Embed Doc
Copy Link
Readcast
Collections

CommentGo Back

Download

pma&;ol\trSm,aeUxkwfa0aeMuonfh0w¦Kpmtkyfrsm;wGiftrSmodkUr[kwfpum;csD;?ed'gef;rsm;xnfhoGif;avhr&dSMuyg/xnfhonfrSmvnf;tvGefenf;ygonf/umvay:0w¦Krsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzifhtaysmfzwf 0w¦Kpmayrsm;jzpfMuí pum;csD;?ed'gef;odk Yr[kwf trSmpmrsm;xnfh&efrvdkyg/odkUaomfþpmtkyfwGifrltrSmrxnfhírjzpfyg/xnf h&ygvdrfhrnf/rxnfhcJhvQifþ0w¦Kudkpwifzwf½Ií oHk;av;rsufESmavmuf a&mufonfESifh]]yefcsmyD-ykvdyf}}[laoma0g[m&udkvnf;aumif;Zmwfaumif wdkUajymqdkonfhpum;xJwGif ukvm;pum;yg&dSonf udkvnf;aumif;?awGY&dS&onfhtcgzwf½IolwdkY\pdwfxJwGif b,fvdk0w¦KvJ?]]onf[mawGb,frSm&dSvdkYvJ}}[k Za0Z0gjzpf rdMuayvdrfhrnf/trSefrSmþ0w¦KtpysdK;onfhtcsdefumvonf,aeUr[kwfyg/ppfBudKacwf u jzpfygonf/wdwdususqdk&vQifvGefYcJhonf h36ESpfausmfrQtcsdefu jzpfygonf/pifppftm;jzihf þ0w¦Konfpmtkyftjzpf ,ckrSyxrtBudrf xGufvmjcif;jzpfaomfvnf;þ0w¦KrSmvGefcJhonf h36ESpfuowif;pmxJwGifaeYpOf az:jycJhaom0w¦K&Snfwpfyk'fjzpfygonf xdktcsdefujrefrmEdkifiHrSmudkvdkeDe,fcsJYwdk Y\vufatmufwGif&dSaecJhao;onf/xdkpOfu&efukefNrdKYonfudkvdkeDe,fcsJYwdkY\½Hk;pdkuf&molwdkY\aemufvdkufaemufygwdkYrDSwif;aexdkif&mjzpfcJhonf/wenf;qdk&aomf&efukefNrdKY\vlOD;a&teuf jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm;xuftdEd´,wdkif;wpfyg;om;wdkYursm;jym;cJhavonftkyfcsKyfa&;ESifhpD;yGm;a&;wGifolwdkYvlrsdK;rsm;uvTrf;rdk;cJhonf/xdkYaMumifh ]]&efukefom;}}rSefvQifukvm;pum;ukdtenf;ESifhtrsm;ajymwwfMu&avonf/xdkodkYajymwwfrSvnf;a&mif;a&;0,fwmESifhtjcm;aomvkyfief;qufoG,frIwdkYrSmtqifajyavonf xdktcsdefutrIxrf;rsm;rSma*:&mpmoifESihfyefcsmyDykvdyfawGomrsm;Muonf/olwdkYudkjynfolwdkYurkef;cJhMuonf/xdkYaMumifh þ0w¦KwGif yefcsmyDykvdyfyg&dSaejcif; jzpfayonf/0w¦Kwpfae&mwGif ]]ESpfaumifwGJ}} jrif;avmif;jcif;udkawGY&ayvdrfhrnf/xdktcsdefu ]]oHk;aumifwGJ}}ray:ao;acs/ jrif;avmif;olrsm;ESifh jrif;orm;rsm;onf ppfNyD;acwfjrif;avmif ;olrsm; jrif;orm;rsm;avmuf]]ynm}}rMuG,f0Muao;acs/xdktcguESpfaumifwG JudkyifrdatmifrwGJEdkifonfhtywfrsm;&dScJhovdkvufrSwfwpfapmifudkaiGESpfaomif;ausmfavsmfaiG&aom]]emwmvD;,m;ESifhpdefcif}}wdkYvdktwGJrsm;vnf;&dScJhonf/ppfNyD;acwfwGifum; jrif;&nf0aeMuojzifh ]]oHk;aumifwGJ}}vkyf ay;&onfhtxdjzpfvmcJhavonf/avsmfaiGrSmwpf&myifrjynfhonfhtcgrsm;yif &dScJhonf/wpfae&mwGif{'Gufbk&if xdyfajymifBuD;ESifh'*Fg;udkawGY&rnf/xdkacwfuaiG'*Fg;udkyJoHk;pGJMuonf/'*Fg;rsm;rSmvnf;0dwdk&d,bk&ifryHk/{'Gufbk&ifyHk/a*smhbk&ifyHkwdkYygaomqmygNrdwfxHk; -a0vmpojzifhac:a0:aom'*Fg;rsm;jzpfonf/'*Fg;rsm;udkydóav;ay:wGifwD;cwf í vnf;aumif;?vufrjzifhawmufMunfhívnf;aumif;toHomrSvufcHMuonf/0w¦KZmwfvrf;wnfaqmuf&m jzpfaomtif;pdefNrdKYrSmvnf;xdkpOfu,ckavmufrBuD;rm;rus,fjyefYao;acs/tif;pdef&GmruvGefvQifawmydkif;odkYa&muf aeNyD;vlaetdrfajcenf ;yg;vsuf &dSaeao;onf/wpfae&mrSwpf ae&modkYoGm;vm&efbwfpfum;r&dS/oGm;vdkygvQifudk,fydkifum;r&dSygujrif;vSnf;?vefjcm;ESifhajcaxmufudkomtm;udk;Mu&avonf/þrQBudKwifajymMum;xm;vQifjzifhþ0w¦Kudkzwf&mwGif[dkYES,fonfhES,fawG;awmxpfaighraebJacsmarmpGmzwf EdkifMuvdrfhrnf[karQmfvifhygonf/xdkYaMumifhþtrSmudk a&;vdkuf&jcif; jzpfygonf/&Tifvef;Muygap/Z0e1974? Edk0ifbm 25&uf/½kyf&SifZmwfum;BuD;NyD;qHk;í rD;vHk;rsm;xdefxdef vif;vmonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf½kyf&SiftuJjzwf qifqmvlBuD;rsm;ESif howif;pmq&mrsm;onf OD;cifarmifBuD;xHodkYvma&muf0dkif;0ef;umwpf a,mufwpfcGef;csD;rGef;rqHk;EdkifbJ&dSMuavonf/wpfcsdKYuvnf;OD;cifarmifBuD;\vufudkqGJívIyfumt*FvdyfbmomjzifhcsD;usL;pum;ajymMum;Muavonf/]]uGef*&ufusLav;&Sif ;OD;cifarmif?cifAsm;Zmwfum;uawmhjzifh½kyf&Sif &mZ0ifrSmrSwfwrf;wif&r,fhum;wpfum;ygyJAsm/tcktcgrSmawmhZmwfum;tpkwftEkyfuav;

awGuawmif&mZ0ifrSwfwrf;wifap&r,f/taemufEdkifiHZmwfum;awGeJYycHk;csif;,SOfr,fqdkw Jhpum;awGudkajymaeMuavawmhcifAsm;&JUZmwfum;[mwu,frSwf wrf;wifxdkufw,fvdkYuRefawmfajym&wmawmifcyfayghayghjzpfaeao;w,f/tJ'gaMumifhb,fvdkcsD;rGef;&rSef;awmif uRefawmfrodawmhbl;}}]]trSefygyJAsm?'DvdkZmwfum;rsdK;ray:bl;ao;ygbl;/toHxGuf½kyf&SifZmwf um;wpfum;taeeJYtzufzufutEkynmeJY jynfh0wmrdkY?tjypfqdkvdkYwpfuGufrSajymp&mr&dSygbl;/usKyfjzifhMunfh&if;Munfh&if;tar&duef½kyf&SifZmwfum;awGeJUawmifrSm;rdao;w,f/aemufNyD;'g½dkufwif;rSmvnf;cifAsm;½dkufcJhorQZmwfum;awGxJrSm'DZmwfum;[mtaooyfqHk;?tyd&dqHk;?taumif;qHk;yJqdkygawmhav}}cifarmifBuD;uxdkodk YcsD;rGef;vmolwdkYtm;aus;Zl;wifaMumif; jyefíajym½HkrSwpfyg; pum;udk&Snf&SnfrajymbJNyHK;NyHK;BuD;omvkyfaevdkufavonf/olonf xdkodkYcsD;usL;ajymqdkMuonfh pum;rsm;udkMum;&jcif;aMumifh0rf;rajrmufvSay/xdkZmwfum;udkqifqmrwif rDuyifrdrdZmwfum;rSmrnfrQaumif;onfudkrdrdudk,fwdkifod½dSNyD;om;jzpfaeonfhtwGufxdkodkYcsD;usL;ajymqdkMuonfhpum;rsm;onf olYtzdkYrxl;jcm;bJ&dSaeavonf avmavmq,ftm;jzifhcifarmifBuD;\pdwftm½Hkrsm;onf½kyf&Sif½HktjyifzufwGif&yfvsuf½kyf&Sifrif;orD;cifjr&DESifhpum;ajymaeaom ola|;OD;atmifñGefYtay:üompl;pdkufaeayonf/olonf ola|;OD;atmifñGefYudkomrMumrMumpdkufíMunfhrdumrdrdtm;pum;ajymaeolwdkYudkomjrefjrefxGufcGmoGm;Muapvdkrday\/olonfola|;OD;atmifñGefYuolawmif;xm;onfhaiGESpfaxmifudkxdkaeYqifqmtjyD;wGifay;ygrnf[kuwday;xm;onfhtwdkif;xdkaiGudk&zdkY&efomvQifta&;BuD;aeavonf/odkYjzpfíolonf rdrdtm;csD;usL;onfhpum;rsm;udkta&;rpdkufEdkifbJOD;atmifñGefYvGwfí oGm;rnfudkompdk;&drfrdayonf/cifarmifBuD;onftouf28ESpfrQom&dSao;aomfvnf;½kyf&SifEdkifiHwGiftxl;xif&Sm;vsuftrsm;\Munfñdkcspfcif jcif;cH&olwpfOD;jzpf\/xdkYjyif olonf0ifaiGtrsm;qHk;aom'g½dkufwmwpfa,muf vnf; jzpfayonf/jrefrm½kyf &Sif Zmwfum;rsm;udkynmÚmPf tajr§mftjrifBuD;rm;aomyk*¾dKvfwpfpkwdkYupwifwDxGifvdkufNyD;onfhaemuf½kyf&SifZmwfum;rsm;acwfpm;ívm&mwGif ½kyf&SifukrÜPDuav;rsm;rdIvkdaygufvmMuNyD;bmt&nftcsif;rQr&dSoluvnf;'g½dkufwmvkyfaiGtenf ;xkwfEdkifoluola|;tac:cHcyfysHysHcyfysuf ysufxJurif;orD;jzpfESif hjrefrmh½kyf&Sifvkyf ief;rSm*sDydk;wdkY\tvkyfyrmtxiftjrifao;jcif ;udkcHcJh&ay\/odkYjzpfícifarmif BuD;onf½kyf&Sifavmuudk jr§ifhwifrnf[laomt"dXmefjzifhaumvdyfausmif;wGifynmoifqJrSmyif½kyf&Sifynmudkavhvmqnf;yl;umowif;pmrsm;rSaeí jrefrm½kyf&SifZmwf um;rsm;udka0zefa&;om;vmcJh\/xdkodkYa0zefa&;om;jcif;udktaMumif; jyKí½kyf&SifukrÜPDBuD;rsm;\av;pm;jcif;?todtrSwfjyKjcif;udkcHcJh&umtquftoG,fjzpfvmcJh\/þwGifcifarmifBuD;onfwuúodkvfynmudkyif NyD;qHk;atmifroifawmhbJ½kyf&SifEdkifiHxJodk Y0ifa&mufcJhav&m?awmf½Hkwef½Hk½kyf&Sif'g½dkuf wmqdkvQifrMunfñdkcsifMuaomfvnf;cifarmifBuD;rSmrlol\tajymtqdktaetxdkif rSpít&m&mwGiftda`E´odu©m&dSjcif;?tajr§mfjrifBuD;jrifhípdwful;ÚmPf&ifhoefjcif;wdkYaMumifhtrsm;\av;pm;rIudkcH,l&onfhjyifol½dkufcJhorQaomZmwfum;rsm;rSmtqifhtwef;jrifhoavmuf0ifaiGvnf;aumif;ojzifh½kyf&SifukrÜPDydkif&Sifrsm;uygMunfñdktm;xm;jcif;udkcHcJh&ay\/rsm;pGmaom½kyf&SifZmwfum;wdkYrSmemrnf&rif;om;?rif;orD;wdkYuo,fíoGm;jcif;aMumifhMunfh½Iolrsm;Mujcif; jzpf\/cifarmifBuD;½dkuful;aomZmwfum;rsm;rSmrlZmwfvrf;\aumif;jcif;?'g½dkufwm\toiftjyaumif;jcif;wdk YaMumifhrif;om;?rif;orD;opf rsm;onfyifcPcsif;emrnfausmfMum;cJhMu&av&m?cifarmifMuD;½dkuful;onfhZmwfum;rSefvQifyg0ifo½kyf faqmifvdkMuoltvGefrsm;vSay\/odkY&mwGifcifarmifBuD;uolYZmwfum;rsm;wGif rif;om;?rif;orD;udk½kyfacsmwdkif;vSwdkif;roHk;ay/rdrd\ZmwfwGifEdkifeif;pGmujyo½kyfaqmifEdkifrnfht&nftcsif;&dSonf[krdrd\pdwfxJu,HkMunfxm;olwdkYudkomvQif&SmazGítoHk;csavh&dSayonf/odkYjzifhcifarmif BuD;onf rdrdtm;csD;usL;ajymaeMuaomqifqmvlBuD;rsm;ESif howif;pmq&mrsm;\pum;rsm;atmifhtD;onf;cHíem;axmifae&mrSaemufwpfBudrfvSnfhMunfhvdkufaomtcgO

D;atmifñGefYr&dSawmhbJcifjr&Dwpfa,mufwnf;udkomawGY&awmhonfhtwGuf xdkolwdkYudkawmif;yefícGJxGufumcifjr&DxHodkYcyfjrefjref avQmufí vmcJhav\/cifjr&DonfcifarmifBuD;udk jrifvQifNyHK;&TifMunf omtc&mydkaomrsufESm jzifhtem;odkYuyfvmNyD;vQif ]]q&m-q&mwdkYrsm;olaX;u'DZmwfum;udkoabmusw,fqdkwmeJYaemuf xyfabmeyfpfawGbmawG&OD;rSmjrifvdkY?jrwdkYudkawmifrjrifcsifa,mifaqmifaewmayghav}} [kusDpm;ovdkajymvkdufav\/cifarmifBuD;onfrif;orD;rsm;ESifhta&mw0ifvkyfavhr&dS/pum;ajymonfhtcgüvnf; £a`E´&pGmajymavh&dSonfhtwkdif;cifjr&Du&,farmíajymonfhwdkifatmifolurlrsufESmxm;wnfMunf pGmjzifh ]]abmeyfpf&wmr&wmxm;prf;ygOD;?olaX;qDu t&if wpfywfxJuawmif;xm;wJhaiGESpfaxmif 'DaeY&r,fqdkvdkYapmifhaewm tckolb,fxGufajy;NyDvJrodbl;}} [kjyefí ajymvdkufav\/]]aMomf OD;av;urSmoGm;w,f?NyD;&if NcHxJudkvdkufcJhygwJh?qifqmvlBuD;awGeJYMumMumpum;ajymae&&if olwdkY om;orD;awG?aqGawG rsdK;awGwpfNyHKwpfacgif;BuD;twGuf ½kyf&SifvufrSwfawGtvum;ay;ae&rSmpdk;vdkYa&Smifajy;oGm;w,f}}cifarmifBuD;upum;rajymbJawGa0íaeojzifhcifjr&D u xyfí qufajymjyef\/]]q&m[modyftoHk;tpGJBuD;wmudk;q&mhavmufaiG&wmvnf; r&dSbl;?ukefvkdufwmvnf;vGefa&myJ? tJ'gom;r,m;r&dSvdkY'Dvdkjzpfaewmayghq&m&JY}}odkY&mwGif cifarmifBuD;onf cifjr&Dtm;wpfcGef;wyg'rSpum;jyefírajymbJ?½HkxJrSxGufoGm;av&m?cifjr&DrSmtHhtm;oifhvsufusef&pfav\/tjcm;'g½dkufwmrsm;omqdkvQif cifjr&Donf aemufuG,f&müwHawG;axG;vsuf rJh&GJUjyrnf jzpfaomfvnf;cifarmifBuD;udkum;Munfñdk&if;pGJ&dSaom q&mwpfa,muf jzpfonfh twGuf ai;íomMunfhaerdav\/½kyf&Sif½Hka&SY&dSvloGm;vrf;wpfavQmufwGif rsm;pGmaomolwdkUonf aysmf&TifpGmoGm;vmvQuf &dSMuaomfvnf;olwdkYtMum;wGif awGYjrifae&aomcifarmifBuD;\rsufESmrSmrlom,mMunfvifjcif;uif;rJhvsuf&dSay\/aqmif;&moD\eHeufcif ;onf yGifhvif;om,mvsuf&dSNyD;azsmhEkaomaejcnfatmufwGif oGm;vmaeMuolwdkYtm;ajrmufjyefavajyuav;ua0SYwdkufvQuf&dSav&mrsm;pGmaomolwdkYrSm tyltyifuif;pifonfhrsufESmjzifh&dSMuav\/ ,if;odkYMunfvif&TifNyHK;aom rsufESmrsm;jzifhwpfa,muftem;wpfa,muf yl;uyfumoGm;vmae MuaomcspfpcifpZeD;armifESHrsm;ESifhorD;&nf;pm;rsm;udkawGY&onfhtcgcifarmifBuD;\rsufESmrSm omíyif r&TifEdkifbJ &dSav\/cifarmifBuD;uJhodkYtvkyftudkif ae&musvsuf tppt&m&mwGif atmifjrifaeolwpfOD;wpfa,mufonf ,ckvdk vlwum\csD;usL;Mobmay;jcif;udk cHae&csdefwGif rsm;pGmaysmf&Tifrdrnf jzpfaomfvnf;cifarmifBuD;taejzifhraysmf&TifbJ&dSaejcif;rSm cifjr&D(ac:) jrjr ajymovdkMuifaz:rJhí aeaomaMumifhvm;[kpOf;pm; p&m&dSay\/odkY&mwGif jrjr,lqovdkom;r,m;r&dSí aiGtoHk;tpGJBuD;rm;umtukeftusrsm;jcif;aMumifh raysmf&Tifjcif;rjzpfEdkifay/ ,ckvdkatmifjrifrI&aecsdefwGif rdrdESifhtwlaysmf&Tif&rnfholr&dSjcif; (ac:)wpfukd,fa& wpfum,wnf;jzpfvQuf cspfoluif;rJhaejcif;aMumifh,ckvdkpHkwGJETJaysmf oGm;vmaeMuolrsm;udk jrif&jcif;onf rdrdtm; oa&mfí aeMuouJhodkYxifjrifcHpm;&ojzifhr&Tifvef;EdkifbJ&dS&jcif;omvQif jzpfzG,f&m&dSayonf/ tu,fíomcifarmifBuD;ücspfol&nf;pm; odkYr[kwf Muifoloufxm;&dScJhygrl? xdkcspfolxHrSMum;&onfh csD;rGrf;pum;rsm;onf qifqmvlBuD;aygif;axmifaomif;ru0dkif;0ef; csD;rGrf;onfxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGmcifarmifBuD; tm;0rf;omaprnf jzpfay\/cifarmifMuD;\a&SYwGif awGYjrif&orQrdef;rysdKav;wdkif;rSmwGJbufudk,fpDESifh&dSMuNyD;¤if;wdkYtMum;rSEkxGm; 0if;yvQuf ykvJ vnfqGJuav;wpfuHk;udkqGJxm;onfhrdef;rysdKuav;wpfOD;om taz:rygwpfudk,fwnf; jzpfonfudkawGY&av\/cifarmifBuD;onf xdkrdef;rysdKuav;udk Munfhvdkuf&mwGif rdrdqDodkYvmaeonf udk awGY&av\/rdef;rysdKuav;udkMunhf&onfrSmxdkae&mudktcgrsm;pGm ra&mufbl;ojzifhtxl;tqef;awGudkawGYjrifae&ouJhodkY[kd[kd'D'DvSnfhvnf Munfh½IaeyHk&ay\/cifarmifBuD;rSm½kyf&Sifrif;orD;tacsmtvSawGudk