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1
December / 2011
(
A brief
 
history
of
Kurds
and
Kurdistan)
(
SIDDIQ SKENDER)
Table of contents
Chapter One:
P 1-4
 
Kurdistan:
Geography, Natural Resources and PopulationChapter Two:
P 5-12The Kurdish History
Kurdish Origin. 550
B.C-
20
th
Century
A.D.
Emirates. Dialects and Religion.Chapter Three:
P 13-19The Kurdish Struggle
 Legitimate Rights. Revolts. Flag. Nawrooz. Literature and Biography
Map of Kurdistan P 20
Fairfax, Virginia, U.S.A.
 
 
2
Chapter one:
 
(Geography, Natural Resources and Population)
First:
Geography
1- What is Kurdistan?
 Kurdistan is the land of the Kurds, mostly mountainous regions, located west the continent of Asia.The land geographically united, but politically was divided between
four countries
.Kurdistan is a multiethnic region where the Kurds form a prominent majority of the population.Kurdistan’s land is located on the southeast of 
Turkey,
west of 
Iran
, north and northeast of 
Iraq
andnorth of 
Syria
.Its land mass approximately
500,000
(Five hundred thousands) square Kilometers, or 193,000 (onehundred ninety three thousands square miles).The land is
 
approximately the size of the country of Spain.More than 40% of the land mass of Kurdistan is located in Kurdistan of Turkey.In the ancient times, Kurdistan was called
Zagros, or Zagros Highland.
 
Zagros:
It means
beyond the Mountains
.During the first Millennium
B.C.
the Greek historians called the land of the Ancient Kurds as Zagros.They called the people of the Zagros as Zagros people, Zagros nation or nations.
Zagros Highland:
It means
the highland beyond the mountains
.Zagros Highlands is the original home of the Ancient Kurds.Kurdistan lies
within
the Zagros Highlands.It is called Highland because it is mostly
higher
than its
surroundings
.
2- Description of the chain Mountain System of Kurdistan:
The land of Kurdistan is made of 
Parallel mountain
 
chains,
which run generally from
northwest
of Kurdistan (east of the Mediterranean Sea), to
southeast
of Kurdistan.These parallel mountain chains join together with the
isolated ridges
and
foothills
and they form themountain system of Kurdistan within the Zagros Highland.
Some parts of the chain Mountain system of Kurdistan are:1)
The
Zagros
Mountains in Kurdistan of Iran, which extend outside of Kurdistan into south of Iran.
2)
The
Taurus
Mountains in Kurdistan of Iraq, which extend into Turkey.
3)
The
Taurus
Mountains in Kurdistan of Turkey, which extend outside of Kurdistan.The land in Kurdistan of Syria is mostly composed of hills and plains.
Notice:
In the first millennium B.C. the Mountains of Kurdistan of Turkey were commonly known asArarat Mountains.
3- Some cities of Kurdistan with large Kurdish population:1)
 
Kurdistan of Turkey:
Diyar Bakir (Amed), Mardin, Urfa, Jezirah (Cizre), Batman, Mush, Badlis(Bitlis), Wan (Van), Malatya, and Erzinjan (Erzincan).
2
)
Kurdistan of Iran:
Kurmanshah (Bakhtaran), Elam (Ilam), Qasri-Shirin, Saqqiz, Senna (Sanandaj),Mahabad and Bukan.
3) Kurdistan of Iraq:
Kirkuk, Sulaimaniyah, Arbil (Hawler), Duhok, Sinjar (Shingal), Halabja,Khanaqin and Mandali.
4)
 
Kurdistan of Syria:
Qamishly, Dayrik, Darbasiya, Ayn Diwar and Afrin.
Notice:
The Kurds live north of Syria in three separate locations, north of al-Jezirah, Euphrates entranceto Syria and near Halab (Aleppo) at Jabbal al-Akrad (Mountain of the Kurds).
 
 
3
Second:
 
(Natural Resources of Kurdistan)
 
Though Kurdistan is rich in mineral and oil resources; it is the least developed region of Turkey, Iran,Iraq and Syria. Consequently, the Kurds derive their primarily living from farming and shepherding.Kurdistan has a
Mediterranean
climate, which is rainy and cold in the winter, hot, dry and no rain in thesummer. The weather in the mountainous regions is severe and snow falls heavily which slows downcommunications during the winter season.
1) Agriculture and Farming:
 
Kurdistan’s
economy
is based mainly on
agriculture
and
livestock
(sheep, goat, cow, and poultry).The tribe communities combine agriculture with the raising of farm animals, because of the suitableclimate and sufficient amounts of rainfall.The Farm animals including Poultry are one of the important sources of income in Kurdistan.Kurdistan highland is the natural habitat for grain and cereal.The
summer crops
such as rice, corn, cotton, beets and sugar beets are produced in large quantities bymeans of irrigation.The Kurdish
Tobacco
is considered of good quality, and is sold throughout the Middle East or deliveredto cigarette factories.The Fruits and vegetables are produced in large quantity.The Thick 
forest
now exists on the rugged mountain slopes and in accessible valleys.The Woodland covers most of the mountainous and hilly countryside.
2) Water Resources in Kurdistan:
Kurdistan’s soil is fertile and rainfall is abundant and there are manyrivers and high mountains, where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers originate.Kurdistan has a tremendous quantity of water resources; it has been described as the heart of the regionbecause almost all of the water supply for the area comes from Kurdistan.These are some of the Rivers in Kurdistan and most them end up outside of Kurdistan:1) The
Euphrates
River 5) The
Khabur
2) The
Tigris
6)
Sirwan and Diyala
 3) The
Great Zab 7) Alwand (Halwan)
 4) The
Lesser Zab
8)
Aras
 
3) Mineral Resources:
 Kurdistan is considered to be rich in mineral resources and these are some of them:1) Iron 4) Lead 7) Uranium2) Coal 5) Magnesium 8) Gold and Silver3) Copper 6) Zinc and Tin 9) Gypsum 10) Chrome
4) Oil Resources:
Kurdistan is very rich in oil resources. The oil fields in Kurdistan include the following:
1-
 
Kurdistan of Iraq:Some of the oil fields are located in
Ain Zala, Kirkuk and Khanaqin.
 Also there are fourteen other fields are known to contain rich oil deposits.
2-
Kurdistan of Iran: The oil fields located near the city of 
kurmanshah.
 
3-
Kurdistan of Turkey: Turkey’s only oil fields are located in the
district of Van.
 
4-
Kurdistan of Syria: Its oil fields are located in the
district of Jezirah
near the Iraq-Turkey border.
of 00

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Hy ,thank you so much . i want to download this book ,because i want to get more information on history of kurdish and kurdistan ,I appreciated if you kindly help me , where can i buy it?

Thank you for reading our book. We appreciate your interest. You can download this book free using this website, there should be a download button. Afterward you can print this "Kurdish History" book. If you want to read more about Kurdish history, you can search the internet to find more books about Kurdish history from many websites like Amazon and Barnes & Noble.

how can I get in touch with you? I need information on Kurdish history and I searched your book online I cannot seem to locate it anywhere. where can I buy one?

Thank you for reading our book. We appreciate your interest. You can download this book free using this website, there should be a download button. Afterward you can print this "Kurdish History" book. If you want to read more about Kurdish history, you can search the internet to find more books about Kurdish history from many publishers like Amazon and Barnes & Noble.

Cant wait to read this

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