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VECTORS

THE CONCEPT OF VECTORS

a
A i- AB = a
~

ii- BA = AB = a ------negative vector


~

(opposite direction)

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF VECTORS -Tambah / tolak coefficient bagi two parallel vectors - Two Non-parallel vectors 1. Triangle law 2. Parallelogram law - Three or more vectors---Polygon law - AB CD = AB + (CD ) - Tambah/tolak ikut komponen ( a dengan a dan b dengan b) - Darab/bahagi ---darabkan/bahagikan semua komponen dengan scalar

VECTORS IN A CARTESIAN PLANE

x - i+ y j y or x ~ ~
- Jika soalan guna y , jawapan mesti dalam y dan

x
~

jika soalan guna x i + y j , jawapan mesti dalam


~

iii-

AB ---- magnitude of AB
~

x i + y j ....kecuali dinyatakan dalam kehendak soalan


~ ~

Zero vector, 0 :A vector with zero magnitude - Equal Vectors: Two vectors are equal if and only if they have the same magnitude and same direction. - Multiplying a vector by a scalar, k a
~

r = x i+ y j
~ ~ ~

Magnitude: r =
~

x + y2
2

i- k positive -- same direction ii- k negativeopposite direction - Parallel Vectors:

Unit vector : r =
~

r
~

x i+ y j
~ ~

r
~

x + y2
2

a = b if and only if a and b are parallel


~ ~ ~ ~

***Boleh guna konsep same gradients ** if h a = k b , a and b are not parallel


~ ~ ~ ~

then h = k = 0 ***Collinear (segaris) --- parallel and common point

**** Ingat - Di mana kita bermula dan berakhir. Gunakan laluan yang sesuai dan memenuhi kehendak soalan. - Hati-hati dengan ratio yang diberikan. - Patuhi kehendak soalan. - Hati-hati semasa proses + / / /

x r = y ~
Magnitude : r =
~

x2 + y2
x x2 + y2 y 1

Unit vector : r =
~

r
~

r
~

- Tambah/tolak ikut komponen ( i dengan id an j dengan j) - Darab/bahagi ---darabkan/bahagikan semua komponen dengan scalar

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