aqmif;yg;u¾

oH'i
kd ;f az

trsdK;orD; wef;wla&; &m qH;k jzwfyg0ifciG ahf wGe@J qufqH

v_y±f mS ;r_0g'rSm or±d;k ustawG;
tac:awGtm;vH;k udk xd;k azmuf &
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awmh vpfb&,fvpfZife@J qd±k , S f
vpfZifqw kd hJ 0g'}uD; 2 ckay:rSm rl
wnf+yD; trsKd ;uGaJ wGe@J wefz;kd xm;
r_ r wl n D w mawG jzpf a y:vmyg
w,f?
Feminism qdw k hJ trsKd ;
orD;wef;wla&; v_y&f mS ;r_0g'&Jh vuQ
%mawGxrJ mS vl@tzG@J tpnf;wGi;f
rSm&Sw d hJ Gender Divisions vd@k ac:
wJh vlrb _ 0 usm;-r vuQ%mcGJ
jcm;r_ukd t"du OD;pm;ay; qef;ppf
avh±Sdwwf=uygw,f? aemuf+yD;
'Dvckd jJG cm;r_awGuv kd nf; or±d;k us
r[kwb f J Edik if aH &;tjrife@J =unf+h yD;
vlrb _ 0 usm;rvuQ%mcGjJ cm;r_qkd
wm usm;eJ@r rwlwhJ vdi2f ck=um;
u tm%mqufqaH &;&Jh a&mifjyef
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jcm;r_awG[m b,fu tajccHo
vJ/ bma=umifh qufvufvufcH
usio hf ;kH ae=uwmvJ/ 'gukd b,fvkd
pdeaf c:ausmjf zwf=urvJqw kd mawG
udk ar;cGe;f xkwaf vh&+dS y;D Edik if aH &;qdik f
26
a&;yHpk aH wGrmS wd;k jri‡ w hf m0ef,al &;
txd yg0ifvmygawmhw,f? 'Dvekd @J
or±d;k us Edik if aH &;qdik &f mt"dyg` ,f
owfrw S cf suaf wGukd pdeaf c:wmjzpf
w,f? txl;ojzifh yk*v ~ u d b0/
wOD;csi;f qdik &f m yk*Kd~ vaf &;/ rdom;pke@J
vdifydkif;qdkif&mðyrlqufqHa&;awG
qdw k m Edik if aH &;eJ@ trsm;}uD;ouf
qdik af ewJt h wGuf Edik if aH &;qdik &f m
cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmr_awGvkyfwJhtcgrSm
trsdK;orD;-trsKd;om;wef;wla&;
qdw k hJ qENoabmxm;awGuykd g t
xl; tav;ay;vmygawmhw,f?
Feminism qdw k hJ trsKd ;orD;wef;wl
a&;v_y±f mS ;r_0g'rSm

trsm;qdkifESifh yk*~vdu
wOD;csi;f qdik f cGjJ cm;r_ The
Public/Private Divide

a,musmf ;}u;D pd;k r_ (zd0k g')
Patriarchy

obm0 vdiv f uQ%meJ@
vl r _ b 0vd i f v uQ % m
Sex and Gender

wef ; wl n D r #a&;ES i f h
rwlncD surf sm; Equality

Dovejune2006.pmd 26 7/8/2006, 4:31 PM

 and Difference qdkwJh =um; qufqaH &;awGrmS vnf; Edik if H
t"du r¾dKif}uD; (4)ck&dS a&;&Sdw,fvdk@ qdk&rSmjzpfygw,f?
ygw,f? EdkifiHa&;udk t"dy`g,fzGifhwm[m
trsm;qdkifESifh yk*~vdu “Ed k i f i H a &;ud k wwfoyd nm±Siaf wG&hJ e,fy,fv@kd
wOD;csi;f qdik f cGjJ cm;r_ The Public/ t"d ` g,f z G i f h w m[m owfrw S x f m;vd@k r&ygb;l ? vl@tzG@J
Private Divide tpnf;wckv;kH rSm vdiyf ikd ;f tajccH
wwfodynm&SifawG&Jh
tpdk;&tkyfcsKyfa&;Xme tvkycf jJG cm;r_awG jzpfay:aewmudk
awG/ Edik if aH &;ygwaD wG/ twdu k t f cH e,fy,fvdk@ owfrSwf Edik if aH &;taeeJ@ xnfrh pOf;pm;=ubJ
tkypf ak wGe@J trsm;jynfoq l ikd &f m xm;vdk@ r&ygbl;? vl@ obm0taetxm;a=umifhjzpf
tajctwif aqG;aEG;jiif;ckrH p_ wJh vl wmygv@kd om em;vnfxm;r,fqkd
trsm;eJ@qikd w f hJ e,fy,fawGukd Edik if H tzGJ@tpnf;wckvHk;rSm &ifawmh vdifydkif;qdkif&m rnDr#r_
a&;qd+k yD; or±d;k us em;vnfwwf vdifydkif;tajccHtvkyf awGjzpfaewmudk qufvuf xdr;f
=uygw,f? yk*~vdub0eJ@qdkifwJh cGJjcm;r_awG jzpfay:ae odr;f umuG,af y;vdu k o f vdk jzpfae
e,fy,fawGukd Edik if aH &;qd+k yD; pOf; ygw,f? 'Dupd eP @J ygwo f uf+y;D *sib f D
pm;wwfwmrsKd ;u tawmhu f kd &Sm; wmudk EdkifiHa&;taeeJ@ t,fpwde;f (Jean B. Elshtain)u J
=uygw,f? rdom;pkb0eJ@ yk*K~ vdu xnfh rpOf;pm;=ubJ trsm;qdik af ,musmf ;/ yk*v ~ u d qdik f
wOD;eJ@wOD; qufqaH &;awGuakd wmh rde;f r Public Man, Private Wo-
obm0 taetxm;
wOD;csif;qdkif&m e,fy,ftjzpf man qdw k hJ pmwrf;xJrmS tus,f
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qdk=uygawmhw,f? 'gayrJhvnf; om em;vnfxm;r,f pOftvmt& trsdK;orD;awGu
vlom;awG&v hJ rl b _ 0 tpdwt f ydik ;f awmh jyifytvkyaf wGe@J rywfouf
wdkif;rSm EdkifiHa&;qdkwm&SdygowJh? qd k & if a wmh vd i f y d k i f ; wJh rdom;pkb0eJ@ tdrw f iG ;f wm0ef
tpd;k &tkycf sKyfa&;qdik &f mawG 'grrS qd k i f & m rnD r #r_ a wG awGrmS ta&;}uD;w,fq+kd yD; uef@
[kwf tjcm;aom trsm;jynfol owfxm;cHxm;&pOfrmS vltrsm;eJ@
jzpf a ewmud k quf
qdik &f mtzG@J tpnf;awGuo kd m Edik if H yg0ifygwo f ufwhJ v_y&f mS ;r_awG/ Edik f
a&;vdk@ owfrSwfvdk@r&Edkifygbl;? vuf x d r f ; od r f ; um iHa&;qdik &f m e,fy,fawG/ pmayeJ@
vlry_ ÉdyuQawG&w dS hJ ae&mwdik ;f rSm uG , f a y;vd k u f o vd k tEkynmqdik &f mqdw k mawGukd t
Edik if aH &;qdw k m &Syd gw,f? rD;vuf rsK;d om;awGtwGuf oD;oef@owf
(Millet)u Edi k if aH &;udk t"dyg` ,zf iG hf jzpfaeygw,f” rSwx f m;ovdjk zpfaeygw,f? trsK;d
xm;wmu vltyk pf w k ckukd tjcm; orD;awGukd tdraf xmifxrd ;f odr;f
tkypf w k cku xdr;f csKyfz@kd pDraH qmif a&;eJ@ rdcifqw kd hJ yk*v ~ u d wOD;csi;f
&GufwJh tm%mtajccHqufqH qdik &f m tcef;¾wm0efe@J csKyx f m;
a&;vd@k qykd gw,f? tpd;k &eJ@ jynfol vdu k o f vdjk zpfaewJt h wGuf aemuf
vlx=k um; qufqaH &;udk Edik if aH &; qufwGJ&vm'fuawmh EdkifiHa&;
vd@k vufcEH ikd pf rG ;f &S=d uovdk vkyif ef; e,fy,fuae z,f±mS ;cHvu kd &f jcif;
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cifyeG ;f eJ@ ZeD;=um;/ rdbeJ@ om;orD; wla&; v_y±f mS ;olawG[m trsm;
27

Dovejune2006.pmd 27 7/8/2006, 4:31 PM

 qdik af ,musmf ;eJ@ yk*v ~ u d qdik f rde;f r a=umif;r_tm;vHk;udk vl@tzGJ@t vlr@_ tqift h wef;/ vlrsKd ;
qdw k hJ cGjJ cm;r_ukd ±du k cf sK;d zd@k óud;pm; pnf;wm0eftjzpf v$aJ jymif;jcif;vd@k (od@k r[kw)f bmoma&; pwJt h ajc
=u&ygawmhw,f? 'gayrJv h nf; ol qdEk ikd yf gw,f? tpPa&;Edik if u H upf cHay:rSm cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;wdk@wGif
wd@k awG=um;rSm trsm;qdik ef @J yk*v ~ d bwfZpf epf (Kibbutz System) yHpk H awG@&ouJo h @kd vlrb _ 0 usm;rvuQ
uqdik q f w kd hJ ESpcf =k um;rSm&Sw d hJ pnf; rsKd ;udq k v kd w kd mjzpfygw,f? %mcGjJ cm;qufqrH q _ w kd muvnf;
jcm;csuu f kd b,fypkH rH sK;d eJ@ z,f±mS ; 'gayrJvh nf; 'kw, d v_id ;f vlrb _ 0qdik &f m uGm[csuaf wGukd
=ur,f/ bma=umifh z,fSm;ypf& (Second Wave)trsKd ;orD; wef;wl odoo d mom jzpfay:apygw,f? vl
r,fqw kd hJ tay:rSmawmh oabm a&;v_y±f mS ;olawGe@J yxrv_id ;f v_yf r_b0 cGjJ cm;r_awG avhvmjcif;qdk
xm;uGv J rJG a_ wG tpOft+rJóuHawG@ ±Sm;olawG=um; uGmjcm;oGm;wJt h wm Edik if aH &;xufy+kd y;D ta&;}u;D o
wwfygw,f? usO;f =uyfvw S hJ tdrf csufawGuawmh EdkifiHa&;qdkwm vdk teuf±_dif;qHk;jzpfw,fqdk+yD;
wGif;eJ@ rdom;pkqdkif&mudk,fa&; tdrrf u _ pd aP wGe@J rygwo f ufb;l qdk tcsKd @u av;av;eufeuf aumuf
ud, k wf mudpaP wGukd azmufxu G f wJt h csuu f kd jiif;y,fvu kd jf cif;jzpf csufcsygw,f? 'ga=umifh qdk±S,f
ypfatmifvyk Ef ikd rf o S m vGwaf jrmuf ovdk yk*v ~ u d wOD;qdik u f pd q P w
kd m vpfawGu vlwef;pm; tajccHEikd if H
r,fvdk@ wcsdK@olawGu ,lqyg [m Edik if aH &;jzpfw,fqw kd hJ aºuG; a&; tawG;tac:udk wifjycJ=h uo
w,f? 'ga=umifh ynmavhvmcGi/hf ausmo f u H kd t±Sed jf rifjh cif;vd@k ajym& vdk vdiyf ikd ;f tajccHEikd if aH &; oDt&kd D
tvkyv f yk yf ikd cf iG ehf @J trsm;eJ@ ygwf ygr,f? vlrb _ 0 rsuEf mS aygi;f pHek @J ae wckukd trsKd ;orD;wef;wla&; v_yf
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wJh trsm;qdik &f m e,fy,fawGrmS rsm; zdEydS cf x H m;&r_[m rdom;pkyikd ;f usm;rcGjJ cm;qufqjH cif; (Sexism)
trsKd ;orD;awG[m trsKd ;om;awGe@J qdik &f mu tajccHwmjzpfygw,f? [mvnf; zdEydS rf y_ pkH w H ck jzpfaewJh
twl wef;wlcpH m;&,lyikd cf iG &hf adS &;qdk 'ga=umifh vuf±dS trsKd ;orD;wef;wl twGuf vlrsKd ;a&;cGjJ cm;r_ od@k r[kwf
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&Sm;r_ukd t"dyg̀,af umuf,yl gw,f? aexdik rf a_ wGxu J kd eufeuf±id_ ;f ±_id ;f oppression) eJ@ E_i d ;f ,Of+yD; csed x f ;kd
yk*~vduqdkif&mwm0ef avhvmqef;ppf tuJjzwf=uyg pOf;pm;=uygw,f? or±d;k us Edik if H
awGxu J tcsKd @ (od@k r[kw)f tm;vH;k awmhw,f? 'gukd or±d;k us vlrb _ 0 a&; oDt&kd aD wGrmS awmh yHrk eS t f m;
udk Edik if aH wmf (od@k r[kw)f trsm; Edik if aH &; (the politics of everyday jzifh vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m zdEydS rf u _ kd tav;
jynf olqikd f tzG@J tpnf;awGqu D kd life) qd+k yD; trnfwyfygw,f? u ay;avhr&So d nft h jyif ‘*si'f g’qdw k hJ
v$t J yfxm;vdu k rf o S m vGwaf jrmuf av;awGukd a,musmf ; - rde;f rt vlrb _ 0 usm;-r vuQ%m owf
atmifvyk Ef ikd rf mS ygv@kd ,H=k unfae cef;u¾awGukd vufczH @kd vlro _ rSwcf suaf wGqw kd m Edik if aH &;rSm t
wJholrsm;vnf; &Sdygw,f? Oyrm bm0vuQ%mawGtjzpf ,Ofyg; a&;}uD;wJh tcef;u¾wcktaeeJ@
rdom;pkawGtwGuf tpdk;&vlr_ atmif aqmif&u G w f hJ jzpfpOfawG todtrSwðf ycJygw,f? 'ga=umifh
axmufyahH &;p&dwaf wGukd ydrk w kd ;kd jri‡ hf txdyg0ifygw,f? rdom;pktwGi;f vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m rnDr#ra_ wGe@J zdEydS f
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jcif;jzifh uav;ðypkapmifha±Smuf awGuv kd nf; tav;ay;tuJjzwf xm;wJh oDt&kd t D opfawGukd azmf
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aygah tmifvyk yf pfEikd w f ,fv@kd olw@kd a,musmf ;}u;D pd;k r_ (zd0k g') tJ't D xJrmS trsKd ;om;
u ,l q ygw,f ? uav;xd e f ; (Patriarchy) awGe@J trsKd ;orD;awG=um;u tm
28

Dovejune2006.pmd 28 7/8/2006, 4:31 PM

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Dovejune2006.pmd 29
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