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Non-Equilibrium Systemsand Irreversible Processes
Adventures in Applied TopologyVol. 2
Falaco Solitons, Cosmology,and the Arrow of Time
from a Perspective of Continuous Topological Evolution
.
R. M. Kiehn
Emeritus Professor of PhysicsUniversity of Houstonc
°
Copyright CSDC INC. 2004December 29, 2004
 
2
 
CONTENTS
0.1 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.2 Points of Departure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.4 Monograph Site Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1 Falaco Solitons 15
1.1 Cosmic Strings in a Swimming Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.1.1 The Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.2 Falaco Solitons and Dynamical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.2.1 Bifurcations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241.2.2 Projective Fluctuations and dynamical systems . . . . 251.2.3 Clues from the Hopf Map and Hopf vectors. . . . . . . 301.2.4 The bifurcation to Falaco Solitons . . . . . . . . . . . 391.3 Falaco Solitons in exact solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations. 421.3.1 Saddle-Node: Hopf and Falaco bifurcations . . . . . . 441.3.2 Hysteresis-Hopf and Falaco bifurcations . . . . . . . . 451.3.3 Transcritical Hopf and Falaco Bifurcations . . . . . . . 471.3.4 Minimal Surface Hopf and Falaco Bifurcations . . . . 491.4 Falaco Solitons as Landau Ginsburg structures in micro andmesoscopic systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.6 Some Anecdotal History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2 Cosmology and the Non Equilibrium Van der Waals gas 59
2.1 Cosmic Strings and Wheeler Wormholes . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.2 A Cosmological Conjecture based on Continuous TopologicalEvolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612.2.1 Landau’s argument for interactions of 
fl
uctuations . . 642.2.2 The Universe as a Turbulent van der Waals Gas nearthe Critical Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
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