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English Grammar For Tayza


Khit Nandy

awZuav;wdkYa&
'DwpfvrSmawmh canqdkwJh tulBud,m&JUtoHk;tEIef;av;udk ajymjyvdkygw,f/ can udkjzpfEdkif
ajceJY pGrf;aqmif&nftay:? arwm&yfcHrIawG jyKvkyf&mrSmeJY cGifhawmif;wJhae&mawGrSm toHk;jyKygw,f/
Can\
Can
\ zGJ Y pnf;wnfaqmufyHk
Subject + Can + Main verb
Main verb udk toHk;jyK&mrSm Infinitive yJtoHk;jyK&NyD; to rxnfh&ygbl;/
Oyrm- I can play tennis.(tjyK0gus)
uRefawmfwif;epfupm;wwfw,f/
He cannot play tennis.(tjiif;0gus)
olwif;epfrupm;wwfbl;/
Can you play tennis?(tar;0gus)
rif;wif;epfupm;wwfovm;/
Can udk toHk;jjyKjcif
yKjcif;
(1) jzpf
jzpfEdkifajcESifhpGrf;aqmif&nfudk azmfjy&mwGiftoHk;jyKjKjcif;
Can udkpGrf;aqmif&nfeJY uRrf;usifrIawGudk azmfjy&mrSm toHk;jyKygw,f/
(1)She can drive a car.
olrum;armif;wwfw,f/
(2)Can you hear me?
rif;igajymwmMum;vm;/
(2) arwm&yfcH&mESifh cdkif;ap&mwGif toHk;jyKjcif
jyKjcif;
wpfcgwpf&HrSm can udkwpfpHkwpfckjyKvkyfay;zdkY wpfpHkwpfa,mufukd arwm&yfcHvdk&iftoHk;jyKygw,f/
wu,fhar;cGef;r[kwfbJ wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk vkyfapcsifvdkY arwm&yfcH&mrSm toHk;jyKygw,f/
(1) Can you make a cup of coffee, please?
cifAsm;uRefawmfhudk aus;Zl;jyK aumfzDwpfcGufazsmfay;ygvm;/(arwm&yfcHjcif;)
(2) Can you be quiet?
wdwfwdwfaeprf;yg/(cdkif;apjcif;)
(3) cGifhawmif;&mwGif toHk;jyKjcif
jyKjcif;
wpfcgwpf&HrSm wpfpHkwpfckudk vkyfcsifvdkYcGifhawmif;&mrSmvnf; toHk;jyKygw,f/
(1) Can I eat in this room?
uRefawmf 'Dtcef;xJrSm tpmpm;vdkY&ygovm;/
(2) You can't eat here, but you can eat in the dining room.
rif;'DrSm tpmpm;vdkYr&ygbl;/ xrif;pm;cef;rSmyJ pm;Edkifygw,f/

usef;rma&;u@

tpmtm[m& taMumif;odaumif;p&m
xufbkef;

,ckacwfvrl sm;onf a&S;acwfvrl sm;pm;aomuf


cJhMu&onfh tpm;tpmrsKd;udkom qufvufpm;aomuf
aeMuvQiftrSefrkcsatmhtefMurnfjzpf\/ a&S;acwf
vlrsm;onf a&S;acwftavsmuf rnfonfhypnf;udkrQ
rwDxGifEdkifMuao;ojzifh &orQaom toD;tESHrsm;?
opfcsopfzk? opfjrpfrsm;ESifh om;i,f? ig;i,frsm;\
tom;rsm;udk tpdrf;vdkufpm;cJhMu&avonf/ a&S;acwf
vlrsm;omur ,ckacwfvrl sm;yifvQif tpm\tm[m&
"mwfudk vlwdkif;aph tjynfht0r&Muacs/ armfawmfum;
wGif avmifpmqDonf tvGefta&;BuD;ouJhodkY vlwdkY\
tpm;tpmvnf; tm[m&"mwfonf tvGefta&;BuD;
\/ avmifpmqDomr&S dvQif rnfrQavmufaumif;
onfh armfawmfum;yifjzpfvifhupm; oGm;Edkifrnf
r[kwo
f uJo
h Y k d tm[m&"mwfr&So
d nft
h pmudk pm;aomuf
&onfh vlwpfOD;onfvnf; tvkyfwpfckudk vkyEf ikd ?f
udik Ef ikd ?f BuHpnfEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ tpm;tpmrsm;udk
vdktyfonfh tm[m&"mwfrsm;enf;yg;cJhvQif cEmudk,f
tpdwftydkif;rsm;wGifvnf; tm[m&"mwf acgif;yg;rnf
jzpfojzifhvky&f rnfhtvkyfrsm;udk vkyfudkifEdkifawmhrnf
r[kwaf cs/ vufk;H &nfEiS Eh f v
S k H;&nfuk d aumif;pGmpGr;f aqmif
Edkifa&; twGufaomfvnf;aumif;? BuD;jyif;tav;csdef

wdk;vmap&eftwGufaomfvnf;aumif;? ysufpD;,dk,Gif;
vsuf&Sdaom udk,fudkjyefvnf jznfhwif;ay;&eftwGuf
aomfvnf;aumif;? usef;rmrI&&Sda&;twGufaomfvnf;
aumif;? uREkfyfwdkY\cEmudk,fonf rQwvHkavmufaom
tpm;tpmudk rsm;pGmvdktyfvSayonf/ tpm;tpmudk
vdkonfxufydkpm;vQifaomfvnf;aumif;? enf;
pm;vQifaomfvnf;aumif;? rrQwojzifh a&m*gjzpfyGm;
wwfonf/
tpm;tpmrsm;udk pm;oHk;&mwGif pm;oHk;olrsm;\
touft&G,f? &moDOwk? tvkyftudkifwdkYudkvdkuf
csifhcsdefpm;aomufMurSomvQif tm[m&"mwfjzpfNyD;
usef;rmoefpGrf;Muayrnf/ tm[m&"mwfenf;yg;
rrQwaomtpm;tpmrsm;udkom rSD0JoHk;aqmifaom
olrsm;onf a&m*ga0'emzdpD;ESdyfpufjcif;cH&rnfjzpfay
onf/ vl\cEmudk,fonf ydkwif;"mwfwpfckwnf;
udkomvQif vdktyfonfr[kwf oMum;"mwf? upD"mwf?
xHk;"mwf? oH"mwf? azmhpazm&yf"mwf? uvdk&if;"mwf?
r*eDqD,rf"mwf? qmvzm"mwfESifh tjcm;owK"mwf
rsm;vnf;vdktyfayonf/ xdkYjyifpm;aomufonfhtpm;
tpmrsm;wGif ADwmrifrsm;vnf; yg0if&rnfjzpfonf/
vltrsm;pm;aomufvsuf&Sdonfh tcsKdUaomtpm;rsm;
onf tylESifhpGrf;tifudkjzpfap\/ tcsKdUonfaoG;om;
rsm;udkjzpfapNyD;vQif tcsKdUonftjcm;vdktyfonfhypnf;
rsm;udkjzpfaponf/ xdkYaMumifh tm[m&"mwfygaom
tpm;rsm;udk pm;aomufolrsm;onf usef;rmoefpGrf;pGm
jzifh tvkyftudkif? tBuHtpnfrsm;udk NyD;ajrmufonfh
wdkifatmifvkyfudkifaqmif&GufoGm;EdkifMuonf/ tpm;
tpmrsm;wGif yg0ifonft
h m[m&"mwfrsm;udk 5rsKd;
ydkif;xm;onf/ xdk5rsKd;rSm (1)tqD"mwf? (2) ydkwif;
"mwf? (3)umAGef[dkuf'dkuf? (4)owK"mwf (5)ADwm

rif"mwfwdkYjzpfMuonf/ tqD"mwf? ydkwif;"mwf?


umAGef[dkuf'dkuf"mwfwo
Ykd nf tyl"mwfujkd zpfaponf/
ydw
k if;ESio
hf wK"mwfrsm;onf udk,ft*FgBuD;xGm;ap
onfhtjyif cEmudk,fjzpfaom csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;udk
vnf; jznfhpGufjyKjyifay;Muavonf/ owK"mwfEiS hf
ADwmrif"mwfwo
Ykd nf cEmud,
k t
f wGif; "mwfajymif;vJrI
rsm;rSefrSefjzpfEdkifatmif tultnDay;Muonf/
owK"mwfESifhADwmrif"mwfwdkYtultnDay;Mu
ouJhodkY a&uvnf;tultnDay;aeao;onf/ udk,f
t*Fgtpdwftydkif;rsm;ydkvIyf&Sm;avav tyl"mwfudk
ydkvdkavavjzpfonf/ t&G,fESifhtcsKd;us tpm;udk
pm;&mwGif uav;onf vlBuD;xufydktpmudkpm;Edkif
onf/ tvkyfudkydkvkyfaom vlBuD;wpfOD;onf vIyf&Sm;rI
enf;onfh tjcm;vlBuD;wpfOD;xufydk tpmudkpm;Edkif
onf/ xdkYjyif cEmudk,fxGm;usKdif;aponf/ cEmudk,f
vIyf&Sm;ap&mwGif pGrf;tifudk ydktoHk;jyKaomaMumifh
cEmudk,fi,folxufydk pm;onf/ &moDOwkat;aom
wdkif;jynfrsm;wGif aexdkifonfhvlrsm;onf tyl"mwfudk
txl;vdktyfaomaMumifh tyl"mwfudkjzpfaponfh tpm
rsm;udk ydkpm;oHk;Mu&ayonf/ tyludkjzpfaponfhtpm
rsm;rSm tqDyifjzpfonf/
cEmudk,fBuD;xGm;oefrmvmap&ef ydkwif;"mwf
ygaom tpmrsm;udk tpOfpm;oHk;&efvdktyfavonf/
<uufom;rsm; BuD;xGm;apvdkvQif ydkwif;"mwfygonfh
tpmrsm;udk pm;ay;&ayrnf/ odrYk pm;vQif <uufom;rsm;
BuD;xGm;vmEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/ BuD;xGm;jyefvQifvnf;
oefrmrnfr[kwfacs/ ydkwif;"mwfrsm;udk tom;rsm;
ESifh [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;rS&Edkifaomfvnf; tm[m&
"mwfyg0if&m twdkif;tptm;jzifh wpfrsKd;ESifh wpfrsKd;
rwlMuacs/ tom;rsm;wGiyf dw
k if;"mwf &mcdik Ef eI ;f
trsm;qHk;yg0ifonf/ EGm;EdkY? O? ig;? ck? urmESifh
ausmufykpGefwkyfuJhodkY tcGH&Sdonfha&ow0grsm;? 'defcJ?
cGHrmoD;? yJawmifh? pm;awmfyJESifh aumufESHrsm;wGifvnf;

ydkwif;"mwf tajrmuftjrm;yg0ifonf/ vlrsm;aeYpOf


rSD0Jpm;aomufvsuf&Sdaom tpm;rsm;wGif owK"mwf
tajrmuftjrm; yg0ifvsuf&SdaomaMumifh cEmudk,f
wGifvdkaeonfh owK"mwfrsm;udk pm;onfhtpmrsm;
&Edkifavonf/ odkY&mwGif ta&;BuD;onfh owK"mwf
ESpfrsKd;onf tpmwdkif; rygwwfojzifh xdkowK"mwf
rsKd;ygap&ef *kjyKoifhonf/ xdk"mwfvdkoavmufr&vQif
tkd;rsm;ao;odrfcsnfheJYNyD;vQif tcsKd;tpm;yifrusjzpf
wwfacsonf/ oGm;rsm;vnf;raumif; jzpfwwfonfjhyif
aoG;tm;vnf;enf;wwfonf/ uav;wpfa,muf
onf wpfaeYvQif (50)usyfom;0ifwpfykvif;rQ EdkYudk
aomufoHk;ay;&efvdktyf\/ vlBuD;rsm;onf tjcm;aom
tpm;rsm;\ tm[m&"mwfudkMunfh wpfaeYvQif EdkY
tpdwfom;cefYtxd vdkrnfjzpfonf/ tjcm;aom
tpmrsm;xuf O\tESpfESifh'defcJrsm;wGif u,fqD,rf
"mwfydkyg0ifonf/ tcsKdUaom[if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;
wGif u,fqD,rf"mwf tenf;i,fyg tom;rsm;wGif
u,fqD,rf"mwfenf;vS\/ xdkYaMumifh rmaomtdk;
rsm;ESifh cdkifaomoGm;rsm;&&SdEdkifap&ef EdkYygaomtpm;
tpmrsm;udk pm;tyfvSayonf/ oH"mwfonfvnf;
BuD;xGm;oefrm usef;rmvmap&ef ta&;BuD;onfh
owK"mwfwpfckjzpfonf/ oH"mwfenf;vQifaoG;tm;
vnf;enf;ojzifh tm;tifr&SdaomaMumifh cEmudk,f
wpfckvHk;odkY vdktyfaom atmufqD*sif"mwfudkydkYaqmif
jcif;iSm pGrf;Edkifrnfr[kwfacs/ xdktcgaoG;tm;avsmh
onfh a&m*gjzpfay:vmEkdifNyD;vQif tiftm;,kwfavsmh
oGm;wwfonf/
rQwvHkavmufaom tpmrsm;udkomvQif tcsKd;us
rSefrSef i,f&G,fpOfrSBuD;onfhwdkifatmif pm;aomuf
oGm;EdkifrnfqdkvQif vlonf usef;rmoefpGrf;Ekdifrnf
jzpfNyD;vQif tMuHopf? Pfopfrsm;udkvnf; wDxGif
Edkifrnf jzpfavonf/ /

xufbkef;

(jrefrmpum;yHrk sm;)
umwGef;armif'if
awZuav;wdaYk & ...yHu
k kd MunfNh y;D ajz&r,fh jrefrmpum;yHrk sm;\ tajzrsm;udk pmrsuEf mS wpfae&mwGif
azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ uav;wd&Yk mS MunfMh uyguG,/f

pmrsuEf mS (22)rS tajzrsm;


1/ rD;tdrf
2/ ,keaf v;&JU ajcaxmuf
3/ eH&rH S tkyyf &kH UJ vuf
4/ aowmrSmuyfaewJh yef;yGirhf t
S puf
5/ Mu,fatmufrt
S uGuf

6/ tusr S tpif;usm;
7/ tkyaf tmufrS uGi;f pufuav;rsm;
8/ ckwifatmuf&u
dS iG ;f ab;rS tpufta&twGuf
9/ tkyrf av;&JU tusa umfvm
10/ aowmxJrS 0uf0&H UJ ESmacgif;

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