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ﺎﮭﭘ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﻲﺗ پور لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا دازآﭼ ۽ﻮﻳ
 
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ﻮﺘﮭﺳ بﺎﻫﻮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﺮﺌﻴﻨﺠﻧا
 
نﻮﻴﮢﻮﭼ ۽ ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﻲﺗ پور لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا دازآ
 ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ
”
،،لﻮﺣﺎﻣ ۽ ﻚﻠﻣ ﻲﺠﻨﮭﻨﭘ هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﻲﻌﻳرذ ﻦﺟ .ﻦﻫآ رﺎﮭﻇا ﺐﻴﺠﻋ ﺎﺟ ﺖﻓاﺮﻇ ۽ ﭗﻫاڏ ﻲﺟ تاذ نﺎﺴﻧاﺎﭩﺳ ﻲﻈﻔﻟ ،ﺖﻌﺳو ﻲﺟ ﻲﻟﻮﭔ ۽ نڙﻻ يﺮﻄﻓ ۽ ﻲﺟﺎﻤﺳ ﻲﺠﻨﮭﻨﭘﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﻛاﺰﻧ يﻮﻨﻌﻣ ۽،راوﺮﻧ ﺎﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺎﺟ ﻦﻳﺪﺻ .ﻦﻫآ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﻞﻴﮑﻟ ڻا ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻲﻧﺎﺑز ﻲﺟ ﻦﻣﻮﻗ ﻲﻫا .ﻦﻫآ ﻲﮢﺎﮭﻛ ﻢﺗآ ﻲﺟ تﻮﻴﺟ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ۾ ﻲﻟﻮﭔ ،ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ .ﻮﭤ يﺮﻛﺮﻨﻫ ۽ ﺖﻓﺮﺣ ،لاوز ۽ لﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺮﺳوا ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺴﻔﻧ ،ﻲﺘﻓﺎﻘﺛ ،ﻲﺑدا ،ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﻲﺟﺎﻤﺳ ﻲﭽﺳ ﻲﺟ مﻮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻬﻨﻛ،ﻻ ڻﺮﻛ مﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺎﻳور ۽ ﺎﭝﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ،ﮓﻧڍ ۽ ﮓﻧر ﻲﺴﻠﺠﻣ ،جاور ۽ ﻢﺳر ،ﺖﺣار ۽ ﺞﻧر،بدا ڪﻮﻟ ﻲﺟ مﻮﻗ ناﻒﻨﺻ ﻢﻫا ﻲﺟ بدا ڪﻮﻟ .ﻮﭤ ﻲﺋڏ دﺪﻣ يڏو سﺎﻴﭜا ﻲﺴﻨﺋﺎﺳ ﻮﺟ،ﺎﻴﮭﻣ داﻮﻣ ﻮﻜﻴﺟ ﻻ سﺎﻴﭜا يﮍﻫا يرو ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘدﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﻻ ڻﺮﻛ مﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ ﻮﺟ ﻮﭤ يﺮﻛ ﺶﻴﭘ نﺎﺳ ﻲﺋﺎﭩﭼ ﻪﺗ يﮍﻫا نﻮﻴﺋﺎﭽﺳ نﻮﺟ يﺮﺷﺎﻌﻣ ﻮﻫا ،ﺎﭤ ﻦﻛ.ﻮﭤ يﻮﭘ ﻲﻠﻣ
“
P0F
1
P
 ڊاﻪﺗ ﻮﭤ ﻲﮑﻟ ﮅﻨﻫ ﻲﺌﭔ ،ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻮﻴﻬﮕﭔ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﭩﻛ؛رﺎﻬﮕﺳ ۽ ﻲﭩﭼ ﺮﮕﻧاو ﺞﺳ ﻦﺷور ﻪﻬﻟﺎﮘ ﺎﻫا”يﻪﺗ ﻲﻫآ  ﻢﻛ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ورﻮﻤﺳ ﻮﻫا،ڙﺪﻨﻴﭤ ۽ ﺮﺳوا ﻲﺟﺎﻤﺳ ،هوﻼﻋ نﺎﮐ يراڌاو ۾ ﻲﻧاﺰﺧ ﻲﺟ بدا ڪﻮﻟ ﻲﺟ نا ۽ ﻲﻟﻮﭔ.ﺎﺌﻫ ﻞﻳﺮﺳا ۾ جﺎﻤﺳ صﺎﺧ ﻚﻫ ،ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﻞﻴﻛ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺎﺟ ڳا .ﻮﭤ ﻲﻬﮕﺳ ﻲﭤ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ رﺎﮔدﺪﻣ وڏو ۾ ﮡﻬﺠﻤﺳ ﻲﮐ ﻦﻴﻠﻳﺪﺒﺗمﻮﮭﻔﻣ ۽ ﻲﮢﺎﻬﺠﻤﺳ ﻞﺻا ﻲﺠﻨﮭﻨﭘ ،ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﺎﺟ ڳا ﻲﺋاﺮﺘﻴﻛ ﻪﺗ ﻲﻫآ ﻪﻧ ﺮﺴﻴﻣ جﺎﻤﺳ ﻮﻴﮘﺎﺳ ﻮﻫا ﻲﮐ ﻲﻟﻮﭔ ﻦﻫﮇﺟ ڄا،جﺎﻤﺳ ڙﺪﻨﻴﭤ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻦﻴﺌﻧ ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﺎﮢاﺮﭘ ۽ ﻦﻫآ ﺎﻴﻫر يﺮﺳا ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ ناﻮﻧ ۾ جﺎﻤﺳ ﻦﻴﺌﻧ نارﺪﺑ ﻲﺟ نا .ﻦﻫآ ﺎﭡﻳو ﻲﺋﺎﭸو
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.ﻦﻫآ ﺎﻴﻫر ﻲﭤ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﺟﺮﻬﮔ ﻲﺟ
P1F
2
 :ﺎﺌﻫ اﺪﻧﻮﻫ ﺎﺟ ﻲﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﺌﭡﻴﻫ ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﺖﻗو نا ﻪﺗ ﻲﺌﻫ يﺪﻨﻳو ﻲﺌﻛ ﻲﺗ نرﻮﻧﺎﺟ يراﻮﺳ ۾ ڳا ؛رﻮﻃ لﺎﺜﻣ
 
ﻲﺟ ﺮﻧ ﻪﺑ يرﺎﻳ ،ﻲﺟ ﺮﻧ ﻪﺑ يراﻮﺳ.
(
ﻲﮢﻮﭼ ،ﻲﺘﻫﺎﺳ
)
 ﻪﺗ ﻲﻫﮍﭼ ﻲﺗ ﻲﺋﺎﭽﺳ ﺖﺟ،ﮍﮐ ھيرﺎﻴﭘ ﺮﻴﮐ ﻲﺗ.
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ،ﻲﺘﻫﺎﺳ
)
 ﺖﻨﻌﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮐ ﻲﻫﻻ ﻪﺗ ﺖﻨﻌﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮐ ﻲﻫڙﺎﭼ ﻲﺟ ٺا.
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ يﺮﭤ
)
 ﻮﮢﺎﻣ ﻲﮐ بﻮﺒﺤﻣ ،ﻮﮢﺎﻧ ﻲﮐ دﺮﻣ ،ﻮﮢاد ﻲﮐ يڙﻮﻬﮔ ،ﻮﮢﻻ ﻲﮐ ٺا..هﺮﻴﻏو
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ،ﮅﻨﺳ
)
 :ﻦﻫآ ﺎﻳآ ۾ دﻮﺟو ﺖﻳر ﻦﻫ ﻪﻬﺠﻛ ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﻦﻫﮇﺗ ،ﻦﻫآ نﻮﻴﭤ دﺎﺠﻳا نوﺮﭨﻮﻣ ۽ نﻮﻠﻳر ﻻ يراﻮﺳ ﻦﻫﮇﺟ ﻲﮢﺎﻫ
 
(
ﻲﮢﻮﭼ ،ﻲﺘﻫﺎﺳ
)
؟ﺎﮀ ﻲﺌﭤا ﻲﺋو ﻲﭩﮀ يڏﺎﮔ 
 
ﻲﻫآ ﻮﭡﻳو ﻦﻴﺋان
(
ﺲﻴﺟرو ،ﻲﺘﻫﺎﺳ
)
!ﻲﺗ ﮡﺸﻴﭨ ﻲﻫاﻮﻴﺑ ﻦﺌﻴﺟ ،
 
رﻮﻴﺋارڊﻪﺗ
(
ﻲﮢﻮﭼ ،ﻲﺘﻫﺎﺳ
)
؟ﻦﺌﻴﻛ رﻮﻴﺋارڊ ﻪﺗ ﻪﻧ ، ُر َوﻲﺟ ﻲﺘﻴﭘ يڌﺎﮐ ﻪﺗ ﻪﻬﻟﺎﮘ ،ﻲﺟ ﻲﺘﻴﭼ ﻪﺗ لﺎﭼ ،ﻲﺟ ﻲﭥﻴﭰ ﻪﺗ يراﻮﺳ.
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ﻲﮢﻮﭼ ﮅﻨﺳ
)
 آ ﻞﻴﺟ لﺮﭩﻨﻴﺳ نﺎﻴﮘا ﻪﺗ ﻮﭽﺑ نﺎﮐ ﻞﻴﺟ ،آ ﻞﻴﮐ ﺐﻴﺠﻋ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﻲﺟ رﻮﻴﺋارڊ.
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ﻲﮢﻮﭼ ،ودرا
)
 آ ﺮﮑﺳ مﺎﺷ ﻪﺗ ﻲﭼاﺮﻛ ﺢﺒﺻ ،آ ﺮﻜﭼ ﺐﻴﺠﻋ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﻲﺟ رﻮﻴﺋارڊ.
(
ﻲﮢﻮﭼ ،ودرا
)
 اﮍﻜﮀ مﺎﻧ ﺎﻛ يﮍﮐ ،يڙﺎﮔ مﺎﻧ ﺎﻛ ﻲﺘﻠﭼ..هﺮﻴﻏو
(
ﻲﮢﻮﭼ ،ودرا
)
 لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا
-
دازآ ﻲﻫا ﻲﻨﻌﻳ .ﻲﭤ ﻲﻫر يﺪﻨﻴﭤ رﺎﭰﺮﻴﭰ /ﻢﻴﻣﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ۾ ﻦﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﻞﻳﮍﺟ ﻪﺗ ﻦﻫﮇﻛ ،هوﻼﻋ نﺎﮐ نا(Free
expression)
ﻲﻫآ ڻﻮﭼ ﻮﺟ يﮍﺑا بﺎﺘﻓآ ﻪﺗ ﻦﻫﮇﺟ .ﺎﭤ ﻦﻫر اﺪﻧﺮﭰ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻲﺟ” :
1988
ﺮﭩﻛاڊ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﺳ مﺮﺘﺤﻣ يراڌ عﺐﻧينارﺎﭘ ڊرﻮﺑ ﻲﺑدا يﮅﻨﺳ ﻪﺗ ﻲﻧڏ ٺﻮﻛ ﻲﮐ نﻮﻣ ،ﻲﮑﻟ ﻂﺧ ﻚﻫ چﻮﻠﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ
“
ﺎﭤر بدا ڪﻮﻟ
”
ﻮﺟنﻮﮭﻴﻟﺎﺘﻴﺋﺎﭔﺎﻳ
1
 ص ،ﺦﻴﺷ فﺎﻄﻟا ،ﻒﻨﺼﻣ
(
نﻮﻴﮢﻮﭼ ۽ ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ
)
نﺎﺳ ٽﻮﮭﮔ ﻲﮬآ ﻲﭠر ،ڳﺎﮭﻣ ،ﻮﻴﮭﮕﭔ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ۳۳يروﺮﺒﻴﻓ ،ﮅﻨﺳ دﺎﺑآرﺪﻴﺣ ﻦﺸﻴﻜﻴﻠﺒﭘ سﮉﻠﻴﻓ ﻮﻴﻧ ،۱۹۹۶.ع
2
 ص ﺎ  ًﻀﻳا۳۵.
 
ﺎﮭﭘ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﻲﺗ پور لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا دازآﭼ ۽ﻮﻳ
 
2
،نﻮﮭﻴﻟﺎﺘﻴﺌﻴﭨ بﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﺑﺎﺑ ﻦﻛﺎﻬﭘﻮﺟﻲﭩﻴﭜ ﻲﮐ ﻦﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ هﺪﺷ ﻊﻳﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮘا ،،نﺎﻴﻛ رﺎﻴﺗ ﻦﺘﻣ يرﺎﻴﻌﻣ.ﻻ نا نﻮﺋﺎﻴﻛ رﺎﻴﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻮﻛﺎﺧ ﻚﻫ يﺮﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺮﮭﻣ ڻﺎﭘ.ﺊﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻔﺘﻛا ﻲﺗ ﻦﮭﻨﺟﻲﺴﻳن.نﻮﺟ هﺮﻴﻏو ﻲﺿوﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻫﮇﺟ ﻮﭘ ﺮﭘ ﻲﭥﻛ ﻲﺋﻻا ﻢﻛ ﻮﻫا ﻲﻫﺎﻧ ﺮﺒﺧ .ﻦﻴﺳﺎﻳو ﻲﭤ شﻮﻣﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺳا .ﺎﻳو يﺮﻛ يﮍﭠﺎﻣ ﻦﺟ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﺳ ﻪﺗ نﻮﻴﺘﻜﻧ نﻮﻴﮭﻟﺎﮘ 
“
.ﻮﺘﮭﭘ
P2F
3
 لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا جوﺮﻣ ﻲﻫا ﻮﺟ ﻮﮀ ،ﻲﺌﭤ رﺎﻴﺗ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻮﺟ ﻦﻛﺎﮭﭘ
(Formular
 
usage)
ﺮﭩﻛاڊ لﺎﻴﺧ وﮍﻫا .ﻦﻫآ ﻞﻴﮭﭠ ﺖﺤﺗ.ﻲﻫآ ﻮﻴﻛ ﺶﻴﭘ حﺮﻃ ﻦﻴﭡﻴﻫ ﻪﺑ رﮅﻴﻟﺮﻣ،يﮉﻧﻮﭼ ﻆﻔﻟ ﻞﺑﺮﻬﮔ ﻮﻫ ﻦﻫﮇﺗ ﻮﭤ يﺮﻛ رﺎﮭﻇا ﻮﺟ نرﺎﭽﻳو ۽ تﺎﺑﺬﺟ ﻲﺠﻨﮭﻨﭘ ﻦﻫﮇﺟ ﻲﻌﻳرذ ﻲﻟﻮﭔ نﺎﺴﻧا
”
ﻲﻟﻮﭔ ﻪﺗ ﻲﻫآ يﺪﻨﺑﺎﭘ ﺎﻫا ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺗ ﻦﻫ .ﻮﭤ ﻲﻬﮕﺳ ﻲﮢآ ﺐﺘﻛ ﻲﮐ ﻦﮭﻧا ۾ ﻦﻧﻮﻤﻧ اﺪﺟ اﺪﺟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺿﺮﻣ ﻲﺠﻨﮭﻨﭘﻮﻫ ﻪﺗ ﻲﺟﺮﻬﮔ بﺎﺘﻛ ﻮﻛ ﻲﮐ ﻦﮭﻨﻛ ﻦﻫﮇﻜﻴﺟ ،رﻮﻃ لﺎﺜﻣ .يﺮﻛ ﻪﻧ يﮍﻜﭹﭜ ﻲﺟ ﻲﺘﺷﺮﺳ
(
ﺮﻣاﺮﮔ 
)
ﻲﮢﺮﻛﺎﻳو ﻲﺟ:ﻮﭤ يﺮﻛ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺶﻫاﻮﺧ ﻲﺠﻨﮭﻨﭘ ﻲﻌﻳرذ ﻦﻠﻤﺟ ﮗﻟا ﮗﻟا
 
.ﻲﭙﮐ بﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻫ ﻲﮐ نﻮﻣ
 
.ﻢﻴﺟﺮﻬﮔ بﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻫ
 
.ﻢﭤا تروﺮﺿ ﻲﮣﻬﮔ ﻲﺟ بﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻫ
 
.سﺪﻨﻛ ﺪﻳﺮﺧ بﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻫ نﺎﻣ
 
هﺮﻴﻏو .ﻲﻫآ ﻮﮢﺮﻛ ﭣﻫ بﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻫ ﻲﮐ نﻮﻣﻲﺋو ﻲﺌﻛ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺶﻫاﻮﺧ ﺎﻜﻴﺟ ﻲﻌﻳرذ ﻦﮭﻧا ﺮﭘ .ﻲﻫآ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺑ نﺎﮐ ﻲﺌﭔ ﻚﻫ ﻲﻫﺎﭼ ﻚﮭﻴﺑ ﻲﺟ ﻦﻠﻤﺟ ﻦﻴﭥﻣلﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا دازآ ﻲﮐ ﻦﻠﻤﺟ نﮍﻫا ﻲﺟ ﻲﻟﻮﭔ .ﻲﻫآ يﮍﮭﺠﻜﻫ رﺪﻗ ﻲﮣﻬﮔ ﺎﻫا ،ﻲﻫآ (Free expression).ﻮﭤ ﻲﺠﺌﭼ ﻼﻤﺟﺖﻗو ﮡﮢآ ﺐﺘﻛ ﻲﺟ ﻦﮭﻧا ﻪﺗ ڻﺎﻛﺎﮀ،ﮉﻧﻮﭼ ﻲﺟ ﻦﻈﻔﻟ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺿﺮﻣ ﻲﺠﻨﮭﻨﭘ ﻮﻫ ﻪﺗ ﻲﻫآ رﺎﻴﺘﺧا ﻲﮐ ڙﺪﻨﻴﺋﺎﮭﻟﺎﮘ .ﻮﭤ ﻲﻬﮕﺳ ﻲﮢآ ﺐﺘﻛ ۾ ﻦﻠﻤﺟ نراو ﻚﮭﻴﺑ اﺪﺟ اﺪﺟ ﻲﮐ ﻦﮭﻧا ،يﺮﻛﻚﮭﻴﺑ ﻲﺟ ﻦﺟ ،ﻦﻫآ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺎﺟ ﻢﺴﻗ يﮍﻫا ﻲﺋاﺮﺘﻴﻛ ۾ ﻲﻟﻮﭔ ،۾ ﭧﻴﭜ ﻲﺟ ﻦﻠﻤﺟ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا دازآ نﮍﻫاﻞﻜﻠﺑ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﻲﻫا ﻻ ڻﺮﻛ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻲﺟ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻞﺑﺮﻬﮔ ﻦﮭﻨﻛ ﻮﮭﮢﺎﻣ ﻮﻛﺮﻫ ﻮﺟ ﻲﻟﻮﭔ نا .ﻲﻫآ ﻲﺌﻳو ﻲﭤ رﺮﻘﻣلﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا جوﺮﻣ ﻲﮐ ﻦﻟﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا نﮍﻫا .ﻲﮢآ ﺐﺘﻛ ﻮﻴﭘ ﻲﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﺌﮘﺎﺳ(Formular Usage):ﻮﺳڏ لﺎﺜﻣ ﻪﻬﺠﻛ ،ﻮﭤ ﻲﺠﺌﭼيﮃﻛ نﻮﻜﻳو نﺎﻣ ﻦﻴﭔ ﻮﻴﭘ ﻪﺸﻴﻤﻫ ﻮﻫ..ﻲﻫآ ﻮﻴﭘ ﻮﻳﺮﭜ نﺎﺳ ﻦﺒﻴﻋ ڻﺎﭘ ﻚﻳڌو نﺎﮐ ﻦﻴﭔ ﻪﺗ ﻲﺳڏ ﻮﭤ ﻪﻧﻮﻛ ﻮﻫا
“
!يرﺎﻛ ﭿﭘ يڙ ﻞﻫ ﻪﺗ يﻮﭼ ﻲﮐ نﻮﺌﮘ ،ﻪﻧﺎﻛ ﻲﺳڏ ﻦﮭﻧرﺎﻛ ﻲﺠﻨﮭﻨﭘ ﻦﮭﻨﻴﻣ
”
 
؟ﻦﻳﺮﻛ ﻮﭤ ﻮﮀ ﺮﻳد ﻮﭘ ﻪﺗ ﻲﺌﭤا ﻮﻴﻛ رﺎﭽﻳو ﻮﺟ ڻﺮﻛ دﺪﻣ ﻲﺟ ﻦﻠﻳﺎﺘﺳ ۾ ڏﻮﭔ.
“
ﭷﭘ ﺎﮭﻣ ،ناد تﺮﺗ
”
 
۾ ﻲﻟﻮﭔ ﻲﻫا .ﻲﻫآ ﻲﻜﭼ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻲﻟاﺮﻧ ۾ ﻲﻟﻮﭔ ﻲﮐ ﻦﻠﻤﺟ ﻞﻴﭤ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ۾ ﻦﻴﮕﻧڏ ،۾ ﻦﻟﺎﺜﻣ ﻦﻴﭥﻣڻﺮﻛ ﻲﻠﻳﺪﺒﺗ ۾ ﻚﮭﻴﺑ ﻲﻧورﺪﻧا ﻲﺟ ﻦﮭﻧا .ﻲﮢآ ﺐﺘﻛ ﻮﻴﭘ ﻲﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﺌﮘﺎﺳ ﻮﮭﮢﺎﻣ ﻮﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻲﻜﻴﺟ ،ﻦﻫآ ﻻﻮﻣرﺎﻓ اﮍﻫاﻞﺑﺮﻬﮔ ﻮﺟ ﻦﻟﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﻪﺗ وﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻠﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻪﺑﺎﻛ ۾ ﻦﻈﻔﻟ ﻲﺟ ﻦﮭﻧا ڙﺪﻨﻴﺋﺎﮭﻟﺎﮘ ﻦﻫﮇﻜﻴﺟ .ﻲﮭﻧﻮﻛ رﺎﻴﺘﺧا ﺲﻴﮐ ﻮﺟ
“
.وﺪﻨﻳو ﻪﻧ ﻮﻴﮑﻴﻟ جوﺮﻣ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﻮﻫا ۾ ﻚﮭﻴﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺑ ﻲﮭﻧا ﺎﻳ وﺪﻨﻴﭤ ﻪﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ
P3F
4
 .ﻦﻫآ ﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﻞﻳڙﻮﺟ /ﻞﻴﭼ ﺎﺟ ﺮﻋﺎﺷ ﻚﻫ ﻦﮭﻨﻛ ﻲﺋ ﻪﻧ ،ﻦﻫآ ﺰﺟ ﻮﺟ بﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﮭﻟا ﻪﻧ ،نﻮﻴﮢﻮﭼ /ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﻪﺗ ﻦﺌﻴﺟﻮﻟﺎﺳر ﻮﺟ ﻪﻫﺎﺷ .ﻲﺠﻫ پور لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا جوﺮﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻦﺘﻣ رﺮﻘﻣ /صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻚﻫ ﻲﮐ ﻦﮭﻧا ﻪﺗ ﻲﻫﺎﻧ ﻲﻣزﻻ يﺮﻜﻨﮭﻨﺗﻪﻫﺎﺷ .ﻲﻫآ قﺮﻓ ﻮﮣﻬﮔ ورﻮﭤ ۾ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻲﺟ مﻼﻛ ﻞﻴﻛ ﻲﭡﻛ ،۾ ﻲﻧﮍﻣ يﺮﻜﻨﮭﻨﺟ ،ﻲﻫآ ﻮﻧڏ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﮭﮢﺎﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﺎﺟ ﻮﮭﮢﺎﻣ ﻚﻫ ﻦﮭﻨﻛ ﻲﻫا ﻮﺟ ﻮﮀ .ﻪﻧ ﻮﺟ ﻦﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﺮﭘ ،ﻲﻫآ ﻚﻴﭠ ﻪﺗ ڻﺮﻛ رﺮﻘﻣ ﻦﺘﻣ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻮﺟ ﻲﻟﺎﺳر ﻲﺟﻪﺗ ﻲﻫآ ڻﻮﭼ ﻮﺟ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻮﻴﻬﮕﭔ .ﻦﻫآ ﻪﻧ ﻞﻳڙﻮﺟ /ﻞﻴﻫﺎﭠ؛ﻮﮀ .ﻦﻫآ اﺪﻨﻳا ﻪﻧﻮﻛ ﭣﻫ نﺎﻣ ﻦﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﮭﻠﭤ ﻲﺟ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ”
“
.ﻲﻫآ وﺪﻨﻴﭤ ۾ ﻦﻴﻟد ﻲﺟ ماﻮﻋ ﺮﭘ ،ﻪﻧ ۾ ﻦﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻢﻨﺟ ﻮﺟ ﻦﮭﻧا ﻮﺟ
P4F
5
 ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻮﻴﻬﮕﭔ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ۾ ﻲﻠﺴﻠﺳ نا .ﻲﭸو ﻮﻴﻛ ﻦﻴﺋا ﻪﺑ ﺐﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﮐ نا ،ﻲﺠﻫ ﻲﺟ لد ﻲﺟ ماﻮﻋ ﻲﺷ ﺎﻜﻴﺟ
 
3
 ص ،ﺦﻴﺷ فﺎﻄﻟا ،ﻒﻨﺼﻣ
(
نﻮﻴﮢﻮﭼ ۽ ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ
)
نﺎﺳ ٽﻮﮭﮔ ﻲﮬآ ﻲﭠر ،ﻆﻔﻟ ﺶﻴﭘ /ڳﺎﮭﻣ ،وﮍﺑا بﺎﺘﻓآ ۴۴يروﺮﺒﻴﻓ ،ﮅﻨﺳ دﺎﺑآرﺪﻴﺣ ﻦﺸﻴﻜﻴﻠﺒﭘ سﮉﻠﻴﻓ ﻮﻴﻧ ،۱۹۹۶.ع
4
 ص
(
سﺎﻴﭜا ﻚﮬ
)
اروﺎﺤﻣ ۽ ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ يﮅﻨﺳ ،رﮅﻴﻟﺮﻣ ﺮﭩﻛاڊ ،ﻲﻠﭩﻴﺟ۲۱-۲۲ورﺎﻳﮉﻨﻛ ﻦﺸﻴﻜﻴﻠﺒﭘ ﻲﻨﺷور ،۱۹۹۶.ع
5
 ص ،ﺦﻴﺷ فﺎﻄﻟا ،ﻒﻨﺼﻣ
(
نﻮﻴﮢﻮﭼ ۽ ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ
)
نﺎﺳ ٽﻮﮭﮔ ﻲﮬآ ﻲﭠر ،ڳﺎﮭﻣ ،ﻮﻴﮭﮕﭔ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ۳۹يروﺮﺒﻴﻓ ،ﮅﻨﺳ دﺎﺑآرﺪﻴﺣ ﻦﺸﻴﻜﻴﻠﺒﭘ سﮉﻠﻴﻓ ﻮﻴﻧ ،۱۹۹۶.ع
 
ﺎﮭﭘ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﻲﺗ پور لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا دازآﭼ ۽ﻮﻳ
 
3
ﻮﭤ ﻲﮑﻟ؛ﺎﺘﮭﭘ ۾ پور هدﻮﺟﻮﻣ ،اﺪﻨﻠﻫ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﺗ ﻞﺴﻧ ﻲﺌﭔ نﺎﮐ ﻞﺴﻧ ﻚﻫ ۽ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﺳ ﻲﺌﭔ نﺎﮐ ﻲﻨﻴﺳ ﻚﻫ ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ”ﻮﻫا ﻪﺗ ﻦﻛ سﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻮﻫا ڙﺪﻨﻫﮍﭘ ﻲﻛ ﻪﺗ ﻮﭤ ﻲﻬﮕﺳ ﻲﭤ .يﺪﻧﻮﻫ ﻲﺋآ روﺮﺿ رﺎﭰ ﺮﻴﭰ يرﻮﭤ ۾ ﻦﻈﻔﻟ يﺮﻜﻨﮭﻨﺗ .ﻦﻫآ .ﻲﺟﺮﻬﮔ ﮡﺌﻫ ﻦﺌﻴﻫ ،ﻪﻧ ﻦﺌﻳا ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ:رﻮﻃ لﺎﺜﻣ
 
.ﻮﭤ يﮇﮀ ﻮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻧ ،ﻮﭤ يﺮﻣ ﻪﻧ ﻮﻳرﺎﻣ؛ﻪﺗ ﻲﺠﻫ وﮅﭔ ﻦﺌﻴﻫ ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﻮﻫا يرو ﻦﮭﻨﻛ
 
.يﮇﮀ ﻮﺠﻨﻣ ﻮﭤ ﻮﻛ ﻪﻧ ،يﺮﻣ ﻮﭤ ﻪﻧ ﻮﺌﻣ:ﻲﻫآ لﺎﺜﻣ ﻮﻴﭔ ﻚﻫ .ﻲﻫآ راڌ راڌ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ۽ مﻮﮭﻔﻣ ﺮﭘ ،ﻲﻫآ قﺮﻓ ﻮﺟ ﻦﻈﻔﻟ فﺮﺻ ﻪﻧ ۾ ﻦﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﻲﮭﻨﭔ ﻦﮭﻧا
 
يﻮﭼ ﻲﮐ نﺎﮔ ،ﻪﻧﺎﻛ ﻲﺳڏ ﻦﮭﻧرﺎﻛ ﻲﺠﻨﮭﻨﭘ ﻦﮭﻨﻴﻣ؛“!يرﺎﻛ ﭿﭘ يڙ ﻞﻫ”ﺎﻳ
 
ﻲﮐ نﻮﺌﮘ يﻮﭼ ﻲﭤ ﻦﮭﻨﻴﻣ؛“!يرﺎﻛ ﭿﭘ يڙ ﻞﻫ”
“
.ﻲﻫآ ﻆﻔﻟ ﻮﻜﻧﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣ نﻮﺌﮘ ۽ يﺪﻨﻫ نﺎﮔ .ﻲﻫآ رﺎﭰ ﺮﻴﭰ ﻲﺟ ﻦﻈﻔﻟ ﻮﮘر ۾ ﻲﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﻦﻫ
P5F
6
 رﮅﻴﻟﺮﻣ ﺮﭩﻛاڊ ۾ يرﺎﺑ ﻲﺟ ﻦﺘﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﻲﺟ ﻲﻛﺎﮭﭘجيٽﻲﻫآ ڻﻮﭼ ﻮﺟ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ ﻲﻟ؛ﻮﺟ ﻲﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻮﻛ” ﻦﻫآ ﻲﻫا .ﻲﻫآ يروﺮﺿ ﮡﺌﻫ ﻮﺟ ﻦﺘﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﻦﺌﭼ ۾ نا ﻻ ﻲﮭﻧا ،يﺮﻛ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻮﺟرد: 
)
1
(
رﻮﭤ
-
.پور وڙﮃﻨﻧ ﺎﻳ ﻲﺋاﺮﮐا
)
2
(
ﻲﺋاﺮﮭﮔ ﻲﺟ نرﺎﭽﻳو. 
)
3
(
ﺖﻛاﺰﻧ ﻲﺟ رﺎﮭﻇا ﺎﻳ ﺖﻓاﺮﻇ ،ﻲﺋﺎﮢﻮﻠﺳ. 
)
4
(“
.رﺎﭼﺮﭘ ﻮﺟ ﻲﮭﻧا ۾ ماﻮﻋ /ڪﻮﻟ
P6F
7
P
 
.ﻦﻫآ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ۾ ﻦﻴﮢﻮﭼ /ﻦﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﻞﻴﻛ ﺶﻴﭘ ﭟﻴﻫ ،نﻮﻴﺑﻮﺧ نﻮﻳرﻮﻤﺳ نﻮﻴﭥﻣ ﻪﺗ ﻦﻫﮇﺟ 
1.1
ﺎﻳآ ڻوﺎﮐ نﻮﻧ /نﻮﻛ ﻲﻠﭔ ﺮﻴﭰ ،ﺎﻳﺎﻫﮍﭘ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻲﻠﭔ.
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ،ﻲﻜﺋاﺮﺳ
)
 
1.2
ﺎﻳآ ڻوﺎﮐ نﻮﻛ ﻲﻠﭔ ﺮﭰ ،ﺎﻳﺎﻫﮍﭘ ﻦﮭﻨﻴﺷ ﻲﻠﭔ.
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ،وﺮﺳ
)
 
1.3
.ﻮﻳآ ڻوﺎﮐ نﻮﻧ ﻲﻠﭔ ﺮﭰ ،ﻮﻳﺎﻫﮍﭘ ﻦﮭﻨﻴﺷ ﻲﻠﭔﻮﻳرﺎﮑﻴﺳ ﻪﻧ ﮡﻫﮍﭼ نﻮﻜﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﻣ ﻮﺟ ﺎﻴﭤ ﺎﮝﭼ.
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ،وﺮﺳ
)
 
1.4
،ﺎﻳآ ڻوﺎﮐ ﻮﻛ ﻲﻠﭔ ﺮﻴﭰ ،ﺎﻳﺎﻫﮍﭘ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻲﻠﭔﺎﻴﭤ ﺎﮝﭼﺎﻳﻼﮑﺳ ﻪﻧ ﮡﻫﮍﭼ نﻮﻜﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﻣ ﻮﺟ.
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ﻲﻜﻴﺋاﺮﺳ
)
 
1.5
،ﻮﻳآ ﮡﺋﺎﮐ ﻲﮐ ﻲﻠﭔ يﺮﭰ ،ﻮﻳﺎﻫﮍﭘ ﻦﮭﻨﻴﺷ ﻲﻠﭔ 
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ،ﻲﺘﻫﺎﺳ
)
.ﻮﻳرﺎﮑﻴﺳ ﻪﻧ ﮡﻫﮍﭼ ،ﻲﮐﻮﺗ نﻮﻣ ﻮﺟ ﻮﻴﭤ ﻮﮝﭼ:ﺐﻠﻄﻣﻦﺟﮇﮀ ﻪﻧ يرﺎﮑﻴﺳ ﻲﮐ دﺮﮔﺎﺷ ﻚﻫ ،ﻲﺟ دﺎﺘﺳا ﺖﻴﺜﻴﺤﺑ ،ﺮﮔ ارﻮﻤﺳ ﺎﺠﻨﮭﻨﭘ.
 
2.1
ﻲﺋﺎﻧ ﻼﻣ ﻮﻛ موڏ ،ﻼﻣ ﺎﺴﻴﺗ ﻮﻛ ﻲﺴﻴﺟ، ﻲﺋﺎﺘﺑ ﻲﺳرآ ﻲﻧ سا ،ﻲﺋﺎﺠﺑ ﻲﻜﻟوڍ ﻲﻧ سا.
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ،يﺪﻨﻫ
)
 
2.2
،ﻞﻴﭜ ﻮﻛ ﺖﻨﺳ ،ﻼﻣ ﺎﺴﻴﺗ ﻮﻛ ﻲﺴﻴﺟﻞﻴﭼ ﻲﺌﮕﻴﻟ ﻮﻛ يرﻮﮀ ،ﻦﻬﮔ ﺎﻴﮔ ﺎﮐ ﺎﻫﻮﻟ.
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ،يﺪﻨﻫ
)
 
2.3
،ﻞﻴﭜ ﺎﺟار ير ﻦﺳ ،ﻼﻣ ﺎﺴﻴﺗ ﻮﻛ ﻲﺴﺌﺟﻞﻴﭼ ﻲﺌﮕﻴﻟ ﺎﻛﮍﻟ ،ﺎﻴﮔﺎﮐ ﺎﻫﻮﭼ ﻮﻛ ﻲﻫﻮﻟ.
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ،يﺪﻨﻫ
)
 
2.4
،ﻢﻴﭜ ﺎﺟار ﻲﻟ ﻦﺳ ،ﻼﻣ ﺎﺴﻴﺗ ﻮﻛ ﻲﺴﻴﺟﻞﻴﭼ ﻲﺌﮕﻴﻟ ﻮﻛ يرﻮﮀ ،ﺎﻫﻮﭼ ﺎﻴﮔﺎﮐ ﻮﻛ ﻲﻫﻮﻟ.
(
ﻮﻛﺎﮭﭘ ،يﺪﻨﻫ
)
 
2.5
ﺎﺴﻴﺗ ﻮﻛ ﻲﺴﺌﺟ،ﻞﻴﭜ ﺎﺟار ﻲﺌﻨﺳ ،ﻼﻣ
 
6
 ص ﺎ  ًﻀﻳا۳۵۽۳۶.
7
 ص
(
سﺎﻴﭜا ﻚﮬ
)
اروﺎﺤﻣ ۽ ﺎﻛﺎﮭﭘ يﮅﻨﺳ ،رﮅﻴﻟﺮﻣ ﺮﭩﻛاڊ ،ﻲﻠﭩﻴﺟ۴۲ورﺎﻳﮉﻨﻛ ﻦﺸﻴﻜﻴﻠﺒﭘ ﻲﻨﺷور ،۱۹۹۶.ع
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wahabsahito

سنڌيءَ ۾ الائي ڪيترا اھڙا پھاڪا پڻ آھن جن جو استعمال آزاد رروپ تي ٻڌل آھي. تن جا مثال ھتي ڏنا ويا آھن.

reply01 / 10 / 2010
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