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Urdu DictionaryFrom prabhu@corvus.arc.nasa.gov Fri May 22 15:47:41 1992------------------------------------------------------------------------------##############################################################################Alphabet--------Vowel Pronunciation Key-----------------------a : "u" in "but"aa : "a" in "far"e : "e" in "bed"i : "i" in "fit"ee : "ee" in "feet"o : "o" in "code"u : "u" in "put"oo : "oo" in "booed"au : "ow" in "how"ai : "ei" in "neighbor"Notes: 1. ' indicates a glottal stop (pronounced like "uh") in very careful----- speech. Normally, however, it is not pronounced at the beginningof a word and in other positions it represents 'aa'.2. The combination 'ah' at the end of a word is pronounced like 'aa'or 'e'. For example: 'jagah' could be 'jagaa' or 'jage', i.e., theh is silent.3. The combination 'ah' or 'aH' in the middle of a word is pronouncedlike 'e'.4. n. (n period) indicates nasalization.5. a - is used to distinguish between sh and s+h, kh and k+h, etc.Letter Transcription Remarks------ ------------- -------'alif : a Could also stand for an unspecified initial vowelbe : bpe : p Does not occur in Arabicte : t Used in native wordsTe : T Does not occur in Arabic and Persianse : s Used in loan wordsjeem : jche : ch Does not occur in ArabicbaRi he : H Used in loan wordskhe : khdaal : dDaal : D Does not occur in Arabic and Persianzaal : z Used in loan wordsre : rRe : R Does not occur in Arabic and Persianze : z Used in native wordszhe : zh Does not occur in Arabicseen : ssheen : shsaad : s Used in loan wordszaad : z Used in loan wordsto-e : t Used in loan words

zo-e : z Used in loan wordsain : ' Could also stand for an unspecified initial vowelghain : ghfe : fqaaf : qkaaf : kgaaf : g Does not occur in Arabiclaam : lmeem : mnoon : nvaa-o : w Stands for oo/o/au at the end of a word. In themiddle it could stand for w/oo/o/auchhoTi he: h Used in native wordschhoTi ye: y Stand for ee/e/ai at the end of a word. In themiddle it could stand for y/ee/e/aibaRi ye : y Occurs only at the end of a word and stands fore or ai################################################################################Abbreviations-------------Grammatical Word Origin----------- -----------n.f. : noun feminine P : Persiann.m. : noun masculine A : Arabicpron. : pronoun T : Turkishadj. : adjective H : Hindiv. : verb S : Sanskritadv. : adverb G : Greekconj. : conjunctionintj. : interjectionprep. : prepositionsuff. : suffixpref. : prefixfig. : figurativeplu. : plurallit. : literalpoet. : poetic################################################################################Vocabulary----------'alif (long)------------aab: P n.m. wateraab: P n.f. splendor/elegance/polish/brightness/temper(steel)/lustre(gems)/sharpness(sword)aab-e-aa'inah: n.f. polish of a mirroraab-e-talkh: n.m. bitter water/tears/wineaab-e-chashm: n.m. tearsaabaad: P adj. populated/inhabited/peopled/prosperous/happyaabru: P n.f. honor/fame/good name/dignityaap: H pron. self/selves/respectful term of addressaatish: P n.f. fire

aatmaa: S n.f. soul/spirit/mindaasim: A n.m. sinner/culpritaakhir: A adj. last/finalaadaab: A n.m. manners (plu. of adab)aadmi: P n.m. man (lit. offspring of Adam)aadmiyyat: A n.f. humanity/human nature/civilityaaraa: P adj. embellishing/adorningaaraam: P n.m. rest/repose/respite/relief/ease/comfortaara'ish P n.f. decoration/adornment/beautyaarzoo: P n.f. yearning/desire/wish/longingaaz: P n.f. ardent desire/lust/covetousnessaazaad: P n.f. free/unrestrainedaazardah: P adj. annoyed/dejected/uneasy/gloomy/sadaazmaa'ish: P n.f. trial/experiment/testing/provingaas: H n.f. longing/desire/hope/faith/shelter/refugeaasaan: P adj. light/facile/easyaasraa: H n.m. means of subsistence/protection/shelteraasmaan: P n.m. heaven/skyaasmaani: P adj. heavenly/celestial/azureaasoodah: P adj. opulent/rich/satisfiedaashaa: S n.f. desire/hope/longingaashuftah: P adj. perplexed/careworn/distracted/confusedaashnaa: P n.m. aquaintance/friend/loveraashiyaan.: P n.m. nest/houseaakhaaz: P n.m. commencement/outset/beginningaaghosh: P n.f/m. embrace/lap/bosomaafaat: A n.f. evils/disasters/misfortunes (plu. of aafat)aaftaab: P n.m. sunaag: H n.f. flame/fire (fig. anger/passion/love/lust)aalaap: H n.f. conversation/preparatory tuningaan.ch: H n.f. flame/warmth/fervor/loss/griefaan.chal: H n.m. corner of the 'dopaTTa' worn by womenaan.dhee: H n.f. dust-storm/hurricaneaan.soo: H n.m. tearsaawaarah: P adj. without homeaawaarah: P n.m. wanderer/vagrant/destituteaawaaz: P n.f. noise/sound/cry/shoutaawaazah: P n.m. rumor/fame/report/reputationaah: P n.f. sighaahistah: P adv. softly/leisurely/slowlyaa'inah: P n.m. mirroraayandah: P adj. hereafter/in the future################################################################################'alif (short)-------------ab: H adv. now/presentlyubaal: H n.m. boiling/rage/angeribtidaa': A n.f. commencement/beginningabtar: P adj. ruined/scattered/worthlessibtisaam: A n.m. smile/cheerfulnessibtilaa: A n.m. trial/misfortune/sufferingabad: A n.f. eternityabr: P n.m. cloudabroo: P n.m. eyebrowabsaar: A n.m. eyes (plu. of basr)ibn: A n.m. son