• Embed Doc
  • Copy Link
  • Readcast
  • Collections
  • CommentGo Back
\u0428
P u b lis h e d
b y th eU k r a in ia n
N a tio n a l A s s o c ia tio n In c ..
ra in ia n
I
I
c .a fra ta rn a l n o n -p ro fit a s s o c ia tio n |
V
V o l. LV
N o .1 0
TH E
U K R A IN IA N
W EEKLY
SUNDAY, MARCH
8 , 1 9 8 7
2 5
c e n ts
H u n d re d s m o u rn G rig o re n k o a t s e rv ic e s
S u rv iv o rs ' m e m o r ie sa p p e a r u n r e lia b le
in
N ew
Y o r k , S o u th
B o u n d
B ro o k
in D e m ja n ju k tr ia r s
th ird w e e k
b yM a r ta K o lo m a y e ts
and R om a H adzew ycz
N EW
Y O R K /S O U T H
B O U N D
B R O O K , N .J. -
Gen. Petro
H ry h o -
ro v y c h
G rigorenko, a decorated
v e te \u00ad
ra n
o f
th e
R ed
A rm y
w ho
m et
h is
g re a te s t c h a lle n g e
as a
d e f e n d e r
o f
hum an and
n a tio n a l rig h ts , w a s la id to
rest at St. A ndrew 's U krainian
O rth o \u00ad
d o x
Cem etery in South
B ound
B ro o k ,
N .J.,
on Saturday, February 28.
M em orial
services were
h e ld
a t th e
Jarem a
F u n e r a l H o m e in

M a n h a tta n 's E a s t V illa g e , a n d a fu n e ra l litu rg y w a s o ffe re d

a t
S t.
V o lo d im ir's
U k ra in ia n
O rth o d o x
C a th e d ra l
o n
W est 82nd
S tre e t.
H undreds
a tte n d e d
s e rv ic e s
fo r
th e
r e p o s e
o f
G en.
G rig o re n k o 's
s o u 1 .
A m ong
th e m
w ere
U k ra in ia n s ,
C ri\u00ad
m ean
Tatars, Russians and

Jew s, and the form er genc?rars colleagues from the d is s id e n t

m ovem ent
i n
th e
S o v ie t
U n io n .
P re s e n t a ls o w e re a c tiv is ts o f h u m a n *
G rig o re n k o
r e c a lle d
a t V ie n n a
p a rle y
V IE N N A
\u2014
" G rig o re n k o
is
o n e
general w ho w ill not fade aw ay," w arn\u00ad
ed Robert Frow ick, deputy chief of the
U .S .
d e le g a tio n
t o
th e
H e ls in k i
A c\u00ad
cords review
conference, after a heated
e x c h a n g e
w ith
th e
S o v ie ts
d u rin g
a
F e b ru a ry
2 7
p le n a ry
m e e tin g
o f
th e
o n g o in g
3 5 -n a tio n
E ast-V V ^est
c o n fe \u00ad
re n c e .
A c c o rd in g
t o
o b s e rv e rs
fro m
th e
U .S .
H e ls in k i C o m m is s io n , d u rin g th e
F e b r u a r y
27 m eeting, M r.
F ro w ic k
d e liv e re d a s ta te m e n t fro m
U .S . d e le g a \u00ad
tio n
c h ie f
W arren
Z im m erm ann
i n
trib u te
t o
th e
re c e n tly
d e c e a s e d

P e tro G rigorenko, whose life, he said, "w as c lo s e ly

lin k e d
w ith
th e
H e ls in k i p r o \u00ad
c e s s ."
T he
s ta te m e n t
trig g e re d
a n g ry
p ro te s ts
fro m
th e
S o v ie t
d e le g a tio n 's
d e p u ty
c h ie f,V ic to r S h ik a lo v , w h o
a c c u s e d
th e
U n ite d
States of trying to
u n d e rm in e
a n d
e x p lo d e
th e
V ie n n a
m e e tin g .
M r. S h ik a lo v fu rth e r c o n te n d e d th a t
th e
U .S. speech
w as
p ro v o c a tiv e
a n d
c o n tra ry
t o
th e
ru le s
o f
p r o c e d u r e
g o v e rn in g
th e
V ie n n a
m e e tin g , a c o n \u00ad
te n tio n
th a t
1 0
W estern
c o u n trie s ,
in c lu d in g
th e
th re e
p o litic a lly
n e u tra l
s ta te s
o f
S w itz e rla n d ,
S w eden
a n d
L ie c h te n s te in , s ta u n c h ly c o n te s te d . T h e
d e le g a tio n s ,
w h ic h
a ls o
in c lu d e d
C anada,
th e
U n ite d
K in g d o m ,
S p a in ,
1 ta ly ,
W est
G erm any,
F ra n c e
a n d
D e n m a rk , a rg u e d w ith M r. S h ik a \u00ad
lo v
o n
th e
p rin c ip le
th a t
s o v e r e ig n
countries are free to discuss any issues
th e y
d e e m
re le v a n t
t o
th e
im p o rta n t
E ast-W est
c o n fe re n c e ,
in c lu d in g
h u \u00ad
m an-rights issues.
T h e S o v ie t d e le g a tio n
a p p a re n tly
(C o n tin u e d o n p a g e 2 )
rig h ts
g ro u p s
in
th e
W est,

in c lu d in g representatives of the W or1d Congress o f

F re e
U k ra in ia n s
H um an
R ig h ts
C om m ission,
S m o lo s k y p ,
A m e ric a n s
fo r
H um an
R ig h ts
i n
U k ra in e ,.th e
U k ra in ia n
H um an
R ig h ts
C o m m itte e
o f
P h ila d e lp h ia , a n d
th e
now -defunct
C o m m itte e
fo r
th e
D efense
o f S o v ie t
Political Prisoners.
A
n o ta b le
p r e s e n c e
w as
th a t
o f
U k ra in ia n
veterans groups, ranging
fro m
fo rm er so ld iers of th e 1st D iv isio n
o f
th e
U k ra in ia n
N ational A rm y
a n d
th e
U k ra in ia n
In s u rg e n t
A rm y
t o
U -
k ra in ia n
A m erican
V e te ra n s
a n d
C a\u00ad
th o lic W a r V e te ra n s .
It w a s th e v e te ra n s w ho, a t th e re q u e st
o f
G en.
G rig o re n k o 's
s o n ,
A ndrew ,
a c te d
a s
p a llb e a re rs .
T he
c o ffin
w as
d r a p e d , a ls o a t th e s o n 's re q u e s t, w ith a
U k ra in ia n
fla g .
D uring a m em orial service on,Friday
e v e n in g ,
F e b ru a ry
27, at
th e

Jarem a F u n e ra l H o m e th is c h a m p io n o f h u m a n rig h ts w a s e u lo g iz e da s a tire le s s s p o k e s \u00ad m a n fo r h u m a n a n d n a tio n a l rig h ts w h o

(C o n tin u e d o n p a g e 4 )
S p e c ia l to S v o b o d a
a n d T h e W e e k ly
JE R U S A L E M
-
T he
u n re lia b ility
o f T re b lin k a
survivors' m em ories w as
re p e a te d ly
u n d e rlin e d
b y
th e
d e fe n s e
te a m
of John
D e m ja n ju k ,
th e
fo rm er
C le v e la n d
a u to w o rk e r
s u s p e c te d
o f
b e in g
" Iv a n
th e
T e rrib le ," d u rin g
th e
t r i a l 's
th ird
w eek
as prosecution
w it\u00ad
nesses w ere cross-exam ined.
D uring the court sessions (M arch 2-
5 ),
tw o
T re b lin k a
su rv iv o rs
a n d
a

m e m b e r o f th e Is ra e li P o lic e 's N a tio n a l U n it fo r C rim in a l In v e s tig a tio n te stifie d fo r th e p ro s e c u tio n .

C ross-exam ination
o f
E liy a h u
R o\u00ad
senberg continued
on M onday, M arch
2 ,a s
D efense
A tto rn e y
M ark
O 'C o n \u00ad
n o r a tte m p te d
t o

point out even m ore d is c re p a n c ie s in th e w itn e s s 's s ta te m e n ts a n d c a ll in to q u e s tio n h is re lia b ility .

That m orning's session was attended
b y
1 s r a e li
P rim e
M fnister
Y itz h a k
Sham ir, w ho watched
th e
p ro c e e d in g s
fro m
a
fro n t-ro w
s e a t.
M r.

Sham ir, a fte r s p e n d in g a n h o u r lis te n in g t o M r . R o s e n b e r g 's

te s tim o n y ,
la te r
to ld
th e
M y ro s la v M e d v id : th e fin a l s to ry ?
b y D a v id R . M a r p le s
In O c to b e r
1985, M yroslav
M ed\u00ad
v id
m ade
h e a d h n e s
in
th e
U n ite d
S ta te s
w hen
h e
le f t

h is s h ip , th e M arshal K oniev, w hich w as docked in New O rleans harbor, ostensibly to se e k p o litic a l a s y lu m . A fte r n e g o tia \u00ad tio n s w ith

U .S . a u th o ritie s , h e s u b \u00ad
s e q u e n tly
re tu rn e d
t o
th e
s h ip , a l\u00ad
th o u g h
m any
felt that he had
b e e n
s u b je c te d
t o
c o e rc io n
b y h is S o v ie t
su p e rio rs.
T he
Soviets have regarded
th e

event as a provocation on the part of the U nited States, and have accused th e

U .S . a u th o ritie s
o f d e lib e ra te ly
c re a tin g th e e n tire in c id e n t.
O n February
1 1 , 1 z v e s tia p u b lis h e d

a n a rtic le title d * T h e B e g in n in g a n d End of O ne Sensation," which som e\u00ad w h a t s u rp ris in g ly

\u2014
g iv e n
that 16
m onths has elapsed \u2014
focused once
a g a in o n S e a m a n
M e d v id .

1n a preface to th e article, co rres\u00ad p o n d e n t V . V u k o v ic h n o te d th a t th e young seam an

h a d
re q u e s te d
w a tc h
d u ty , a n d
w a s in s p e c tin g th e s h ip 's
lig h ts w h e n
h e le a n e d
over too
fa r
a n d fell in to th e w a te r, w h e re u p o n h e
re q u ire d
m e d ic a l a id
a n d
w a s th u s
ta k e n
b a c k
a b o a rd
fo r tre a tm e n t.
S u b s e q u e n tly , th e a rtic le b e g a n , a
re p re s e n ta tiv e
o f
th e
U .S . S ta te
D epartm ent boarded
the vessel and
dem anded
a n
in te rv ie w
w ith
M r.

M edvid, w ho, it w as stressed, never s ig n e d a n a p p e a l to re q u e s t p o litic a l a s y lu m

d e s p ite m a n y h o u rs o f in te r\u00ad rogation. Y et "provocateurs," it w as a lle g e d , '* c o n tin u e d

to spread a11
k in d s
o f c o c k -a n d -b u ll s to rie s ," th e
m o s t c o n te m p tib le
o f w h ic h , in th e
w rite r's
v ie w ,
w as
th a t
th e
S o v ie t
a u th o ritie s h a d d e ta in e d M r. M e d v id
in p ris o n a n d th e n m u rd e re d
him .
A fter
his "fall" from
h is s h ip ,
Seam an
M e d v id ,
a c c o rd in g
t o

th e Soviet version, got caught on a rope a n d in ju re d

h is h a n d . H e w a s h o s p i\u00ad
talized upon his return to the U SSR
a n d
a fte r
a
" c o m p le x
o p e ra tio n ,"
d e c id e d 4 0
c h a n g e
his career
fro m
that of a seam an to a coal m iner (how
a n
in ju ry
t o
h is h a n d
s h o u ld
h a v e
prom oted such a m ove is unclear).
The 1zvestia correspondent visited
th e C h e rv o n o h ra d
m ine in the Lviv
0 b la s t
w here
M r.
M e d v id
is
n o w

e m p lo y e d . T h e m in e d ire c to r, S te p a n Z h irii, n o te d th a t lik e a ll n o v ic e s , M r . M edvid had been sent on a training course, and had now graduated to his a p p re n tic e s h ip .

M in in g ,
h e
s ta te d ,
w a s in h is b lo o d .
M r. M ed v id h im self affirm ed
th a t
h is
fa th e r
h a d
w orked
at a
n e a rb y
m in e fo r
30 years before
his retire\u00ad
m ent. However, he had
re s o lv e d

t o w o rk a t C h e rv o n o h ra d sin c e it is th e h o m e v illa g e o f h is n e w w ife , L e s y a , w ho

is
e x p e c tin g
th e ir
f ir s t
c h ild .
"T his is all the m ore reason to study,"
s ta te d
th e
d ire c to r,
b e c o m in g
a n i\u00ad
m a te d . 1n h is o p in io n ,
M yroslav
m u s t e n te r th e lo c a l te c h n ic a l s c h o o l,
graduate and becom e a brigadier.
T he
fo rm er
seam an
is also
a n
accom plished m usician, according to
th e
a c c o u n t.
A
g ra d u a te
o f L v iv
m u s ic c o lle g e , h e p 1 a y s in th e m in e 's
brass band. Tow ard
the end of this
c o n v e rs a tio n ,
w h ic h
w as
e v id e n tly
e la b o ra te d
to dem onstrate that M r.
(C o n tin u e d
on page 14)
p r e s s , "1 am
full of ad m iratio n for th e
w itn e s s1 h e a r d .1 d o n 't k n o w
w here he

derives the strength to be able to discuss the m ost m inute details of the horrors of th a t c a m p ."

M r. O 'C o n n o r c o n tin u e d to q u e s tio n M r. R osenberg about physical details of T re b lin k a

a n d
a b o u t
w hen
h e
f i r s t
a rriv e d
a t
th e
cam p.
M r.
R osenberg
c o u ld
n o t
s a y
e x a c tly
w hen
h e
h a d
a rriv e d . H e n o w sa y s th is w as b e fo re th e
Jew ish
N ew
Year (m id-Septem ber) of
1 9 4 2 ,a lth o u g h h e h a d to ld in v e s tig a to rs
in
F e b ru a ry
1961 that he arrived

th e re o n A u g u s t 2 0 , a n d a t th e Is ra e li tria l o f A d o lf E ic h m a n n

th e d a te h e c ite d w a s June1 1 . M r. E pstein gave various dates fo r

h is
a rriv a l
in
testim o n y
in
1 9 7 6 ,
1 9 7 8 ,
1 9 8 3
a n d
1 9 8 4 .
A lso
a t
th e
E ic h m a n n
t r i a l ,

M r. R osenberg had stated that he w as 35 at th a t tim e (in 1 9 6 1 ), w h ile , in fa c t, h e w a s 4d. U nder cross-exam ination

M r. R o \u00ad
s e n b e rg
c o u ld
n o t
? X p la in

the discre\u00ad p a n c y in h is a g e a n d s a id th a t th is w a s im m a te ria l. T h e w itn e ss k e p t re tu rn in g to d e s c rip tio n s o f a tro c itie s a t th e d e a th cam p.

H e told
the story
of the arrival of a
group of Jew s from
D u b n o . T h is g ro u p
k n e w
that it w as being led to its death
a n d
th e p e o p le b e g a n ru n n in g a w a y in
a11d ire c tio n s in a p a n ic , h e s a id .
A nd
w hat
h a p p e n e d
t o
y o u ?
M r.
O 'C o n n o r
a s k e d
the w itness. M r. R o\u00ad
s e n b e rg re p lie d th a t th e J e w s fro m
th e
w ork
g a n g
w ere
c h a s e d
in to
th e
b a r\u00ad
r a c k s ,a n d th e g u a rd s b e g a n firin g a t th e
g ro u p
o f
prisoners. M r.
O 'C o n n o r
a s k e d ,
W ere
th e y
firin g
fro m
th e
tow ers? N o, w as the answ er. T he attor\u00ad
ney asked, H ow

d i d y o u s e e t h i s if y o u were in the barracks? I was outside in th e

y a rd
a n d
1 saw
e v e ry th in g ,
M r.
R osenberg
answered. The
w ork
Jew s
w e re la te r to ld to d is p o s e o f th e b o d ie s .
I n
answ er
t o
th e
d e fe n s e
q u e s tio n s
a b o u t w h e th e r h e a n d
th e o th e r w o rk
J e w s a tte m p te d

to d o a n y th in g to h e lp this group of prisoners w ho w ere trying to run away, M r. Rosenberg stood

u p
a n d
b e g a n
y e llin g
th a t
not even
th e

w orst anti-S em ites had asked them such a q u e s tio n . H e s a id h e c o u ld d o n o th in g to h e lp , b e c a u s e if h e h a d trie d h e w o u ld h a v e

b e e n
k ille d
b y
th e
o n e
w ho
is
s ittin g
th e re , h e s a id , p o in tin g to
M r.
D e m ja n ju k .
A t this
m om ent, M r.
D e m ja n ju k
c a lle d
th e
w itn ess
a
liar, using
th e
H ebrew
w ords, "A ta shakran" (you are
a liar).
"B ear
this in
th e
c o n te x t o f a

m an sittin g in a cell fo r o n e y ear, su fferin g in h is

ow n
w a y ,"
th e
d e fe n s e
a tto rn e y
in te rje c te d .
"H e
s a id
w hat
h e
s a id
in
H ebrew ...
t o
s h o w
u s h e 's h u m a n , t o
s h o w
u s h e h a s e m o tio n s ."
W hen
th e
ju d g e
a s k e d
th e
d e fe n s e
a tto rn e y
if
h e
w ished
th e
d e f e n d a n t's
s ta te m e n t to a p p e a r in th e re c o rd , M r.
(C o n tin u e do n p a g e9 )
T H E U K R A IN IA N W E E K L Y
SUNDAY, MARCH8 , 1 9 8 7
N o .1 0
A
G U m P S uO F S O V IE T R E A L IT Y
U k ra in ia n y o u th to b e 1 n te rn a tio n a liz e d '
b y R o m a n S o lc h a n y k
A
r e c e n t
is s u e
of the
U k ra in ia n
c u ltu ra l
w e e k ly
K u ltu ra
\u0456Z h y ttia re \u00ad
p o rts
th a tth e
M in istry
o fC u ltu re in
K ie vh a s a d o p te d
as e r i e s of m easures
d e s ig n e d
toi n c r e a s e " th ep a trio tic a n d
in te rn a tio n a l u p b rin g in g "o f U k ra in ia n
y o u th
i n
lig h t of the d e c is io n so f la s t
year's party congresses.
A c c o rd in gt o th e n e w s p a p e r, c u ltu ra l
a n d

a rtis tic in s titu tio n s in th e re p u b lic h a v e b e e n to ld " to im p le m e n t a c o m p le x o f id e o lo g ic a la n d u p b rin g in g m e a s u re s th at are to form an

in te g ra l c o m p o n e n t
o f
th e
m u ltifa c e te d
p r o c e s s
of the
in te rn a tio n a liz a tio n
o f the spiritual life
o f S o v ie t s o tie ty ."
T he
p ro je c t,
a sd e s c r i b e d
b y th e
new spaper,h a s a ll th e earm arks
of a
m assive
in d o c trin a tio n

c a m p a ig n . W o r k e r s ' c o lle c tiv e s , e d u c a tio n a l in s ti\u00ad tu tio n s , b u ild in g so f c u ltu re , c1 u b s, libraries, m useum s,a n d parkso f cul\u00ad turea n d rest havea ll been directedt o c o n d u c t s o c io -p o litic a l le c tu re s , th e m a \u00ad tic evenings, readers'conferences, m ass th e a tric a l p ro d u c tio n s , h o lid a y so f in te rn a tio n a l frie n d s h ip , c itya n d ra io n fe s tiv a ls , c o m p e titio n s

a n dre v ie w s of
p a trio tic
songs, m usic, poetry
a n d
d a n c e
of thep e o p le s
of the
S o v ie t
U n io n .

T h e a p p ro p ria te d e p a rtm e n tsof the U k ra in ia n M in is tryo f C u ltu re to g e th e r w ith

o th e r re p u b lic a n
in s titu tio n s w ill
d r a w
up andim p le m e n t
lo n g -ra n g e
p la n sfo r tie s w ith c o rre s p o n d in g in s ti-
,ty L i,||q ^ l^ j.^ jn ^ j2 tl^ e rj5 ;e p
in the
4\u0448 % ^ \u044c \u0456^ \u044f \u0448^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
c^. .
- \u0413.
" 'A
num ber
6 f
o r^ n iz a tid n a l
a n d
s c ie n tific -m e th o d o lo g ic a l
steps w illb e
ta k e n
in th eh ig h e r a n d
s p e c ia liz e d
s e c o n d a ry
e d u c a tio n a l
in s titu tio n s
o f
c u ltu re
a n d th e arts." These w ere n o t

sp e c ifie d e x p e c t fo r th e p la n n e d re p u b li\u00ad can students' conference on "The Inter\u00ad c o n n e c tio n

a n d
D e v e lo p m e n t
of the

F ra te rn a l C u ltu re s o f th e P e o p le so f th e U S S R ," w h ic h ist o b e h e ld a t th e R iv n e S ta te 1 n s titu te o f C u ltu re , a n d a c o m p e \u00ad titio n

o f
pupils' essays
o n
th e
sam e
th e m e
th a t
w ill
b e
c o n d u c te d
in the
s c h o o ls .I n a d d itio n , e v e ry e d u c a tio n a l
in s titu tio n
i n
U k ra in e
ise x p e c te d
t o
c o n d u c t
" c o n c r e te
w o r k " a im e d
a t
p ro v in g
th ee d u c a tio n

p r o c e s s , th e te a c h in go f s o c ia l d is c ip lin e s , th e s tu d y o f

M arxist-L eninist
c la s s ic s , the new
e d itio n
o f
th e
p a rty
p ro g ra m ,
th e
d e c is io n s
of the2 7 th
C ongress
of the
C o m m u n is t P a r tyof the S o v ie t U n io n
a n d o th e r p a rty d o c u m e n ts .
T h is y e a r, w rite s
K u ltu ra
\u0456Z h y ttia ,
th e U k ra in ia n
M in is tryo f C u ltu rea n d
th e re p u b lic a n
K o m s o m o l, to g e th e r
w ith
o th e r
in s titu tio n s
a n d
p u b lic
o rg a n iz a tio n s , w ill e x a m in e
th eq u e s \u00ad

tio no f o rg a n iz in ga R e p u b lic a n C e n te r fo r th e M ilita ry -P a trio tic U p b rin g in g o f Y o u th . On the lo c a l le v e l,

o ffic ia ls
re s p o n s ib le
fo r cultural affairs
are to
p ro v id e
p ra c tic a l
s u p p o r t
fo r th e
organizationo f citya n d raion c1ubso f
in te rn a tio n a l frie n d sh ip .
T w o o b s e rv a tio n s are in o rd e r. T h is
la te s t " in te rn a tio n a liz a tio n
c a m p a ig n "
follow sb y little m ore thana w eekth e
re c e n t
C e n tra l
C o m m itte e
p le n u m
a t
w hich M ikhail G orbachev discussed the
c u rre n t
s ta te
o f
n a tio n a lity
re la tio n s ,
r e f e r r in g
a ls o to the a n ti-R u s s ia n
rio ts
in A lm a-A tai n D ecem ber.
A lth o u g hth e r e p o r to n th e d e c is io n s
ta k e n
b y
th e
U k ra in ia n
M in istry
o f
C u ltu re
d o e s
n o t m e n tio n
G eneral
S e c re ta ry
G o r b a c h e v 's
s p e e c h
a t th e
p le n u m ,
i t
i s
p e rh a p s
n o t
e n tire ly
c o in c id e n ta l
th a t
th e
p ro p o s e d
cam \u00ad
paign focuses preciselyo n youth,w ho
w ere
a ls o
s in g le d
out by
th e
S o v ie t
p a rty
le a d e r
i n
th e
c o n te x t
o f
th e
n e c e ssityo f s tre n g th e n in g in te rn a tio n a \u00ad
lism ;
N ationalist trends, said
M r. G orba\u00ad
c h e v ,
c o u ld
o n ly
b e
s u c c e s s fu lly
o p \u00ad
posedb y consistent, sustained
in te rn a \u00ad

tio n a lis m , w h ic h m u s tb e p ro m o te di n every sphereo f life, firsta n d forem ost a m o n g y o u n g p e o p le .

A lso, it isin te re s tin g ton o te th a t, in
s p ite
of the
r e p e a te d
c a lls
fo r th e
"restructuring" of virtuallya 1 1 aspects of
S o v ie t
l i f e ,
th e re
a p p e a r
t o
be no

in n o v a tio n s in the p a rty 's a p p ro a c ht o id e o lo g ic a l c a m p a ig n s th a t a r e lin k e dt o S o v ie t

n a tio n a litie s
p o lic y .
A nd
th is ,
to o ,
is are fle c tio n
of M r. G o r b a c h e v 's
p o s itio no n th e n a tio n a l q u e s tio n .
G rig o re n k o
r e c a lle d ...
(C o n tin u e d
fr o m
p a g e 4 )
s to o d
a lo n e
i n
i t sp r o t e s t
d u rin gth e
e x c h a n g e , w h ic h c e n te re d
o n th e U .S .

d e le g a tio n 's rig h tt o in tro d u c ea m a tte r, lik e th e trib u te to G e n . G rig o re n k o , in to th e V ie n n a m e e tin g . T rib u te so r s ta te \u00ad m e n ts

o n
in d iv id u a l
d is s id e n tsa re
evidently rare during such parleys.
"T he
V ie n n a
m e e tin g
c a n n o t
ta k e
p la c e in an iv o ry to w e r, d iv o rc e d
fro m
re a lity ," c o m m e n te d
M r. F ro w ic k

fo llo w in g th e e x c h a n g e . '" G r ig o r e n k o 's e ffo rts in his n a tiv e c o u n try re p re s e n ta p re c u rs o r

t o
c u rre n t, p o te n tia lly
v e ry
im p o rta n t
tre n d s
re la te d
t o
o p e n n e s s
(g la s n o s t)
a n d
re s tru c tu rin g
( p e r e s -
tro ik a .)
J u s ta s c u rre n t
in itia tiv e s ,i n
p a rtic u la r, th o s e
o f G eneral Secretary
Grobachev, concerning

o p e n n e s sa n d p e re s tro ik aa re d ire c tly g e rm a n e to th e C SC E process,s o also w as the w orko f G e n . G rig o re n k o .I w o u ld s u b m it th a t G en. G rigorenko should be regardeda s a n

h e ro ic
e a rly
c h a m p io n
o ft h e s e
c o n c e p tso f o p e n n e s sa n d re s tru c tu rin g
\u2014
s oe a rly

thath e paida very heavy p ric efo r d ra w in g a tte n tio nt o e n d e m ic , s tru c tu ra l p ro b le m s in his n a tiv e c o u n \u00ad try. N ow , under these circum stances,i t se e n ^ s

e s p ^ ^ c ia lly
p a ra d Q x iq a lj
in c o p -
s is te n ta n d th u s illo g ic a lfo r o u r in te r\u00ad
v e n tio n
to beq u e s tio n e d
i np a rtic u la r
b y
th ed is tin g u is h e d
re p re s e n ta tiv eo f
th e S o v ie t U n io n ."
D u rin g
thetrib u te , M r.F ro w ic k

calledth e deceased" a great hum anita\u00ad r ia n w h o s e life w a s c lo s e ly lin k e d to the Helsinki process." T h e U .S . am bassa\u00ad d o r 's

s ta te m e n t tra c e d
G en.G rig o \u00ad
r e n k o 's
p e r s o n a l
e v o lu tio n
fro m
a
h ig h ly d e c o ra te d g e n e ra l, d e d ic a te d
C o m m u n is t
a n d
d e v o te d
p a trio t
to a
^ w e ll-k n o w n d is s id e n t.F o r h is e x p o s u r e
o f
S o v ie t
p s y c h ia tric
a b u s e
a n d
th e
p lig h t
of the C rim ean
T a ta rs
fo rc ib ly
e x ile d
fro m
th e ir
h o m e la n d
u n d e r
S ta lin ,
G en. G rig o re n k o
h a d
b e e n
c o n fin e d
to ap s y c h ia tric h o s p ita l a n d
e v e n tu a lly s trip p e do f h is S o v ie t c itiz e n \u00ad
s h ip .
S a id
M r. F ro w ic k : "It w as th e sam e
a c u te
s e n s e
o fd u ty
a n d
s e r v ic e
t o

c o u n try th a t e v e n tu a llyle d G rig o re n k o d o w n th e lo n g a n d d iffic u lt p a th to o p e n d is s e n t."

M r. F ro w ic k c o n tin u e d : " G rig o re n k o
w a s d e te rm in e d
th a t
in ju s tic e s
of the
past should neverb e repeated, that th e
v ic tim iz e d
re c e iv e
r e d r e s sa n d
th a t
hum an

d ig n ityb e re s p e c te d . N ot o n ly d id G e n . G rig o re n k o th in k th is , h e sa id ita n d

s u ffe re d
te rrib le
c o n s e q u e n c e s .
. H e,w as deem ed m ad. to have seen th e
truth apd.acted uponi t . "
S a k h a ro v
a p p e a ls
fo r
r e c id iv is ts
in
n o fo rio u s
P e rm
la b o r
cam p
JE R S E Y
C IT Y ,
N .J. -
A ndrei
S a k h a ro v ,
th e
renow ned

S o v ie t d is s i\u00ad denta n d N obel laureate,a n d a group of other M oscow

d is s id e n ts re le a s e da lis t
toth e p u b lici n la te F e b ru a ry
c o n ta in \u00ad
in g
th e
nam es
o f
2 0
S o v ie t
p o litic a l
p riso n e rs
w ho
rem ain
in c a rc e ra te d
i n
th e S o v ie t U n io na n d w h o , th e y b e lie v e ,
d e s 1 e rv e
p a rtic u la r
a tte n tio n .
T h e y
e x p re s s e d
special concern
a b o u t
th e ir
fa te s , accordingt o 0rest D eychakiw sky
o fth e U .S . H e ls in k i C o m m is s io n .

D r. Sakharov focused on a groupo f 20 recidivists,o r repeat offenders,w ho a rea ll b e in g h e ldi n th e n o to rio u s P e rm s p e c ia l-re g im e n

la b o r
cam p
N o . 3 6 -1
n e a r K u c h in o . T h isi s th e " d e a th c a m p "
w here
p ro m in e n t U k ra in ia n
d is s id e n ts
V asyl Stus, 01eksiy
T y k h y ,
Y u riy
L y tv y n a n d V a le riy M a r c h e n k o a ll d ie d .
A ll
2 0
rem ain
im p ris o n e d
fo r
" a n ti\u00ad
S o v ie t a g ita tio n
a n d
p r o p a g a n d a ,"
(A rtic le
7 0
o f
th e
R S F S R
C rim in a l
C ode),d e s p ite
th e tw od e c r e e s b y th e
P re s id iu m
of the
Suprem e
S o v ie ti n
e a rly
F e b ru a ry
th a t
g ra n te d
s e le c tiv e
p a rd o n s
t o
p riso n e rs
c h a rg e d
u n d e r
A rtic le7 0 .
T h e lis to f n a m e s in c lu d e s
1 1 U k rai\u00ad
n ia n s , a m o n g th e m
w e ll-k n o w n
U k rai\u00ad
n ia n
H e lsin k i G ro u p m o n ito rs \u041c
\u0443 \u043a 0I\u0430
H o rb a l, Iv a n

K a n d y b a ,L ev L u k ia - nenko, Ivan Sokulsky, Vasyl O vsienko a n d

V ita liy

K a ly n y c h e n k o ,a s w e lla s o th e r U k ra in ia n rig h ts a c tiv is ts su c ha s M ykhailo H oryn, Petro R uban, Sem en S k a ly c h ,

H ry h o riy
P ry k h o d k o
a n d
Vasyl M azurak.
A lso
lis te d
are tw o
L ith u a n ia n s ,
m em bers
o f
th e
L ith u a n ia n
H e ls in k i
G roup, Ba1ys G ajauskas
a n dV ik to ra s
P e tk u s ,
a s
w e lla s
E s to n ia n
M art

N ik lu s . M e s s rs . N ik lu sa n d P e tk u sa re a ls o m e m b e rso f th e U k ra in ia n H e ls in k i G ro u p .

A lso
in c lu d e d
are tw o
R ussians,

Leonid B orodina n d V yacheslav O stro~ glyad, tw o A rm enians, A shot N avasar- dyana n d A zot A rshakyan,o n e L atvian hum an

rig h ts
a c tiv is t,
G unars
A stra,
a n d
a n o th e r
E s to n ia n
d is s id e n t,E nn
T a rto .
M o re
re le a s e d
p ris o n e rs
id e n tifie d
JE R S E Y
C IT Y , N .J. -
W hileth e
nam es
o f
th re e
m ore
n e w ly
re le a s e d
U k ra in ia n
p o litic a l
p riso n e rs
w ere
re v e a le d
la s t
w eek, T he
W a s h in g to n
Post reported
s t o r i e so f
d iffic u ltie s
e n c o u n te r e d
b y
d is s id e n ts
re tu rn in g
hom e
o n ly
to bep la c e d
o np a r0 Ie o r
re fu s e d
residency perm its.

The three U krainian dissidents,V asyl Fedorenko, V asyl Ploskonis and V alen\u00ad t i n

P o h o rily , are now

p a r t of a lis to f som e only 60 know n Soviet prisoners of c o n s c ie n c e

r e le a s e d
a fte r
th e
S o v ie t
le a d e rs h ip
is s u e d
tw od e c r e e s ine a rly
F e b ru a ry p a rd o n in ga selected g ro u po f
d is s id e n ts s e rv in g
s e n te n c e s
u n d e r A r\u00ad
tic le 70 of the R u s s ia n
c rim in a l c o d e .
T he
S o v ie ts
a n n o u n c e d
th eim m inent

releaseo f 140 political prisonersa t that tim ea n d th e n p ro c e e d e d to a d d a n o th e r 1 4 0

t o
m ake
th enum ber
o fp o s s ib le
releases2 8 0 . W estern groups m onitor\u00ad
in g
S o v ie t
hum an
rig h ts ,
how ever,
in c lu d in g U S S R
N e w s B rie fi n M u n ic h
a n d
th e
U .S .H e ls in k i

C om m ission, h a v e b e e n a b let o c o m eu p w ith o n ly 6 0 \u00ad odd nam es. (0 rest D eychakiw sky of the

U .S .
H elsinki C om m ission said thatth e
num ber
1 4 0 isv ie w e d
b y th e com m is\u00ad
siona s Soviet propagandaa n d thatth e
6 0 -o d d
nam esa re m ore realistic.)
M r. Fedorenko,58, w as released
fro m

in te rn a l e x ile a fte r a lm o s t1 3 y e a rs o f in c a rc e ra tio n (1 0 y e a rsi n P e rm la b o r cam pN o . 3 6 -1 a n d under three years'

e x ile )
fo r
" a n ti-S o v ie t
a g ita tio n
a n d
p ro p a g a n d a "
stem m in g
fro m
h is a u \u00ad
th o rs h ip
o f
poem s
c ritic iz in g
the re\u00ad

gim e. H e w as arrestedo n that chargea s w ell as for attem ptingt o escape to the W est v ia C zechoslovakiai n Septem ber

1 9 7 4 .
M r. P o h o rily
w asfre e d
fro m
P e rm
labor cam p N o. 35 w here he w as
s e rv in g
a
10-year term
fo r" a n ti-S o v ie t a g ita \u00ad
tio n
a n d
p ro p a g a n d a "
a n d
fo r
p o s \u00ad
s e s s in g
a
w eapon.
M r.P o h o rily
w as
a r r e s te d
1983 or
1 9 8 4 in
L e n in g ra d .
M r.
P lo s k o n is ,5 0 , re tu rn e d
to his,
h o m e to w n
o fC herkassy,

U k ra in e ,i n la te F e b r u a r y fo llo w in g h is re le a s e fro m P e rm

labor cam p N o . 36, w here he w as
im p ris o n e d
fo r four years.
M r. P lo s k o n is w as one of n u m e ro u s
p o litic a l
p ris,o n e rs
p ro file d
in T h e

W a s h in g to n P o s t's fro n t-p a g e a rtic le o n M arch2 that revealed m any contradic\u00ad tio n s

i n
o ffic ia l
S o v ie t p o lic ie s w h ic h
h a v en o t b e e n v is ib le to the W e s t.

T h e a rtic le sa id th a t a c c o rd in gt o th e d is s id e n t's frie n d s , M r. P lo s k o n ish a d his passport confiscated upon his return to Cherkassy and w as inform ed

he w as
being placed under par0Ie fo rfiv e years.

The article went on to say that M r. P lo s k o n ish a d b e e n a rre s te dfo r p u b li\u00ad c iz in g

h is
g r ie v a n c e s
a g a in s t
lo c a l
a u th o ritie s ," th e sa m e lo c a l a u th o ritie s
th a t
G orbachev
s te r n ly
c h a s tis e d
in a
speech last June."
\u041e I(\u0433 \u0430 \u0456\u043f \u0456\u0430 \u043f \u0406\u0410 /\u0435 \u0435 \u0423 V
FO U N D E D1 9 3 3
A n
E n g lis h - ld n g u a g e
U k rd J n ia n
n e w s p a p e r
p u b lis h e d
by the
U k r a in ia n
N a tio n a l
A s s o c ia tio n
In c ., a
n o n - p r o fit a s s o c ia tio n , at 30 M o n tg o m e ryS t., J e rs e y C ity , N .J .
0 7 3 0 2 .
S e c o n d -c la s s p o s ta g e p a ida t J e rs e y C ity ,N .J . 0 7 3 0 2 .
(IS S N --0 2 7 3 -9 3 4 8 )
Y e a rly s u b s c r ip tio n
ra te : S 8 ; fo r U N A m e m b e rs-
S 5.
A ls o p u b lis h e d
by the UNA: Svoboda, aU k r a in ia n - la n g u a g e d a ily n e w s p a p e r.
T h e W e e k ly a n d S v o b o d a :
(2 0 1 ) 4 3 4 -0 2 3 7 , -0 8 0 7 , -3 0 3 6
U N A :
(2 0 1 )4 5 1 -2 2 0 0
P o s tm a s te r,
s e n d
a d d re s s
ch a n g e sto :
T h e '
U k r a in ia n
W e e k ly
P .O . B o x
3 4 6
J e rs e y C ity , N .J . 0 7 3 0 3
E d ito r : R o m a H a d z e w y c z
A s s is ta n t E d ito r s :. N a ta liaA . F e d u s c h a k
C h ry s ty n a
N .L a p y c h a k
C a n a d ia n
C o r r e s p o n d e n t: M ic h a e lB . B o c iu r k iw
T h e
U k r a in ia n
W e e k ly , M a r c h
8 , 1 9 8 7 , N o . 9 , V o l. L V
C o p y rig h t 1987 by The U k r a in ia n
W e e k ly
N o .
1 \u0404
T H E U K R A IN IA N W E E K L Y
SUNDAY, MARCH 8, 1987
Task Force respondst o ABA chief
P H O E N IX , A riz. -
The Task Force
o n
A B A -S o v ie t
R e la tio n s , a
n a tio n a l
o rg a n iz a tio n
s e e k in g d is s o lu tio n
o f
fo rm a l tie s b e tw e e n

th e A m e ric a n B a r A s s o c ia tio n (A B A ) a n d a S o v ie t o rg a n i\u00ad z a tio n , th e A s s o c ia tio n o f S o v ie t L a w \u00ad yers (A SL), has responded

to a state\u00ad m e n t b y A B A P r e s i d e n t E u ig e n e T h o m a s th a t

c ritic s
of A B A -Soviet
tie s
a re

people "scarred by the H olocaust" w ho are focused on "fam ily concerns," w hile th e A B A

is focused
on "larger issues."
T he rem ark w as m ade to the press by
A B A
P re s id e n t T h o m a s a t th e o rg a n i\u00ad
z a tio n 's
m id -y e a r
m e e tin g
i n
N ew
O rleans.

Patience T. H untw ork, a Task Force leader and spokesperson, responded as fo llo w s

t o
th e
A B A
p re s id e n t's
s ta te \u00ad
m e n t:
"M r. Thom as' statement about
o u r
g ro u p
w as
n e ith e r
fa c tu a lly
a c c u ra te

n o r p e rtin e n t to th e issu e o f th e A B A 's ties to the Soviets. Furtherm ore, it w as in a p p ro p ria te

a n d
in s e n s itiv e . T h e
H o lo c a u s t is n o t m e re ly

of concern to fam ilies of survivors. Its lesson is uni\u00ad v e rs a l.

A ll
p e o p le
m ust
s h a r e
in

th e resolve, 'N ever again.' It is a sad state of affairs w hen the president of the A m eri\u00ad can Bar Association does not appear to u n d e rs ta n d

th e fu ll im p lic a tio n s o f th e
H o lo c a u s t."
M r.
Thom as' rem arks, which
w ere
re p o rte d
i n
th e
L o s A n g e le s
D a ily
Journal, were apparently

d ire c te d a t a g ro u p o f p ic k e te rs m a rc h in g o u ts id e th e A B A 's c o n v e n tio n

h e a d q u a rte rs a t th e
tim e
o f
th e
s ta te m e n t. T h e
g ro u p
o f

p ic k e te rs in c lu d e d : Y ig a l B a n d e r, e x e \u00ad c u tiv e d ire c to r o f th e J e w is h F e d e ra tio n o f B a to n R o u g e ; R a b b i P a u l C a p la n o f B a to n R o u g e ; H in d a C a n to r , le a d e r o f

(Continuedo n page 15)
N a tio n a l M ille n n iu m
C o m m itte e 'sb o o th
te llsre lig io u s b ro a d c a s te rs a b o u t U k ra in e
W h ite H o u s e c la r ifie s
p o s itio n
W A S H IN G T O N
-
T he
W hite
H ouse
h a s c la rifie d
its p o s itio n
o n
th e
D e c la ra tio n
o f
C o o p e ra tio n
b e tw e e n th e A m e ric a n
Bar A ssocia\u00ad
tio n
a n d
th e
A s s o c ia tio n
o f S o v ie t
Law yers in a February
17 letter to th e
leaders of the Task
Force on ABA\u00ad
S o v ie t R e la tio n s .
L in a s K o je lis , s p e c ia l a s s is ta n t to
th e p re s id e n t fo r p u b lic lia is o n , w ro te
. to
P a tie n c e
H u n tw o rk
a n d
0 r e s t
J e jn a
to stress that "the adm inistra\u00ad
tio n h a s a t n o tim e ta k e n a n
o ffic ia l
p o s itio n s u p p o rtin g th is a g re e m e n t."
T h is
s ta te m e n t
is
s ig n ific a n t
b e \u00ad
cause supporters of the
U .S .-S o v ie t
law yers'
agreem ent,
in c lu d in g
th e
A B A 's
fo rm er
p re s id e n t,
W illiam
F a ls g ra f,
h a d
g o n e
o n
re c o rd
a s
s ta tin g
th a t
th e
W hite
H ouse
h a d
responded favorably to the exchange
in itia tiv e .
* 'T h e
p u r p o s e
o f
U .S .-S o v ie t
p e o p le -to -p e o p le
e x c h a n g e s is to
p ro m o te
g e n u in e
u n d e rs ta n d in g
b e tw e e n
p riv a te
A m erican
a n d
p ri\u00ad

v a te S o v ie t c itiz e n s b y p ro v id in g a n alternative to official Soviet institu\u00ad tions w hich serve to prom ote official p o s itio n s

of the
Soviet governm ent
a n d
th e
C o m m u n is t
P a rty
o f
th e
S o v ie t U n io n ," M r. K o je lis e x p la in \u00ad
ed in his letter.
" I n
th e
c a s e
o f
th e
(A B A -A S L )
agreem ent
t o
w h ic h
y o u
r e f e r ,
th e

A S L s e rv e s fu n c tio n a lly a s a c o m p o \u00ad nent part of the Soviet governm ent. T h u s , th e a d m in is tra tio n 's a p p ro y a l o f

p e o p le -to -p e o p le

e x c h a n g e s should not be construed as approval o f

a n
e x c h a n g e
b e tw e e n
A m erican
la w v e rs
a n d
a
g ro u p
s u c h
a s
th e
A S L ."
b y M a r ta B a z iu k
W A S H IN G T O N
-
A lm o st

5 ,0 0 0 p e o p le c a m e to W a s h in g to n d u rin g th e f ir s t

w eek
o f
F e b ru a ry
fo r
th e
4 4 th
a n n u a l
c o n v e n tio n
of the
N a tio n a l
R e lig io u s B ro a d c a s te rs A s s o c ia tio n , a n
o rg a n iz a tio n
fo u n d e d
t o
s a f e g u a r d
a c c e s s
t o
th e
b r o a d c a s t
m e d ia
fo r
re lig io u s b ro a d c a s tin g .

They cam e to hear speakers such as V ice-President G eorge Bush and evan\u00ad g e lis ts J e r r y F a lw e ll a n d J im m y S w a g - gart, to attend w orkshops, and to check o u t th e

m y riad
b o o th s c o v e rin g9 ,5 0 0
s q u a re
fe e t
a n d
fe a tu rin g
e v e ry th in g
fro m
B ib le
salesm en
t o
s a te llite
s e r -
T h e b o o th o f th e U k ra in ia n N a tio n a l
M ille n n iu m
C o m m itte e ,
w ith
i t s
s ig n
fla n k e d
b y
e m b ro id e ry
a n d
ic o n s
in
w ood-carved
fram es and its large m ap
o f
U k ra in e , w a s d is tin c tiv e . It d re w
a
s tr e a m
of curious visitors asking, "so
why are you folks here?"
G lo ria
y 'E d y n a k ,
o n e
of the
2 0
W ashington-area
v o lu n te e rs
w ho
m anned the booth,answ ered as follow s:
" I n
1 9 8 8
it
w ill be
1 ,0 0 0
y e a rs
s in c e
P rin c e
V o lo d y m y r
d e c la re d
th is
a re a
(p o in tin g to m a p ), n o w U k ra in e , C h ris \u00ad
tia n . T h o u g h h e ru le d fro m
K iev w hich
is th e c a p ita l o f U k ra in e , th e
R u ssian
O r th o d o x C h u r c h w ill h o ld c o m m e m o \u00ad
ra tio n s
in
M oscow ,
R u ssia.
M oscow
(C o n tin u e d o n p a g e 1 4 )
P a s to r 0 l e x a H a r b u z iu k , p r e s id e n t, A ll-U k r a in ia n E v a n g e lic a l B a p tis t F e llo w s h ip
(fa r r ig h t), w ith v o lu n te e r s a t th e U k r a in ia n M ille n n iu m
booth: (from left) G loria
y 'E d y n a k
M a c e , V o lo d y m y r P e c h e n u k , M a r ta P e r e y m a , D a r ia 8 t e c , M y k h a y lo
B o k h n o a n d M a r ta B a z iu k .
F o r m e r S o v ie t d is s id e n tsd is c u s s
tru e fa c e o f U 5 S R
b yM a r ia n n a
L iss
N EW
ORLEANS -

T hree form er Soviet dissidents s h a re d th e ir e x p e rie n c e s in th e U S S R , w h ile a tte n d in g th e

w eekend
d e m o n s tra tio n s
h e ld
h e r e
i n
m id\u00ad
F e b r u a r y
t o
p r o te s t
th e
fo rm al
D e c la ra tio n
o f
C o o p e ra tio n
b e tw e e n th e A m e ric a n .B a r A s s o c ia tio n
a n d th e A s s o c ia tio n
of Soviet Law yers.
W ith
P a tie n c e
H u n tw o rk
of the
T ask
F o rc e
o n

A B A -S o v ie t R e la tio n s a c tin g a s c a ta ly s t, q u e s tio n in g th e m a b o u t th e ir liv e s in th e S o v ie t s y s te m , a n in te re s t\u00ad in g a n d liv e ly d is c u s s io n e n s u e d .

H untw ork:
W hat
w as
it Hke growing
u p
in
th e
S o v ie t U n io n ?
D r.
Y uri
Y a r im -A g a e v
( a
p h y s ic is t
a n d

fo rm er m em ber of the Soviet A cadem y ofS c ie n c e s ): A t3 o r4 y e a rs o ld th e y te a c h y o u s o n g s a n d p o e m s a b o u t th e C o m m u n is t p a th th a t m a k e a b s o lu te ly n os e n s e to y o u at that age. And

w hen you ask your teachers, they
n e v e r e x p la in . N o
o n e
know s w hy
so m e th in g s a re
done in a particular way (even w hen one grow s up).
I r in a G r iv n in a(fo u n d in g
m em ber of the M oscow
W o rk in g
C o m m issio n
t o
In v e s tig a te
th e
U se of
P s y c h ia try
fo r
P o litic a l
P u rp o se s):
Y e s , I 'v e
e v e n
heard w here 3- or 4-year-olds present a statue of L enin
t o a picture of him
\u2014
qu1ite th e p rim itiv e re lig io n .
D r . N in a S tr o k a ta(m e d ic a l d o c to r a n d m ic ro b io lo ~
g is t,
fo u n d in g
m em ber
o f
th e
U k ra in ia n
H e ls in k i
G roup): I rem em ber
m any
frie n d s
of m y
fa th e r
speaking in the U krainian language. I w as born in 1920
a n d
rem em ber
th e
b e g in n in g s
of the
1930s. Before
W o rld W a r I I , m a n y frie n d s s to p p e d v is itin gm y

fa th e r a n d th o s e w h o d id d id n 't sp e a k U k ra in ia n . M y fa th e r's frie n d s b e c a m e v ic tim s o f re p re s s io n in th e '3 0 s . T h e y n e v e r r e tu r n e d . O n ly a fte r S ta U n 's d e a th d id m y fa th e r b e g in

t o
rem inisce, in
m y presence, about them
a n d
why they never returned.
[H ere a discussion ensued on w hati s m ost im portant
t o
b rin g
o u t in
s p e a k in g
w ith
A m e r i c a n a u d iv ,iiO v S .
Som e
lik e
D r.
A gaev
a n d
D r. S tro k a ta
th in k
th a t
p e r s o n a l
e x p e r ie n c e s
d o
n o t
m ean
a n y th in g
t o

a u d ie n c e s w h o h a v e n o t k n o w n th e S o v ie t s y s te m firs t\u00ad hand. D r. A gaev said he did not have anything very interesting to relate, since he only lost his joba s a result o f h is h u m a n -rig h ts a c tiv itie s D r . S tr o k a ta d is a g re e d w ith him

o n th is p o in t.]
S tr o k a ta : In a n o rm a l c o u n try , if y o u lo st y o u r jo b
b e c a u s e y o u s p o k e y o u r m in d w ith in a c irc le o f frie n d s ,
th is
is
c o n s id e re d
p e rs e c u tio n .
B ecause
I
d id
n o t
re p u d ia te m y h u s b a n d
(S v ia to s la v

K aravansky), m y case w as discussed at the M edical C ouncil of O dessa, a s

if I did
s o m e th in g
w ro n g . I w a s n o t p o litic a l. I
th o u g h t d iffe re n tly , b u t w a s n o t p o litic a lly a c tiv e .
H untw ork: W h y d o n 't in d iv id u a ls , w h o g e t o ffic ia l
tours see w hat you have experienced?
S tr o k a ta :A n
in d iv id u a l, a v is ito r, c a n n o t u n d e r-
s ta n d * b e c a u s e
h e is s h o w n
o n ly P o te m k in
V illa g e s .
T h e y n e v e r m e e t w ith p e o p le w h o c o u ld fre e ly s p e a k to
th e m . T h e y
m ight see the
m etro
a n d
R u ssian
f u r s ,
m a y b e th e L e n in
m ausoleum .
H untw ork:If y o u
ta k e
a
g u id e d
to u r b y
S o v ie t
la w y e rs , w o u ld y o u le a rn a b o u t th e S o v ie t s y s te m ?
S tr o k a ta :The case of m y husband taught m e about
the system .
A gaev: O ne B ritish scientist cam e to talk to Soviet
o ffic ia ls o n a p e r s o n a lb a s i s . H e v is ite d a n o ffic ia l
a n d
I interpreted exactly w hat he said to the official. I w as
h is
in te rp re te r.
T h is
w o u ld
n e v e r
h a p p e n
w ith
a n
a p p o in te d
g u id e
fro m
th e
A s s o c ia tio n
o f
S o v ie t
L aw yers.
M y e x p e rie n c e w a s m o s t fu n n y . W e w e n t d ire c tly to
th e
o ffic ia l
h e
w a n te d
t o
s e e
\u2014

m ost arrogant by Soviet standards \u2014 and I translated exactly w hat each was saying

t o
th e
other. This confused
a

s e c re ta ry w orking in the office. She w hispered tom e, "W hat are y o u d o i n g ? " S h e w a s s u r e t h a t a n o ffic ia lly

a p p o in te d
person would
n o t d o s u c h a th in g . S h e ju s t c o u ld n 't
u n d e rs ta n d
th e s itu a tio n ; it w e n t a g a in s t th e n o rm .

T h e in te rp re te r is th e first c e n s o r b e tw e e n th e S o v ie t a n d th e A m e ric a n c o u n te rp a rts . It is filte re d c o m m u \u00ad n ic a tio n

b y
th is p rim itiv e a n d
sim p le
m e th o d . Y o u
m ay not be hearing everything som eonei s saying, even
if it is a to p S oviet official, ift i ) e
in te rp re te r th in k s: h e
should be censored.
^ e
W e
becam e
in v e s tig a to rs

of this system , m aking m a n y e x p e rim e n ts u p o n it. W e w e n t v e ry d e e p in to th e w hole legal system . In a closed society you m ust go d e e p in s id e a n d c h a lle n g ei t . Iti s n o t a m a tte r o f s im p ly observing the system .

H untw ork: Y ou
have learned
m o re a b o u t
th e
s y s te m
through your ow n personal experiences?
A gaev: N o q u e s tio n a b o u t th a t. W e a ls o le a rn e d b y
b e in g
in v o lv e d
in
o th e r
p e o p le 's
cases. You
m ust
in te ra c t w ith th e s y s te m , r a th e r th a n g o in g s ig h ts e e in g
w ith th e A B A .
G r iv n in a :E ven m y law yer gave m e the w rong infor\u00ad
m atio n . Ifs h e
w o u ld h a v e to ld m e th e tr u th sh e w o u ld
have had a lot of problem s
h e rs e lf.
H untw ork:C o u ld
y o u te ll u s a b o u t th e s y s te m
o f
" u n d e rg ro u n d
law s "
b y
w h ic h
th e
S o v ie t
s y s te m
w orks?
S tr o k a ta : Y es, there are w ritten instructions w hich
are never published
a n y w h e re th a t d e a l w ith h o w
a
p a rtic u la r
c a s e
m ust be
h a n d le d .
O n ly
th o s e
i n
a u th o rity
k n o w
a n y th in g a b o u t th e s e
a d d itio n a l
in s tru c tio n s .
A gaev: Y ou see, som e parts of the law are w ritten
and pubU shed, but other parts of the sam e law are not
p u b lis h e d . ( F o r in s ta n c e , a rtic le s
1 th ro u g h
10 m ay
b e p u b lis h e d
b u t 11 th ro u g h 2 0a r e k e p t h id d e n ).
G r iv n in a : Iw as
b e in g
in te rro g a te d
b y
a
K G B
o ffic e r.
H e
h a d
o n
h is
ta b le
this (secret) set of
instructions. U sually
it is fo rb id d e n
t ok n o w
a b o u t

th e m , o r to sh o w it to a n y o n e . B u t h e m a d e a te rrib le m istake, he m ust not have been aw are of the restric\u00ad tion, because he let m e see it. A ccording to thisb o o k , th e re a re 6 4 c rim e s a g a in s t th es ta te . W h e n in d o u b t a n o ffic ia l c a n d o n o th in g o n h is o w n , e s p e c ia lly in re g a rd to p o litic a l c a s e s , b u t m u s t c o n s u lt th e K G B firs t.

A
colonel saw
m e
re a d in g
it, a n d
w ent crazy. I
p re te n d e d
I hadn't read
a n y th in g , a n d
d id n 't k n o w
a n y th in g .
(C o n tin u e d o n p a g e 8 )
of 00

Leave a Comment

You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...
You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...