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OctOber 2008
|
LINUX FOr YOU
|
www.opnItis.om
78
How To
aTeX is a document preparationsystem. It is used or high-qualitytypesetting and with it, you cancreate beautiul, proessional-looking documents. LaTeX is reeand is distributed under the LPPL (LatexProject Public License), which is slightlydierent rom the GPL.Who uses LaTeX? Well, LaTeX is used bysmall publishing companies and large sotwareorganisations; students and Nobel prize-winning researchers; designers creating artisticposters, as well as authors writing journalpapers. In other words, it is used worldwideby people who care about writing ‘quality’documents.There are major dierences between theword processing we are used to and what’savailable in LaTeX. Unlike the ormattingwe do with the content o the document inWYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) wordprocessors, creating documents in LaTeX ismore like writing computer programs—wewrite LaTeX code and ‘compile’ it (yes, wecompile the code!) and generate the documentin the desired ormat. More technically, LaTeXis more like a ‘mark-up language’, just like XMLor HTML. Unlike WYSIWYG word processorswhere content is mixed with ormatting, inLaTeX, content o the document is separatedrom ormatting or the display mechanism (arough analogy is using
.css
fles or
.html
);
L
Creating Beautiful Documents
Using
LaTeX
If you care about creating polished and stylish documents, and if you have a
sense of aesthetics and like some nesse, try LaTeX!Believe us, you’ll most likely fall in love with it and use it for the rest of your life!
 
www.opnItis.om
|
LINUX FOr YOU
|
OctOber 2008
79
How To
so, we can concentrate on the content o the document andleave the specifc ormatting details to the sotware. At frst, I was totally surprised that we needed to writecode (like we do in programming) to create documents,and LaTeX can be slightly intimidating in the beginning.It is similar to the experience I had with the vi editor: Iwas used to programming with interactive editing and atfrst I was surprised that there were two dierent modesthat I had to work with. Once I got used to vi (or vim) orprogramming, I didn’t like anything else, though it tooktime to learn the commands and get used to it. Similarly, Iound it surprising that I should write code or LaTeX, butthen ater using it or some time, I’ve got used to it andnow I only enjoy writing in it.
Why LaTeX?
The answer is simple: i you want to write documentsthat just look great then the best option is to use LaTeX.Sometime, you’ll be orced to learn LaTeX. I, or instance, you’re doing your M. Tech or PhD and you want to writea paper or thesis, more likely than not, you’ll be orced tocreate your document in LaTeX. For some niche domains likemathematics, physics or chemistry where lots o symbols,complex equations, tables and cross-reerences are involved,there is rarely any choice but to use LaTeX. Although mostlyused in academic circles and in commercial publishing, don’tunderestimate the popularity and wide use o LaTeX—evennovels and short stories are occasionally written using LaTeX!Those who don’t care much about writing good-lookingdocuments—I call them ‘impatient’ writers—and those notrom computer science or academic background, preer usinginteractive word processors. Novices/beginners who don’twant to write LaTeX code can use interactive documentprocessors that create LaTeX output such as LyX. Butremember: i you want to make the best out o LaTeX, writingcode is the best way to go.It’s best to show the dierence visually. Just check outFigures 1 and 2: the document is written in MS Word in theormer, while the other is generated with LaTeX. Thosewho don’t know anything about typesetting can also fndminute dierences between two documents: the spacingbetween the words, how italics look, how the superscript andsubscript symbols look, how the deault settings look (thesetwo documents were written with deault settings on—andno, in MS Word, the bold ace was not enabled or the text,but it looks dark; so to dierentiate the title, I’ve used boldthere). To avoid bias, I’ve used the same onts—or MS Word,I used the deault Times New Roman ont; or LaTeX I’veused the
 pslatex
package that replaces the deault computermodern onts with PostScript onts.
LaTeX advantages
The frst and oremost is the
quality of output
. In myexperience, LaTeX produces the best quality output and Iwould recommend you experience it yoursel. Avoid rustrations in creating large documents. Anyonewith experience in using sotware like MS Word or largedocuments such as a book will understand how rustratingit is to work with a word-processor or a long time to getormatting, indexing, cross-reerencing, etc, correct andconsistent. LaTeX is very convenient to use in medium- tolarge-size documents that are complex. In my experience, orshort documents such as memos or letters that we want toget done with quickly, it is not much use.The next point is
availability
. LaTeX code is portable: you can create a LaTeX document and use in any platorm.It is available rom AmigaOS, Mac OSX, Linux and Windows.This advantage is not available in many proprietary ormatssuch as the
.doc
ormat. Lots o ree and open sourcesotware is available. Since it is used widely, supporting tools,documentation and help is available.Next in line is the
choice of output formats
. LaTeX isalso useul or creating a wide range o document outputormats. It is enough to write a LaTeX document (a textfle) and, with that, we can create the document in almostany ormat that we usually use, including
.ps
,
.doc
,
.html
and
.pdf 
ormats. So we can just keep the text fle andgenerate the desired output ormat in the given platorm,
Figure 1: Default text rendering in MS Word
Short History of L
A
TEX
September 8, 2008
For those who keep wondering what TEX or L
A
TEX is and why it wasdeveloped, here is a short history.
Donald E Knuth
, when he was working on his monumental book
The Art of Programming 
was not happy with the type-setting for his book. So hecreated a type-setting system that would let him concentrate on the contentof the book rather than getting the type-setting software distracting andgetting him worried about formatting the output. For example, instead of doing formatting for a quotation every time with center aligned and extraborder from the page, with different font, italicized, surrounded with doublequote etc., he wanted just to say - this is a quote - and wanted the typesettingsystem to take care of formatting it accordingly. He designed TEX to do that.However, TEX was still low level and difficult for beginners to use. So,
LeslieLamport
created a set of high level TEXmacros and made the common tasks- such as creating table of contents - easier. Now-a-days, most of the peopleuse L
A
TEX instead TEX.
Figure 2: Default text rendering in document generated using LaTeX
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