ind Farm (DFIG Average Model)text://102 of 31/9/2004 4:05 AM
The phasor model (continuous)
such as the one presentented in the “power_wind_dfig” model in theDR demo library. This model is better adapted to simulate the low frequency electromechanicaloscillations over long periods of time (tens of seconds to minutes). In the phasor simulation method, thesinusoidal voltages and currents are replaced by phasor quantities (complex numbers) at the systemnominal frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz).This is the same technique which is used in transient stabilitysoftwares.
2. Circuit Description
A 9 MW wind farm consisting of six 1.5 MW wind turbines connected to a 25 kV distribution systemexports power to a 120 kV grid through a 30 km, 25 kV feeder. A 500 kW resistive load and a 0.9 Mvar (Q=50) filter are connected at the 575 V generation bus. The turbine parameters specifying ratings of power components of the wind turbine are saved in a companion M file (power_wind_dfig_data.m).This file is automatically executed at simulation start so that parameters for the 6x1.5 MW turbine areloaded in your Matlab workspace. (See Model pre-load function specified in the Model Properties). If you want to use this DFIG model with a different rating in another application, you must copy and editthis file in order to change the relevant parameters.Wind turbines using a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) consist of a wound rotor inductiongenerator and an AC/DC/AC IGBT-based PWM converter modeled by voltage sources. The stator winding is connected directly to the 60 Hz grid while the rotor is fed at variable frequency through theAC/DC/AC converter. The DFIG technology allows extracting maximum energy from the wind for lowwind speeds by optimizing the turbine speed, while minimizing mechanical stresses on the turbineduring gusts of wind. The optimum turbine speed producing maximum mechanical energy for a givenwind speed is proportional to the wind speed.In this demo the wind speed is maintained constant at 10 m/s. The control system uses a torquecontroller in order to maintain the speed at 1.09 pu. The reactive power produced by the wind turbine isregulated at 0 Mvar.Double-click on the “Wind Turbine Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (Average Model)” block to see howthe model is built. The sample time used to discretize the model (Ts_Power= 50 microseconds) as wellas the sample time used by the control system (Ts_Control=100 microseconds) are specified in theInitialization function of the Model Properties.Right-click on the “Control System” block and select “Look Under Mask” to see details of the controller.Open the “Wind Turbine” block menu and check "Display wind-turbine power characteristics". Theturbine mechanical power as function of turbine speed is displayed for wind speeds ranging from 6 m/sto 13 m/s. For a wind speed of 10 m/s, the maximum turbine output is 0.55 pu of its rated power (0.55*9MW=4.95 MW) at a speed of 1.09 pu of generator synchronous.
3. Demonstration
In this demo you will observe the steady-state operation of the DFIG and its dynamic response tovoltage sag resulting from a remote fault on the 120-kV system. Open the “120 kV” block modeling thevoltage source and see how a six-cycle 0.2 pu voltage drop is programmed at t=0.03 sStart simulation. Observe voltage and current waveforms on the Scope. At simulation start the “xInitial”variable containing the initial state variables is automatically loaded (from the“power_wind_dfig_avg_xinit.mat” file specified in the Model Properties) so that the simulation starts insteady state.Initially the DFIG wind farm produces 4.8 MW. This active power, corresponds to the maximummechanical turbine output for a 10m/s wind speed (0.55*9 MW=4.95 MW) minus electrical losses ingenerator. The corresponding turbine speed is 1.09 pu of generator synchronous speed. The DCvoltage is regulated at 1200 V and reactive power is kept at 0 Mvar. At t=0.03 s the positive-sequencevoltage suddenly drops to 0.8 p.u. causing an oscillation on the DC bus voltage and on the DFIG outputpower. During the voltage sag the control system regulates DC voltage and reactive power at their setpoints (1200 V, 0 Mvar). The system recovers in approximately 4 cycles.Double click the blue block entitled “Show Detailed and Average Simulation Results”. A figure opensshowing comparison of the phase A voltage at DFIG terminals, DC link voltage, active and reactivepowers and speed for the detailed model and the average model. Notice that the two models are ingood agreement. The average model represents correctly the low frequency control and power system
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