1 9 4 6 -1 9 5 1 ,a n d th e U k ra in ia n S tu d ie s In s titu tea t H a rv a rd U n iv e rs ity .

h is to rio g ra p h y , a rc h e o lo g ya n d g e n e a \u00ad lo g y ; a b o u t1 0 0 o f h is w o rk s are yet to b e p u b lis h e d .H e w a s a ls oth e e d ito ro f th e

c re a te d C o m m o n w e a lth o f In d e p e n d e n t S ta te s d is a g re e d o n th e is s u eo f m ilita ry fo rc e s d u rin g th e ir F e b ru a ry1 4 su m m it m e e tin gi n M in s k , B e la ru s .

d e fe n s e fo rc e sfo r th e n e w ly in d e p e n d \u00ad e n t s ta te s , w h ile B e la ru sh a s e x p re s s e d c o n s titu tio n a l re s e rv a tio n s a b o u ta com m on

A ta n e w s c o n fe re n c e fo llo w in g e ig h t h o u rso f p riv a te ta lk s a m o n g le a d e rso f th e

th a t partso f that fleeta s wella s m erchant fle e ts w e re s e c re tly b e in g s o ldo ff, n o te d th e R a d io F re e E u ro p e /R a d io L ib e rty D a ily

liv e w ith o u t." H e n o te d th a t " th e illn e sse s in th e s ta te s o f th e C o m m o n w e a lth a reth e sam e,a n d w e m ust unite to treat them ."

M r. S h u s h k e v ic h fu rth e r s ta te d ih a t B e la ru sis o n e o f th e s ta te s th a tis n o t in te re s te d

b e in g , B e la ru s ,U - k ra in e , M o ld o v aa n d A z e rb a ija n : c o n \u00ad tin u et o p a rtic ip a tei n a u n ifie d m ilita ry .

c u rre n c y ,a s re p o rte d in th e F e b ru a ry1 8 issu e o f th e F in a n c ia l T im e so f L o n d o n .

fin a n c ia l re a lity c re a te di n U k ra in eb y th e tra n s \u00ad fo rm a tio n

"A head of schedule and unannouncec, th e U k ra in ia n g o v e rn m e n th a s in effect g iv e n b irth to a new n a tio n a l c u rre n c y th a t m a k e sth e g ro w in g

ra tio n tic k e tsi n o rd e rt o b lo c kth e sa le o f fo o da n d o th e r s c a rc e g o o d sto n o n - U k ra in ia n s , p a rtic u la rly R u s s ia n s , w ho w e re c ro s s in gth e b o rd e r tob u yg o o d sa t lo w e r p ric e s . U k ra in ia n

in e a c hp a y p a c k e t;th e ra tio n in g c o u \u00ad p o n s w e re m e a n t to be u s e d a lo n g w ith ru b le s .

U k ra in ia n g o v e rn m e n t s to p p e d p a y in g s a la rie s e n tire lyi n ru b le s ,a n d fo o da n d o th e r s c a rc e g o o d si n s ta te s to re s b e g a n t o

b e in g p a id in c o u p o n s a n d a g ro w in g lis to f p ro d u c tsa re n o w p ric e d in c o u p o n s .B y th e e n d o f th is m o n th

U k ra in ia n o ffic ia ls a c k n o w le d g e th a t th e c o u p o n s h a v e n o w b e c o m e ,i n e ffe c t, th e U k ra in ia n n a tio n a l c u rre n c y , e a s in g th e w ay for the o ffic ia l in tro d u c tio no f

" In o rd e r to h a v e a tru ly d e m o c ra tic s ta te , we m ust also have an econom y th a t

th e m e d ia w ith th e g o a ls a n d o b je c tiv e s o f th e

U k ra in e c a n n o t e m e rg e a s a d e m o c ra tic s ta te o n th e

le n k o , d ire c to r o f th e s e c re ta ria t o f th is organization, as w ella s V asyl Y evtukhov a n d

d is tin c tio n b e tw e e n a p a rty a n d a m o v e m e n t," s a id M r. Y e v tu k h o v , w h o is a ls o th e c h a ir\u00ad m an

C o m m itte e on D evelopm ent of the Basic Branches o f N a tio n a l E c o n o m y .

s o c ia l m o v e m e n t's ta s k is to h e lp s ta b iliz e th e s itu a tio n in th e

m o v e m e n t," a d d e d M r. F ile n k o , e x p la in in g th a t th e governm ent of L eonid K ravchukis now o n ly fo rm in g . " O n c e iti s fo rm e d ,w e w ill be able to

c o m p e titio n to R u k h , th e P o p u la r M o v e m e n t o f U k ra in e . " W ith th e p r o \u00ad c la m a tio n

tra d e unions, business associations, civic o rg a n iz a tio n s ,

S h c h e rb a k , C h a irm a n o f th e P a rlia m e n t's C o m m it\u00ad te e o n F in a n c e V o lo d y m y r P y ly p c h u k , a s w e ll a s V o lo d y m y r L a n o v y , m in is te r o f p riv a tiz a tio n .

establishm ent of a joint CIS s p o rts c o u n c il a n d d is p o s itio n o f p ro \u00ad p e rty

U S S R , re p o rte d R F E /R L . D ocum ents w ere signed also o n

e c o n o m ic m a tte rs . O n e s u c h a g re e m e n t s tip u la te s th a t

s o le m o n e ta ry u n it fo r fin a n c ia l o p e ra tio n s th ro u g h o u t

b u t th a t re p u b lic s a re fre e to in tro d u c e th e ir own currencies.

19 at a press conference in K iev, President K ravchuk asserted that R us\u00ad s ia n P re s id e n t Y e lts in h a d n o

rig h t to n e g o tia te s tra te g ic a rm s c u ts o n b e h a lf o f th e C o m m o n w e a lth o f In d e p e n d e n t

States. M r. K ravchuk em phasized that th e fo u r fo rm e r S o v ie t re p u b lic s w ith n u c le a r w e a p o n s a ll s h o u ld ta k e p a rt in ta lk s w ith th e U n ite d S ta te s .

" I w o u ld h a v e th is c o m m e n t: y o u c a n c u t o n ly th e fo rc e s y o u h a v e ," R e u te rs q u o te d

president as saying. "If he (Y eltsin)i s speaking about th e s tra te g ic a rm e d fo rc e s o f th e e n tire C o m m o n w e a lth , h e h a s n o t re c e iv e d a m a n d a te fro m

h a s o n ly a " tra n s itio n a l" fu n c \u00ad tio n in e n a b lin g S o v ie t s ta te s to g o th e ir o w n w a y s . M r. P liu s h c h d e s c rib e d th e C IS as a "fo rm

w h ic h h e lp s th e s ta te s o f th e fo rm e r S o v ie t U n io n g o th ro u g h a d iv o rc e p ro c e s s ."

The C IS, he added,i s "on the edge of a precipice." M r. Pliushch also accused R u ssia

U k ra in ia n g o v e rn m e n t, " to u se th e c o u p o n o n ly a s c a s h , a n d n o t fo r c o m m e rc ia l p a y m e n ts th ro u g h

custom ers has to b e a b le to d e p o s it th is m o n e y a n d p a y b ills . In o n e m o n th , th e c o u p o nw illb e a c o m p le te c u rre n c y ."

R u b le." W hile its official v a lu e w a s s till o n e c o u p o n p e r ru b le , o n th e

c o u p o n s p e r d o lla r. B u y e rs a n d s e lle rs in U kraine, m oreover, seem ed w illing to accept coupons for nearly any product and for various services.

th e in d e p e n d e n c e o f th e s ta te s fo rm in g th e n e w c o m m o n w e a lth .

F o llo w in g th e a g re e m e n t, V o lo d y m y r H ry n io v , d e p u ty c h a irm a n o f th e U k ra i\u00ad n ia n

F inancial T im es as saying, "W e have no d o u b t th is d o c u m e n t w illb e ta k e na s th e fram ew o rk

a new "code of conduct" on introducing new c u rre n c ie s . A m o n g th e p o in ts c o v e re d by the agreem ent were:

p o litic a l re a s o n s , b u t th a t " th e p ro c e s s o f s ta b iliz in g th e ru b le d e c id e d u p o n b y Russia leaves us no other course."

because of R u s s ia 's fa ilu re to p ro v id e U k ra in e w ith th e

c o n te n d th a t th e y s u p p lie d U k ra in e w ith e n o u g h ru b les, a rep ly th at raises th e p o ssib ility th a t th e U k ra in ia n g o v e rn m e n t s o u g h t a n e x c u s e to c re a te a n a tio n a l c u rre n c y , w ith o u t w a itin g u n til th e h ry v n ia c o u ld b e p rin te d a n d is s u e d ."

be an irre v e rs ib le sh o v e to w a rd th e s e p a ra tio n of the

th e N a tio n a l B a n k o f U k ra in e fo rm a lly re c o g n iz e d th is fa c t a n d fo rth e firs t tim e is s u e d

In te rn a tio n a l M o n e ta ry F u n d . T h e N e w Y o rk T im e s n o te d

o f th e h ry v n ia as U kraine's currency, "R ussia and U k ra in e

W estern w ish fu l th in k in g a n d p o litic a l re a lis m in R u ssia

K h m a ra , p e o p le 's d e p u ty o f th e U k ra i\ue000 n ia n S u p re m e C o u n c il, a rriv e d h e re o n J a n u a ry

re p re s e n ta tiv e s of the U nited States C ongress, officials a t th e S ta te D e p a rtm e n t, p u b lic p o lic y groups, several

e c o n o m ic d e v e lo p m e n t, n u c le a r w e a p o n s , th e a rm e d fo rc e s a n d th e B la c k S e a F le e t.

D r. K hm ara m et w ith D r. D onald D evine, p o litic a l

c o n s u lta n t a n d c a m p a ig n s tra te g is t. E x p la in in g th e p o litic a l c lim a te

w ith in th e le g is la tu re , is fo rm a lly o rg a n iz e d a n d m a k e s u p o v e r 2 5

s u p e r- cedes representation of party platform s, th e c re a tio n

o f p o litic a l p a rtie s w ith in th e P a rlia m e n t d u rin g th is tra n s itio n a l p e rio d h a s b e e n p u t o n h o ld , h e n o te d .

th e N a tio n a l E n d o w m e n t fo r D e m o c r a c y , w ith w h ic h it is d e v e l\ue000 o p in g

kraine's desire to becom e a non-nuclear s ta te b y th e e n d o f 1 9 9 4 . H e e x p la in e d th e

R u ssian m ilitary doctrine w hich is still based on C o m m u n is t e x p a n s io n is t id e o lo g y .

In te rn a tio n a l S tu d ie s (C SIS) at a lunch of its Senior D iscus\ue000 s io n

U .S .\ue000 U k ra in e F o u n d a tio n , th e K e n n a n In s ti\ue000 tu te a n d

his role in the N ational Defense Com \ue000 m ittee of U kraine to his tim e spent in th e S o v ie t g u la g .

In the evening, D r. K hm ara w as the keynote speaker at the U C C A 's annual re c e p tio n

U kraine's desire to b e c o m e a n u c le a r-fre e s ta te a n d jo in th e d e m o c ra tic w o rld b a se d o n m u tu a l tru s t a n d th e ru le o f la w . (S e e s to ry o n p a g e 1 0 .)

V oice of A m erica. D r. K hm ara covered a ra n g e o f to p ic s in c lu d in g h is ro le o n th e

h ry v n ia , U k ra in e 's o w n c u rre n c y , a n d th e te rrito ria l in te g rity o f U k ra in e .

to e x p la in U k ra in e 's p o s i\ue000 tions on these issues via broadcasts to R u ssia.

K irk la n d , president of the A FL-CIO , the status and current developm ent of independ\ue000 ent trade

o p e n in g tw o o ffic e s, o n e in M o s c o w a n d one in Kiev, to help their progress.The o ffic e s

U k ra in e 's p o s itio n s o n se v e ra l key issues. The first and forem ost w as U k ra in e 's

n u c le a r-fre e n a tio n . M r. N ile s re s p o n d \ue000 ed to D r. K hm ara's rem arks by stating that he felt it to be in U kraine's interest t o

e c o n o m i\ue000 c a lly , m ilita rily a n d p o litic a lly . E x p re s s \ue000 ing concern over M r. N iles'pro-R ussian c e n tris t

p h a s iz e d U k ra in e 's in te n tio n to b e c o m e a tru ly in d e p e n d e n t s ta te w ith o r w ith \ue000 o u t

K h m ara m et w ith key g o v e rn m e n t o ffic ia ls a n d p o lic y -m a k e rs in O tta w a d u rin g a b rie f s to p o v e r in th e C a n a d ia n c a p ita l o n F e b ru a ry 7 .

C a\ue000 n a d a 's le a d in g n o n -g o v e rn m e n ta l th in k - ta n k

sta ff m e m b e rs , in c lu d in g th e d ire c to r o f the conversion program , D avid C renna, s e n io r

p o s i\ue000 tion on such issues as a separate U krai\ue000 n ia n

F o llo w in g th e m e e tin g , D r . K h m a ra attended the Friday m orning session of Q u e s tio n P e rio d in th e H o u s e o f C o m \ue000 m ons and

P arliam ent H ill, D r. K hm ara's m eetings m oved to the Lester B. Pear\ue000 s o n B u ild in g fo r h ig h -le v e l s e s s io n s w ith officials from

E x te rn a l A ffa irs a n d th e D epartm ent of N ational Defense. The m e e tin g

Eastern Europe Rela\ue000 tio n s D iv is io n a t E x te rn a l A ffa irs; J o h n F r a s e r ,

E astern E u ro p e R e la tio n s D iv is io n ; A rth u r K a to n a ,

s io n , M ic h a e l d e V e rte u il, a n a ly s t fo r the Political A ssessm ents D ivision; S te w a rt

U n it S e c u rity D iv i\ue000 s io n ; P e te r M a rw itz , N a tio n a l S e c u rity D iv is io n ; L illia n M o k ie v s k y , In te rv ie w D iv is io n ;

of Inde\ue000 p e n d e n t S ta te s (C IS ). S p e a k in g th ro u g h in terp reters, D r. K h m ara stressed th at U k ra in e d o e s n o t c o n s id e r th e q u e s tio n of the B lack Sea Fleet nor the issue of Crim ea as open to any discussion.

C rim e a w ith in U k ra in e is s im p ly u n a c c e p ta b le to in d e p e n d e n t U k ra in e .

of the C IS, D r. K hm ara outrightly rejected the need for U k ra in e 's p a rtic ip a tio n