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The Use of Biodegradable Ceramic as a Bone Implant Material,
Accession Number: ADA026061Corporate Author: ARMY INST OF DENTAL RESEARCH WASHINGTON D C Personal Author(s): Levin, Marvin P.; Getter, Lee; Cutright, Duane E.Report Date: 1976 Pagination or Media Count: 14
Abstract: Researchers in the past have attempted to find a more accessible material tostimulate osseous regeneration. They have placed many kinds of organic and inorganicmaterials in bone defects. Reports characterizing ceramic materials as nontoxic, non-allergenic, and non-carcinogenic stimulated USAIDR researchers
to investigate thebiodegradable ceramics. The research has been performed through multidisciplinary,carefully planned studies which began in rats and has progressed through subhumanprimates to an investigation in humans. The following short descriptive series of studiesdocuments the successful end results and human application of this new biodegradablematerial.
Descriptors:
*CERAMIC MATERIALS, *SURGICAL IMPLANTATION, RATS, HUMANS, CALCIUMCOMPOUNDS, DOGS, RHESUS MONKEYS, PHOSPHATES, BONES, DENTALIMPLANTOLOGY, TEETH, BIODETERIORATION, TIBIA.
Subject Categories: MEDICINE AND MEDICAL RESEARCH Distribution Statement: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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Biodegradable Ceramic?
A biodegradable therapeutic implant material having a bimodal degradation profilemade from a biodegradable polymer having a biodegradable ceramic substantiallyuniformly distributed therein is provided. Preferably the material is nonporous (fullydense). Methods of using the materials of this invention for healing of defects inbone, cartilage, and other tissues are also provided. Methods of making suchtherapeutic implant materials are also provided including the steps of preparing thepolymer in uncured form
, mixing particles of a biodegradable ceramic into saidpolymer, and applying heat and pressure to the mixture to produce a substantiallynonporous, cohesive implant material. Methods of making porous implants bydissolving out the biodegradable ceramic materials <i>in vivo</i> or <i>in vitro</i>are also provided as are the porous implant themselves.
Rapid Prototyping with Ceramic
RPMI Projects
Rapid prototyping and manufacturing is an incredibly varied and excitingarea. Opportunities abound. During the past year, our members and facultyhave refocused our efforts on four main areas: Rapid Tooling, RapidInspection and Computer-Aided Verification (CAV), RPM within ProductRealization, and Alternative Applications of SLA. Additionally, new projectsin surface finish and machining have also begun.
Rapid Tooling
Rapid prototyping technologies are increasingly being used to fabricatepatterns and tools for making parts in end-use materials. Rapid tooling wasthe first focus area for the RPMI and continues to generate the most interestin industry.
By utilizing both high-pressure/high-temperature polymer injection molding and low-pressure/low-temp powder injection molding, wecan fabricate parts in a variety of polymers, metals, and ceramics! Our projects this year span fundamental studies of molding and materialbehavior to polishing and curing SLA parts.
Polishing and Post Build Cure of Stereo lithography InjectionMolds
Post-processing of SLA parts and molds remains a time-consuming andsomewhat problematic necessity. Typically, SLA parts and molds must bepost-cured in a UV “oven” for 1 - 1.5 hours. After that, sanding, filing, andpolishing are often necessary to produce nice surfaces. Researchperformed by Bryan Blair, led by Dr. Jon Colton, studied both the post-cureand polishing of SLA parts and molds. Bryan graduated with his MSMEdegree in Spring 1998.Current SLA technology is limited in surface roughness and finish by the
thickness of each layer, which is approximately 127 microns (0.005 inches).Smooth surfaces of SLA parts and molds are critical to producing parts ininjection molding. An average roughness of 1.27 microns (50 micro-inches)is required. The best surfaces that Bryan achieved in his work hadroughness’s consistently under 20-microinches. For polishing with anabrasive, results indicate the use of 500 -1200 grit. For polishing bypumping abrasive pastes, a viscoelastic media such as borax/glue mixturesmixed with 30-micron abrasive. A pressure of 600 psi should be used. Thiswork indicates that an automated polishing device could be made that wouldquickly finish SLA parts and molds.The UV energy imparted by the SLA laser does not fully cure the resin inparts. Because of this, it is necessary to post-cure SLA parts. This researchinvestigated two modes of post-cure: the conventional UV chamber andthermal post-curing. Mold hardness will vary according to the degree of cure, and a more fully cured part is harder. Therefore, it is hypothesized thata greater degree of cure will result in molds that can produce more partsbefore failure. DSC (differential scanning Calorimeter) tests indicate thateven parts that were cured 1.6 hours in the UV chamber still had someuncured material. A series of DSC tests were performed on various SLAparts and material samples after just UV curing or both UV and thermalcuring. As a result of this work, a thermal cure at 150 degrees C for 30minutes is recommended. Results also show that improved surface finishesare possible with parts that are thermally cured.
The Effect of Rapid Tooling on Final Product Properties
The development of a plastic part frequently involves several prototypeiterations. Production of these prototypes with conventional metal toolingoften results in high costs and long lead-times. A group of materials andprocesses known as rapid tooling can produce a limited number of prototypes faster and more economically than conventional tooling.However, the differences in the material properties of conventional and rapidtooling result in mechanical property differences in the final plastic parts.In order to understand the reasons underlying this phenomenon, the effectof mold material on the tensile and flexural properties of two polystyrenestereoisomer molded in H13 steel, fiber-reinforced epoxy, and backfilledstereo lithography (SL) tools were compared.When molded in backfilledSL and fiber-reinforced epoxy molds, both isomers exhibited an average of
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The Use of Biodegradable Ceramic as a Bone Implant
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| Upload Date: | 06/09/2009 |
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