter occurs because:
1. There is a reduced amount of daylight during this time of the year.The amount of daylight is a function of the latitude.2. The sun is lower in the sky and its intensity is spread over a largersurface.
 Altitude and Radiation: effect on climate.
The altitude of the sun affects climate in two ways:1. As the sun is lower in the sky, solar radiation must traversethrough a larger portion of the atmosphere and is weaker when itreaches the earth.2. - A given beam of light will illuminate a larger area as thesunbeam is spread over larger areas.
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