territory. H e also dem anded that all troops based in U kraine take an oath of a lle g ia n c e

" T h e s ta tu s o f th e B la c k S e a F le e t w ill d e te rm in e th e fu tu re n o t o n ly o f th e fleet b u t w ill h a v e a g re a t im p o rta n c e fo r th e fu tu re

c itiz e n s liv e in th e B la c k S e a a r e a . It h a s h u g e e c o n o m ic p o te n tia l. U k ra in e h a s a g e n u in e

hood have undergone a radical change d u rin g th e p a s t y e a r o r so ; b u t th e n , w ith th e

U - k ra in e 's p a s t a n d th e re v iv a l o f n a tio n a l confidence and pride, so have those of a s ig n ific a n t

Leonid K ravchuk set out his view s on U k ra in ia n s ta te h o o d in a p ro g ra m m a tic s p e e c h

eve of the p re s id e n tia l e le c tio n a t a m e e tin g o f th e U k ra in ia n

e m in e n t U k ra in ia n h is to ria n a n d p o liti­ cal figure M ykhailo Hrushevsky. From the Stalin

m u c h a s m e n tio n in g th e S o v ie t U k ra i­ nian state, M r. Kravchuk stressed that th e

th e m s e lv e s a s c o n tin u in g the w ork of H rushevsky andh is genera­ tio n .

U k ra in e in th e in te rn a tio n a l c o m m u n ity of sovereigns t a t e s ,he set out to reassure his audience thatth e changesi n U kraine w e re g e n u in e , fa r-re a c h in g a n d irre v e rs­ ib le ,a n d th a t h is re p u b lic w ish e d to b e seen as a responsible, dem ocratic and peaceful new com er.

"U kraine has changed m ore than just its co u n try p late in th e U N . assem b ly hall," M r. K ravchuk said; "it has m ade fu n d a m e n ta l a d ju s tm e n ts in its a ttitu d e to th e trag ic pages in its history an d in i t s

dem ocracy, peace, nuclear disarm am ent, and eco­ n o m ic re fo rm . A m o n g o th e r th in g s , h e prom ised

of the econom y, convert d e fe n se fa c to rie s to c iv ilia n p ro d u c tio n , e n c o u r a g e

g ro ss n a tio n a l p ro d u c t to e d u c a tio n . T h e in a u g u ra tio n

b y a fo rm a l re n u n c ia tio n b y th e U k ra i­ n ia n P a rlia m e n t o f th e U n io n T re a ty o f 1922 and

a p tly sum m ed up the historic significance of th e

A s fo r h is a p p ro a c h to th e n u m e ro u s pressing dom estic problem s, U kraine's second president pledged that he w ould firs t c o n s u lt w ith th e U k ra in ia n P a rlia ­ m ent

P a rlia ­ m e n t, a n d o n th e e v e o f th e p re s id e n tia l e le c tio n s h e le t it b e k n o w n th a t, if h e w on,

in te rn a tio n a l re c o g n itio n . F o r U k ra in e , how ever, the process w as eased by the fu rth e r

U k ra in e 's in te rn a tio n a l re c o g n itio n , th e p o s itiv e d o m e s tic re c o rd o f th e U k ra i­ n ia n g o v e rn m e n t a fte r first s o v e re ig n ty

th e la rg e U k ra in ia n d ia s ­ p o r a , a n d th e g ro w in g re a liz a tio n th a t a m ajo rity

There are problem s, though U kraine's plan to establish its ow n arm y and its in s is te n c e th a t th e S o v ie t n u c le a r a r m s d e p lo y e d

ra th e r than transferred to R ussia or any other s ta te

situation. K iev, for its part,i s seeking to re a s s u re th e o u ts id e w o rld . R e c o g n itio n o f

U n ite d S ta te s a n d o th e r W e s te rn c o u n ­ tries seem s likely to follow once they are s a tis fie d

renew ed B ucharest's claim s to territory that had b e e n

official visit to R o m a n ia a t th e la st m in u te . T h e te rri­ to ria l d is p u te p re d a te s th e N a z i-S o v ie t

prices. This protest statem ent stressed the need for social guarantees, such as a m inim um w age, a rational system

U .S .T r e a s u r y S e c re ta ry N ic h o la s B ra d y sa id th a t th e U .S . w ill support "early consideration" o f

R u ssia, U kraine, K azakhstan, B elarus, K yrgyz- s ta n

that once W a s h in g to n e s ta b lis h e s d ip lo m a tic tie s w ith th e C IS m e m b e rs , it w ill u rg e q u ic k c o n s id e ra tio n

h a s form ally taken over all S oviet em bassies 'a r o u n d th e w o rld . F o re ig n m in is te rs o f the C IS m em bers w ill m eet on January 1 0to d ic u ss th e ir d ip lo m a tic re p re s e n ta ­ tion, but R ussia has offered to represent th e

and returned to M oscow on January 2. T h e e m b a s s y is n o w in th e h a n d s o f3 4 - year-old A ndrei K olosovsky, the repre­ s e n ta tiv e o f th e R u s s ia n F e d e ra tio n a t th e

nam ed R ussian am bassador to the U .S ., a c c o rd in g to T h e W a s h in g to n P o s t. H is a p p o in tm e n t w ill n o t/ b e o ffic ia l u n til h is c re d e n tia ls a r e a c c e p te d b y th e U .S . governm ent. (R F E /R L

n e ig h b o rin g s ta te " o n U k ra in e 's a lle g e d v io la tio n s o f th e

was being used for a long tim e as a Basilian center for the U krai- n ia n -B e la ru s ia n

O n D ecem ber 3,1 9 9 1 , the president o f th eU k r a in ia n N a tio n a l R e p u b lic -in - e x ile , M y k o laP la w iu k , w r o teale tte r to th e n e w ly e le c te d p r e s id e n t o fU kraine, L e o n id K r a v c h u k :Itw as w r itte n in th e w a k e o f th e D e c e m b e r 1 p r e s id e n tia l e le c tio n a n d r e fe r e n d u m in w h ic h o v e r

in d e p e n d e n c e to U k r a in e , th e m a n d a te g iv e n to u s ith e U k r a in ia n N a tio n a l R e p u b lic -in -e x ile i b y

a c t in th e
n a m e o f th e U k r a in ia n n a tio n , ise n d 
in g . W ith g r e a t jo y , w e w ill tra n sfe r th is
m a n d a te to th e g o v e r n m e n t o f U k r a in e

u n d e r th e ru le o f th e D ire c to ry , th a t ala w o n " th e c o n tin u ity o f th e s ta te a u th o rity of U kraine" w as passed

(w estern G alicia). It w as a sad period of w artim e d e fe a t a n d in te rn a l U k ra in ia n d is p u te s .

T h e e x ile d g o v e r n m e n t in V ie n n a o f th e p re s id e n t o f th e W e s te rn U k ra in ia n N a tio n a l R e p u b lic , D r. E v h e n

P e tru - shevych, conducted an im prudent cam  p a ig n

one who, in the W arsaw Treaty of April 21, 1920, "sold" eastern G a lic ia to P o la n d . T h is w a s u n a d u lte r a te d

nonsense because: 1) Poland had a lre a d y o c c u p ie d a ll o f e a s te rn G a lic ia up to the Z bruch R iver on the basis of a d e c is io n

U kraine (U S A ), w hose m em bership consists of m any charitable, hum ani ta r ia n a n d c iv ic o rg a n iz a tio n s in th e U n ite dS ta te s ,h a s a p p e a le d fo r fu n d s fro m

texts stress national aw areness and re lig io u s m o ra lity . C u rre n tly illu s tra  tio n s

A ccording to the C C A U , the m i nistry has agreed to com plete print in g th e s e b o o k s b e fo reth e s ta rt o f th e 1992-1993 school year. C hildren

w ell as teachers and parents w ill be a b le tou s eth e s e te x tb o o k s . A p p ro x i m a te ly 2 m illio n c o p ie s w ill b e p r in t e d .

e s tim a te s ( O c to b e r 1 9 9 1 ), th e y w ill c o s t a p p r o  x im ately2 9 m illio nr u b l e s .A p o rtio n o f

w ill s ig n o th e r a g re e m e n ts w ith th e U k ra in ia n M in is try o f E d u c a tio n to h e lp in p u b lis h in g b o o k s fo r h ig h e r g ra d e s

p e a le d to th e h e a d s o f a ll U k ra in ia n churches to have one special Sunday c o lle c tio n

fo r th is p u rp o s e . S im ila r le tte rs w e re se n t to v a rio u s o rg a n iz a  tions whose sole

is n o w a d d re s s in g th e U k ra in ia n A m e ric a n c o m m u n ity , asking that checks be m ade payable t o

U kraine (U S A ), w hose m em bership consists of m any charitable, hum ani ta r ia n a n d c iv ic o rg a n iz a tio n s in th e U n ite dS ta te s ,h a s a p p e a le d fo r fu n d s fro m

texts stress national aw areness and re lig io u s m o ra lity . C u rre n tly illu s tra  tio n s

A ccording to the C C A U , the m i nistry has agreed to com plete print in g th e s e b o o k s b e fo reth e s ta rt o f th e 1992-1993 school year. C hildren

w ell as teachers and parents w ill be a b le tou s eth e s e te x tb o o k s . A p p ro x i m a te ly 2 m illio n c o p ie s w ill b e p r in t e d .

e s tim a te s ( O c to b e r 1 9 9 1 ), th e y w ill c o s t a p p r o  x im ately2 9 m illio nr u b l e s .A p o rtio n o f

w ill s ig n o th e r a g re e m e n ts w ith th e U k ra in ia n M in is try o f E d u c a tio n to h e lp in p u b lis h in g b o o k s fo r h ig h e r g ra d e s

p e a le d to th e h e a d s o f a ll U k ra in ia n churches to have one special Sunday c o lle c tio n

fo r th is p u rp o s e . S im ila r le tte rs w e re se n t to v a rio u s o rg a n iz a  tions whose sole

is n o w a d d re s s in g th e U k ra in ia n A m e ric a n c o m m u n ity , asking that checks be m ade payable t o

c o m m u n ity a t la rg e , ta k in g th e o p p o rtu n ity to e x p re s s its g ra titu d e to its c o n trib u to rs a n d b e n e fa c to rs fo r th e ir s u p p o rt o f U U A R C a c tiv itie s .

be it support for U krainian schools, orphanages, hom es fo r

p o litic a l prisoners; as well as relief for U krai nians who are in need of hum anitarian a id w h e re v e r th e y h a p p e n to liv e .

a p p e a l to th e U k ra in ia n c o m m u n ity fo r a s h o w in g o f g e n e ro s ity in c o m in gt o th e a id

D onations to U U A R C can be sent to its h e a d q u a r te r s , 1319 W . L in d le y A v e ., P h ila d e lp h ia , P A

Treaty w ere bad (U kraine, as a partner of P oland, acted fro m

s tre n g th ), th is w a s U k ra in e 's la st h o p e fo r s a lv a tio n : to p ro c e e d ,o n e fin a l tim e, a g a in s t th e o c c u p ie rs o f U k ra in e w ith the help of the Polish A rm y.

it, transferring th e G o v e rn m e n t C e n te r to th e p la c e o f h is

fo re ig n affairs of th e U N R ,w as a statesm an and a n in d iv id u a l th e lik e s o f w h ic h th e r e a re fe w

Livytsky on January 17, 1954, the post of president w as assum ed by D r. Ste p h e n V y tv y ts k y , fo rm e r re p re s e n ta tiv e o f th e U k ra in ia n N a tio n a l D e m o c ra tic U n io n

w a s M y k o la Livytsky, son of A ndrew . The younger L iv y ts k y

10th session of the U k ra in ia n N a tio n a l C o u n c il. M r. P la  w iu k is a ls o h e a d o f th e la rg e s t p o litic a l g ro u p in g o f th e O rg a n iz a tio n o f U k ra i n ia n N a tio n a lis ts , th e " M e ln y k iy ts i."

G o v e r n m e n t C e n te r in e x ile w a s D e c e m b e r 1 0 , 1 9 4 8 . O n th a t d a y th e c e n te r w a s re o rg a n iz e d w ith th e a d d itio n

N a tio n a l C o u n c il, c o m p ris in g re p re s e n ta tiv e s o f p o litic a l p a rtie s a n d a c tin g a s a s u rro g a te p a rlia m e n t.

p o litic a l p a rtie s th a t th e m s e lv e s s p lin  te re d a n d a t v a rio u s tim es w ith d re w a n d c re a te d c ris is w ith in th e b o d y .

m ost serious crisis arose when P re s id e n t M y k o la L iv y ts k y d is b a n d e d th e N a tio n a l C o u n c il o n J u ly 7 , 1 9 7 8 . A fterw ards, for m any years there w ere n e g o tia tio n s to effect a " c o n s o lid a tio n ," w h ic h u ltim a te ly o c c u rre d a t th e a fo re  m e n tio n e d

k ra in ia n N a tio n a l R e p u b lic -in -e x ile d id n o t h a v e m u c h o p p o rtu n ity to a c t. T h e p o litic a l d is c o n ju c tio n o f th e U k ra in ia n p ro b le m

G o v e rn m e n t C e n te r to th a t o f a s y m b o l, an outw ard m anifestation of adherence to the ideals of the U N R .

T h e a u th o rity o f th e U N R w as u n d e r m in e d a ls o b y th e e x is te n c e o f tw o o th e r b o d ie s

th e m s e lv e s a s re p re s e n ta tiv e s o fU k ra in e : th e F o re ig n R e p re s e n ta tio n

P ra v lin n ia ) form ed on the basis of the July 3 0 ,1 9 4 1 , a c t p ro c la im in g

a n d th is w o u ld c o m p ro m is e th e U k ra i n ia n c o m m u n ity a saw h o le . T h a n k G o d that this cam e to an

U k ra in ia n N a tio n a l C o u n c il in L o n d o n w h e re a C o m m u n ity S e c to r w a s a d d e d to th e c o u n c il. A s h e a d o f th e U k ra in ia n N a tio n a l C o u n c il a t th a t tim e , a n d a s th e o ld e s t m e m b e r, I c a lle d to o rd e r th e c o u n c il's

G overnm ent C e n te r a n d a m w e ll a c q u a in te d w ith its le a d in g

som eday som eone w ill w ant to w rite a history of th is

in s titu tio n . (M y k o la L iv y ts k y h a d w ritte n a b rie f o u tlin e o f such a history covering the period 1920- 1 9 4 0 .)

The birth of an independent U krai n ia n s ta te o n D e c e m b e r 1 ,1 9 9 1 , w as th e re a liz a tio n

of the dream s of all U krai n ia n s in th e d ia s p o ra . It a ls o n e g a te d th e n e c e s s ity

b a d . B u t a ll a c tiv is ts o f th e G overnm ent Center, it m ust be noted, a c te d in g o o d fa ith a n d a ll w e re fa ith fu l to th e id e a s o f th e U k ra in ia n N a tio n a l R e p u b lic . T h a t is w h y n o w

is n o t th e tim e fo r a n y o n e to d is a p p ro v e . O n th e contrary, we should bow

activists of the G overnm ent C enter, first of a ll before the founders of th e G overn m e n t C e n te r, i.e . S y m o n P e tliu ra a n d A ndrew

reality. A s y m b o l re m a in s in th e b lu e -a n d -y e llo w flag; the legalized tryzub (trident) w ill also becom e a sym bol. A nd, w e m ust c h a n g e

because the text is an anachronism . W e m ust especially delete the reference to " v o riz h e n k y " (th e d im in u tiv e fo rm

The need for the G overnm ent C enter o f th e U k ra in ia n N a tio n a l R e p u b lic to fu n c tio n in e x ile w a s n ic e ly d o c u m e n te d a n d

s ta te . B u t it h a s wise leaders who have already proven th a t

Therefore, let us welcom e the state m ent issued by the G overnm ent C enter o f th e U k ra in ia n N a tio n a l R e p u b lic -in - e x ile to a n n o u n c e th e c e s s a tio n