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Dec 2008
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Web Design & Development
–
CS506
VU
 
1
Lesson 1JAVA FEATURES
This handout is a traditional introduction to any language features. You might not be able to comprehendsome of the features fully at this stage but don’t worry, you’ll get to know about these as we move on withthe course
Design Goals of Java
The massive growth of the Internet and the World-Wide Web leads us to a completely new way of lookingat development of software that can run on different platforms like Windows, Linux and Solaris etc.
Right Language, Right Time
Java came on the scene in 1995 to immediate popularity.Before that, C and C++ dominated the software development1.
 
compiled, no robust memory model, no garbage collector causes memory leakages, not greatsupport of built in librariesJava brings together a great set of "programmer efficient" features2.
 
Putting more work on the CPU to make things easier for the programmer.
Java – Buzzwords (Vocabulary)
From the original Sun Java whitepaper: "Java is a simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpreted,robust, secure, architecture-neutral, portable, high- performance, multi-threaded, and dynamic language."Here are some original java buzzwords...
Java -- Language + Libraries
Java has two parts...1.
 
The core language -- variables, arrays, objects
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The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) runs the core language
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The core language is simple enough to run on small devices -- phones, smart cards, PDAs.2.
 
The libraries
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Java includes a large collection of standard library classes to provide "off the shelf" code.(Useful built-in classes that comes with the language to perform basic tasks)
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Example of these classes is String, ArrayList, HashMap, StringTokenizer (to break string into substrings), Date ...
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Java programmers are more productive in part because they have access to a large set of standard, well documented library classes.
Simple
Very similar C/C++ syntax, operators, etc.The core language is simpler than C++ -- no operator overloading, no pointers, and no multiple inheritanceThe way a java program deals with memory is much simpler than C or C++.
Object-Oriented
Java is fundamentally based on the OOP notions of classes and objects.Java uses a formal OOP type system that must be obeyed at compile-time and run-time.This is helpful for larger projects, where the structure helps keep the various parts consistent. Contrast toPerl, which has a more
 
anything-goes feel.
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Web Design & Development
–
CS506
VU
 
2
Distributed / Network Oriented
Java is network friendly -- both in its portable, threaded nature, and because common networkingoperations are built-in to the Java libraries.
Robust / Secure / Safe
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Java is very robust
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Both, vs. unintentional errors and vs. malicious code such as viruses.
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Java has slightly worse performance since it does all this checking. (Or put the other way, Ccan be faster since it doesn't check anything.)
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The JVM "verifier" checks the code when it is loaded to verify that it has the correct structure --that it does not use an uninitialized pointer, or mix int and pointer types. This is one-time "static"analysis -- checking that the code has the correct structure without running it.
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The JVM also does "dynamic" checking at runtime for certain operations, such as pointer and arrayaccess, to make sure they are touching only the memory they should. You will write code that runsinto
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As a result, many common bugs and security problems (e.g. "buffer overflow") are not possible in java. The checks also make it easier to find many common bugs easy, since they are caught by theruntime checker.
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You will generally never write code that fails the verifier, since your compiler is smart enough toonly generate correct code. You will write code that runs into the runtime checks all the time asyou debug -- array out of bounds, null pointer.
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Java also has a runtime Security Manager can check which operations a particular piece of code isallowed to do. As a result, java can run un-trusted code in a "sandbox" where, for example, it candraw to the screen but cannot access the local file system.
Portable
"Write Once Run Anywhere", and for the most part this works.Not even a recompile is required -- a Java executable can work, without change, on any Java enabledplatform.
Support for Web and Enterprise Web Applications
Java provides an extensive support for the development of web and enterprise applicationsServlets, JSP, Applets, JDBC, RMI, EJBs and JSF etc. are some of the Java technologies thatcan be used for the above mentioned purposes.
High-performance
The first versions of java were pretty slow.Java performance has gotten a lot better with aggressive just-in-time-compiler (JIT) techniques.
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