Gorman Book

Sections

1.1 Getting Started
1.2 Managing the Source
1.3 Browsing the Code
1.4 Reading the Code
1.5 Submitting Patches
Describing Physical Memory
2.1 Nodes
2.2 Zones
2.3 Zone Initialization
2.4 Initializing mem map
2.5 Pages
2.6 Mapping Pages to Zones
2.7 High Memory
2.8 What’s New in 2.6
Page Table Management
3.1 Describing the Page Directory
3.2 Describing a Page Table Entry
3.3 Using Page Table Entries
3.4 Translating and Setting Page Table Entries
3.5 Allocating and Freeing Page Tables
3.6 Kernel Page Tables
3.7 Mapping Addresses to a struct page
3.8 Translation Lookaside Buﬀer (TLB)
3.9 Level 1 CPU Cache Management
3.10 What’s New in 2.6
Process Address Space
4.1 Linear Address Space
4.2 Managing the Address Space
4.3 Process Address Space Descriptor
4.4 Memory Regions
4.5 Exception Handling
4.6 Page Faulting
4.7 Copying to/from Userspace
4.8 What’s New in 2.6
Boot Memory Allocator
5.1 Representing the Boot Map
5.2 Initializing the Boot Memory Allocator
5.3 Initializing bootmem data
5.4 Allocating Memory
5.5 Freeing Memory
5.6 Retiring the Boot Memory Allocator
5.7 What’s New in 2.6
Physical Page Allocation
6.1 Managing Free Blocks
6.2 Allocating Pages
6.3 Free Pages
6.4 Get Free Page (GFP) Flags
6.5 Process Flags
6.6 Avoiding Fragmentation
6.7 What’s New in 2.6
Noncontiguous Memory Allocation
7.1 Describing Virtual Memory Areas
7.2 Allocating a Noncontiguous Area
7.3 Freeing a Noncontiguous Area
7.4 What’s New in 2.6
Slab Allocator
8.1 Caches
8.2 Slabs
8.3 Objects
8.4 Sizes Cache
8.5 Per-CPU Object Cache
8.6 Slab Allocator Initialization
8.7 Interfacing With the Buddy Allocator
8.8 What’s New in 2.6
High Memory Management
9.1 Managing the PKMap Address Space
9.2 Mapping High Memory Pages
9.3 Unmapping Pages
9.4 Mapping High Memory Pages Atomically
9.5 Bounce Buﬀers
9.6 Emergency Pools
9.7 What’s New in 2.6
10.1 Page Replacement Policy
10.2 Page Cache
10.3 LRU Lists
10.4 Shrinking All Caches
10.5 Swapping Out Process Pages
10.6 Pageout Daemon (kswapd)
10.7 What’s New in 2.6
11.1 Describing the Swap Area
11.2 Mapping Page Table Entries to Swap Entries
11.3 Allocating a Swap Slot
11.4 Swap Cache
11.5 Reading Pages From Backing Storage
11.6 Writing Pages to Backing Storage
11.7 Reading/Writing Swap Area Blocks
11.8 Activating a Swap Area
11.9 Deactivating a Swap Area
11.10 What’s New in 2.6
12.1 Initializing the Virtual Filesystem
12.2 Using shmem Functions
12.3 Creating Files in tmpfs
12.4 Page Faulting Within a Virtual File
12.5 File Operations in tmpfs
12.6 Inode Operations in tmpfs
12.7 Setting Up Shared Regions
12.8 System V IPC
12.9 What’s New in 2.6
13.1 Checking Available Memory
13.2 Determining OOM Status
13.3 Selecting a Process
13.4 Killing the Selected Process
13.5 Is That It?
13.6 What’s New in 2.6
The Final Word
Introduction
B.1 Initializing Zones
B.1 Initializing Zones 220
B.2 Page Operations
B.2 Page Operations 234
C.1 Page Table Initialization
C.1 Page Table Initialization 240
C.2 Page Table Walking
C.2 Page Table Walking 248
D.1 Process Memory Descriptors
D.1 Process Memory Descriptors 254
D.2 Creating Memory Regions
D.2 Creating Memory Regions 261
D.3 Searching Memory Regions
D.3 Searching Memory Regions 309
D.4 Locking and Unlocking Memory Regions
D.4 Locking and Unlocking Memory Regions 315
D.5 Page Faulting
D.5 Page Faulting 328
D.6 Page-Related Disk I/O
D.6 Page-Related Disk I/O 355
E.1 Initializing the Boot Memory Allocator
E.1 Initializing the Boot Memory Allocator 396
E.2 Allocating Memory
E.2 Allocating Memory 399
E.3 Freeing Memory
E.3 Freeing Memory 409
E.4 Retiring the Boot Memory Allocator
E.4 Retiring the Boot Memory Allocator 411
F.1 Allocating Pages
F.1 Allocating Pages 420
F.2 Allocation Helper Functions
F.2 Allocation Helper Functions 433
F.3 Free Pages
F.4 Free Helper Functions
F.4 Free Helper Functions 440
G.1 Allocating a Noncontiguous Area
G.1 Allocating a Noncontiguous Area 442
G.2 Freeing a Noncontiguous Area
G.2 Freeing a Noncontiguous Area 452
H.1 Cache Manipulation
H.1 Cache Manipulation 459
H.2 Slabs
H.3 Objects
H.4 Sizes Cache
H.5 Per-CPU Object Cache
H.5 Per-CPU Object Cache 504
H.6 Slab Allocator Initialization
H.6 Slab Allocator Initialization 511
H.7 Interfacing with the Buddy Allocator
H.7 Interfacing with the Buddy Allocator 512
I.1 Mapping High Memory Pages
I.1 Mapping High Memory Pages 514
I.2 Mapping High Memory Pages Atomically
I.2 Mapping High Memory Pages Atomically 519
I.3 Unmapping Pages
I.3 Unmapping Pages 521
I.4 Unmapping High Memory Pages Atomically
I.4 Unmapping High Memory Pages Atomically 523
I.5 Bounce Buﬀers
I.5 Bounce Buﬀers 524
I.6 Emergency Pools
I.6 Emergency Pools 532
Page Frame Reclamation
J.1 Page Cache Operations
J.1 Page Cache Operations 537
J.2 LRU List Operations
J.2 LRU List Operations 547
J.3 Reﬁlling inactive list
J.3 Reﬁlling inactive list 552
J.4 Reclaiming Pages From the LRU Lists
J.4 Reclaiming Pages From the LRU Lists 554
J.5 Shrinking All Caches
J.5 Shrinking All Caches 562
J.6 Swapping Out Process Pages
J.6 Swapping Out Process Pages 566
J.7 Page Swap Daemon
J.7 Page Swap Daemon 577
Swap Management
K.1 Scanning for Free Entries
K.1 Scanning for Free Entries 585
K.2 Swap Cache
K.3 Swap Area I/O
K.3 Swap Area I/O 597
K.4 Activating a Swap Area
K.4 Activating a Swap Area 607
K.5 Deactivating a Swap Area
K.5 Deactivating a Swap Area 619
Shared Memory Virtual Filesystem
L.1 Initializing shmfs
L.1 Initializing shmfs 635
L.2 Creating Files in tmpfs
L.2 Creating Files in tmpfs 641
L.3 File Operations in tmpfs
L.3 File Operations in tmpfs 645
L.4 Inode Operations in tmpfs
L.4 Inode Operations in tmpfs 659
L.5 Page Faulting Within a Virtual File
L.5 Page Faulting Within a Virtual File 668
L.6 Swap Space Interaction
L.6 Swap Space Interaction 679
L.7 Setting Up Shared Regions
L.7 Setting up Shared Regions 686
L.8 System V IPC
Out of Memory Management
M.1 Determining Available Memory
M.1 Determining Available Memory 698
M.2 Detecting and Recovering From OOM
M.2 Detecting and Recovering From OOM 700
References
Code Commentary Index
Index
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