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PRINCIPLES OF FLUID &PRINCIPLES OF FLUID &ELECTROLYTE BALANCE INELECTROLYTE BALANCE INSURGICAL PATIENTSSURGICAL PATIENTS
 
 
NORMAL DAILY LOSSES ANDNORMAL DAILY LOSSES ANDREQUIREMENTS FOR FLUIDS ANDREQUIREMENTS FOR FLUIDS ANDELECROLYTESELECROLYTES 
VolumeVolumeNa+ K+Na+ K+MLMLmmol mmolmmol mmol
UrineUrine2000200080 6080 60
Insensible losses 700Insensible losses 700- -- -
Faeces 300Faeces 300- 10- 10
Minus endogenous 300Minus endogenous 300- -- -
WaterWater
Total 2700Total 270080 7080 70
 
 
ASSESSING LOSSES IN THEASSESSING LOSSES IN THESURGICAL PATIENTSURGICAL PATIENT 
INSENSIBLE FLUID LOSSESINSENSIBLE FLUID LOSSES
EFFECT OF SURGERYEFFECT OF SURGERY
The stress responseThe stress response ‘ ‘Third-Space’ lossesThird-Space’ lossesLoss from the gastrointestinal tractLoss from the gastrointestinal tract
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