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THE UKRA1N1AN WEEKLY
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1
9
8
5
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^
N
o
.
4 0
A
G L IM P S EO F S O V IE TR E A L IT Y
G e o rgia n H e ls in k i m o n ito r re -a rre s te d
U k r a in ia n
S S R 's
e n e rg y
p e rfo rm a n c e
a n a ly z e d
b y C e n tra l C o m m itte e
m em ber
b y D a v id M a r p le s
in
a
m ajo r
a r t i c l e
in
R adian sk a
U k rain a, B Y . K ach u ra, a secretary of
the C entral C om m ittee of the Commu\u2013
n ist
P arty
o f
U k rain e,
rev iew ed
th e
p e r f o r m a n c e
of the Ukrainian
S S R
in
the l!th
fiv e-y ear p lan (1 9 8 1 -1 9 8 5 ) a n d
o u tlin e d
p ro sp ec ts fo r th e fo rth c o m in g
p lan
(1 9 8 6 -1 9 9 0 )
in
th e
p r in c ip a l
b ran c h es
o f
th e .en erg y
fie ld :
n u c lear
energy, coal, oil and gas.
it sh o u ld
be stated at the outset that
M r. K ach u ra's articles are no tably m o re
b a la n c e d
th a n
th o se
o f
so m e
o f
h is
colleagues. T hey
g e n e r a lly
la c k
th e
v erb o sity
of a Shcherbytsky
speech or
a r tic l e
an d
a v o id
dram atic
o v erstale\u2013
m en ts. A t th e sam e tim e th ey are u su ally
d e ta ile d
an d
len g th y . A s a resu lt, M r.
K achura's remarks merit serious atten\u2013
tio n .
M o reo ver,
a s
a
m em b er
o f th e
E n erg y
C o m m issio n
o f
th e
S o v ie t
U n io n
an d
as first
s e c r e ta r y
o f th e
D o n eisk e O b last C o m m u n ist
P arty
o rg a n iz a tio n , th e 5 5 -y ear-o ld
en g in eer
has considerable first-hand experience
o f
th e
m ain
b ra n c h e s
o f
U k r a in e 's
en erg y in d u stry .
T ak en
o v er-all,
th e
1l th
f iv e - y e a r
plan in U kraine's energy sector has not
been a disaster. B ut neither has it been a
reso u n d in g
tr iu m p h .
M r.
K achura
notes partial successes thus far
in the
plan: that electricity capacity has been
in c r e a s e d
b y
2 1
p e r c e n t,
an d
th a t
electricity o utput has been raised by 14
p e r c e n t. P la n s fo r th e o u tp u t o f o il in
th e
rep u b lic
w ill evidently
b e o v c rfu l\u2013
fille d
fo r
th e
1 9 8 1 -1 9 8 5
p erio d. S o m e
585 industrial enterprises, and collective
and state farm s have been converted to
gas o ver this sam e p erio d, in additio n to
1.27 m illion apartm ents and residences,
including 485,004) in rural areas.
T u rn in g
t o
s p e c if ic
p r o j e c ts ,
M r.
K achura states that during the current
plan, tw o nuclear pow er plants became
operational, namely Zaporizhzhia and
S o u th
U k rain e, th e latter believed to be
lo cated
b etw een
P ry b u z h z h ia
an d
K o stia n ty n iv k a in th e M y k o la iv O b la s t.
O ver the past four years the capacity of
U k r a in e 's
n u c lear
p o w er
sta tio n s
h as
risen by 300.6 p ercen t. A t th e sam e tim e,
the plan for raising the energy capacity
of the republic has remained behind its
ta r g e ts
as a
result of delays
in
th e
c o n str u c tio n
o f th e R iv n e a n d K h m el\u2013
n y tsk y
nuclear pow er plants. M r. Ka\u2013
c h u ra
p o in ts o u t th a t
c o n str u c tio n
o r g a n iz a tio n s
w o rk in g
o n
th ese
tw o
p lan ts sh o u ld m ak e use of th e report on
th e
" p r o d u c tio n - lin e "c o n s t r u c t i o n
a t
Z a p o riz h z h ia , b y m e a n s o f w h ic h b lo c k s
com ein to operation at in terv als of one
y e a r , w ith am a x im u m
tim e lim it o f1 8
m o n th s.
it s h o u ld b e r e c a lle d th a t th e s e c o n d
o f fo u r p o w e r b lo c k s a t th e Z a p o r iz h \u2013
z h ia
p la n t
in
Ukraine (each
b lo c k
is
1.000 m egaw atts in capacity) cam e in to
o p e r a tio n
o n
J u ly
2, several m onths
a h e a d
of schedule, follow ing the com \u2013
m encem ent of power generation of the
fir s t
b lo c k
a s
r e c e n tly
a s
D ecem b er
1 9 8 4 . W hether speed is of th ee s s e n c e in
an intricate procedure such as the con\u2013
s tr u c tio n
of a
n u c le a r
p o w e r p la n t is
d e b a ta b le .
E v id e n c e
s u g g e s ts ,
m ore-
over, that the w orko n th es e c o n d pow er
b lo c k w a s le s s la b o r in te n s iv e th a n th a t
o n th ef i r s t . T h e S o v ie t a u th o r itie s h a v e
thus reduced the num bero f w orkerso n
th e p r o je c t w h ile a c c e le r a tin g th e r a teo f
construction, which
raises som e ques\u2013
tio n s
a b o u t
m a in te n a n c e
o f
s a f e ty
le v e ls,a l b e i t
sp ec u lativ e
o n es
a t
th is
s ta g e .
M r.
K achura
in d ic a te d
th e
lam en \u2013
ta b lc
s t a t e
o f
so m e
o f
th e
elec tro -
tran sm issio n lin es in th e rep u b lic . A t th e
beginning of 1985, 26 per,cent of th e 0 .4 -
10 kilovolt force lines w ere in need of
either m ajor repair or replacem ent. T he
3 5 9
m illio n
rubles allotted
fo r
th is
p u rp o se
in
the current
fiv e -y e a r
p lan
have already
b e e n
u sed
u p . T h ere h as
b e e n
a considerable
o u tla y
w ith in
th e
M in istry
of Energy and
E lec trific atio n
of the U krainian SSR
o n the dism antl\u2013
in g
o f
o b so lete
an d
" s h a b b y " e q u ip \u2013
m en t.
A cco rding
t o
M r.
K achura.
th e
capacity of the republic's nuclear pow er
sta tio n s
is to
b e
in c re a se d
b y
se v e ra l
tim es
in
th e
1 9 8 6 -1 9 9 0
p lan .
F u rth er,
n u c lear
h e a tin g
plants, such
as those
p io n eered
a t
O dessa
an d
under con\u2013
str u c tio n
a t
K harkiv
w ill " h a v e
b e e n
m astered
in p rin c ip le ." T h e m ain g o al
b e h in d th e s e p la n ts is to e c o n o m iz e o n
fu el. D u rin g th e c u rren t p lan , o v er 6 9 0
h ig h
fu el-c o n su m p tio n
"b o iler-h o u ses,
w ith "threadbare equipm ent" have been
c lo sed
down, enabling
a
sav in g
o f
3 5 0 ,0 0 0
to n s o f c o n v e n tio n a l fu el
p er
an n u m an d th e release o f 3 ,5 0 0 w o rk ers.
E n erg y -sav in g
is
in
fa c t
th e
m ain
u n d e rly in g
th e m
o f
M r.
K a c h u r a 's
article. H e cites the speech of U k rain ian
C o m m u n ist P arty F irst S ec retary v o lo \u2013
dym yr S hcherbytsky at the July plenum
o f th e C e n tr a l C o m m itte e o f th e C o m \u2013
m u n is t P a r ty o f U k r a in e , w h ic h p o in te d
out that 75 to 80 percent of the planned
in c r e a se
in
fu el
needs of the
rep u b lic
c o u ld
b e m e t th r o u g h e c o n o m iz in g o n
current resources. The concomitant
release of superfluous w orkers entailed
in this process has also occurred in the
co al
in d u stry , an d
raises q u estio n s
about the future employment of thou\u2013
s a n d s
o f
u n sk ille d
w o rk ers
in
th e
U k rain ian ec o n o m y .
T u rn in g
to
th e
co al
in d u stry ,
th e
a r tic l e
ackno w ledged
th a t
th ere
a r e
serious problem s that cannot be attri\u2013
b u te d
so lely
to
w o rsen in g
g eo lo g ic al
a n d m in in g c o n d itio n s . T h e in s titu te o f
M in in g a t D o n e ts k e a n d th e D o n e ts k e
Scientific Research institute of Coal are
ta k e n
to
ta s k
for delaying
for several
y e a r s
th e
creatio n
o f
m ach in ery
w ith
w h ic h
to
extract coal from
steep and
slo p in g
seams. M odernization
of coal
m ines is said to be at an
u n s a tis f a c to r y
level. T he
volume of coal output has
fa lle nb elo w
th e level achieved in 1980.
E ven
S o v ie t
m in isters
a r e
a d m ittin g ,
p u b lic ly o r im p lic itly , th a t th eD o n etsk e
c o a lfie ld 's fu tu r e is lim ite d . T h isp o ssi\u2013
b ility w a s e m p h a s iz e d
b y th e a sto n ish \u2013
ing statem ent m ade by RussianS F S R
P rim e
M in ister
v o r o tn ik o v
r e c e n tly
th a t th e S ib e r ia n c o a lfie ld w illa c c o u n t
for5 0 percent of th ec o u n tr y 's output by
the end of th is century, as opposed to its
current proportion of about 37 percent.
M any geophysical researchers in the
r e p u b lic a r e r e p o r te d ly
m a k in g u n \u2013
r e lia b le
p r o g n o s e s a b o u t p o te n tia l o il
a n d g a s r e s o u r c e s . A g a i n , M r. K a c h u r a 's
e m p h a s is
is
o n
m a k in g b e tte r
u se o f
existin g resources.H e cites the exam ple
o f
th e
C h e r n ih iv
O il-G a s
E x tr a c tio n
D epartm ent
o f th e
U k r n a fta
p r o d u c \u2013
tio n
association, w hich extracted
o v e r
2 5 ,0 0 0 to n s o f o il fr o m
a field that w as
th o u g h t
t o
be exhausted
b y a p p ly in g
" n ew
m ethods." But in neither field is
U k r a in ea m a jo r a r e a inth e U S S R , a n d
in the sphereo f natural gas, output in
(C o n tin u e d o n p a g e 1 5 )
JE R S E Y
C 1T Y . N .J.
-
G eo rgian
H elsinki G roup
m em b er
M e r a b K o s\u2013
tav a, 4 6 , w as arrested in a S o viet priso n
cam p
in J u n e . H e w a s c h a r g e d
u n d er
A rtic le
1 8 8 -3
o f
th e
R u ssian
S F S R
C rim in al
C o de
an d
se n te n c e d
to
tw o
years in a strict-regimen cam p, reported
U S S R
N ew s Brief based in M unich.
A rtic le
188-3 covers "m alicious dis\u2013
obedience of the dem ands of the admi\u2013
n istra tio n
of a corrective labor institu\u2013
tio n ."
M r.
K o stava.
a
m u sic o lo g ist,
w as
first arrested
in
1972 for
h is p o litic a l
a c t i v i t i e s .
H e helped
organise the
G eo rgian
in itia tiv e
G ro u p
fo r
th e
D efen se
o f
H um an
R ig h ts a n d . la te r ,
the G eorgian
H elsin k i G r o u p . H is ro le
in forming the group.led to his arrest in
1977 and a period at M oscow 's S erbsky
in stitu te fo r F o re n sic P sy c h ia try , w h ere
he underw ent an exam ination.
in
M ay
1978, M r.
K o stav a
w as
se n te n c e d
to
th ree
y e a r s
in
a
s tr ic t-
regim en cam p and tw o years of internal
exile for "anti-S o viet agitatio n
an d
p ro p ag an da"
u n d er
A rtic le
7 1
o f th e
G eo rgian
S S R
C rim in al C o de.
M r. K o stava is repo rted to be in po o r
M erab Kostava
health and
req u ired
h o sp ita liz a iio n
several times w hile
in
cam p.
H e w as
rearrested in exile in N o vem ber1 9 8 1 on
a
f a b r ic a te d
c h arg e
o f
" h o o lig a n ism "
an d
se n te n c e d
to
fiv e
years and
o n e
m o n th
in
a
camp. He was due to
b e
re le a se d
in
D ecem b er
1 9 8 6
b u t
n o w
faces im prisonm ent until D ecember
1 9 8 8 .
Z e lic h o n o kp le a d s n o t g u ilty to s la n d e r
JE R S E Y
C 1T Y . N .J.
-
A
Jew ish
scientist pleaded not guilty to charges of
"slandering the Soviet state and social
sy stem "
a t
a
tr ia l
in
L en in g rad
o n
A u g u st 8 .
R o ald
(A lec)
Z e lic h o n o k ,
4 9 , w as
se n te n c e d
to
three years' camp
u n d er
A rtic le
190-1 of the Russian
C rim in al
C o d e , th e
m a x im u m
te r m
u n d er
th is
a r tic le .
T he
c h a rg e s
aro se
fro m
a
num ber
o f
c o lle c tiv e
le tte r s
h e
h ad
w ritten and sent abroad.
F irst
a r r e s te d
o n
J u n e
1 1 ,
M r.
Z e lic h o n o k
is
o n e
o f
th e
m o st
re sp e c te d
H ebrew
te a c h e r s
am o n g
L en in g rad
Jew s. A cco rding
to
U S S R
N ew sB rief, his w ife and a friend w ere
req u ired
to
te s tif y
at the trial. G alina
Z e lic h o n o k
sa id
in her testim ony
th a t
o ffic ials
h ad
o b ta in e d
h er
h u s b a n d 's
letter illegally'and
that the "criminal"
s ta te m e n ts
fo u n d
in
th e
le tte r s
w ere
in te r p r e te d
o u t o f c o n te x t.
in
his closing statem ent at the trial,
M r. Z elic h o n o k
told the court that he
did no t have po litical m o tives in w riting
th e
le tte r s
b u t
th a t
h e
w as
sim p ly
a d v a n c in g
the right of Jews to
live in
th e ir
ow n
c o u n try
an d
p r a c tic e
th e ir
c u ltu re.
M r.
Z e lic h o n o k
h as
a p p e a le d
th e
co urt's decision. H e is reported to have
serio u s
m e d ic a l
p ro b lem s,
in c lu d in g
p o o r
c ir c u la tio n
resu ltin g
in
lam eness in both legs.
in a na p p e a l w r itte n o n th eev e o fth e
trial. M r. Z elicho no k's w ife appealed to
the w orld scientific com m unity "to do
ev ery th in g
p o ssib le"
to
h elp
h er
h u sb an d .
"1 turn
to yo u to day ... to prevent a
terrib le
in ju stic e
b e in g
d o n e
to
m y
h u s b a n d , a n in ju stic e w h ic h th r e a te n s to
b rin g
ab o u t
h is
p h y sic al
d e s tr u c tio n ,
an d
th e
d e s tr u c tio n
o f
o u r
w h o le
family," M rs. Zelichonok wrote".
U .S . b r o a d c a s ts
to
A fg h a n is ta n
N EW
Y O R K
-
R a d io
Free A fgha\u2013
n ista n
b eg an
b r o a d c a s t i n g
t o
A fghanistan
o n
T u esday .
O c to b e r
1 ,
u sin g
th e
tra n sm ittin g
f a c ilitie s
o f
R a d io
Free Europe and Radio Liberty.
A c c o r d in g to a n e w s ite m in T h e N ew
Y o rk
Times, there are
to
be two
1 5 -
m inute broadcasts per w eek in the D ari
la n g u a g e
o f
A fg h an istan .
R a d io
M o sc o w
a l r e a d y
b r o a d c a s ts
t o
A fghanistan
in
th e
D ari and
P ash to
lan g u ag es.
A statement by R FE 'R L
n o te d th a t
the broadcasts had been approved and
financed last sum m er by C ongress and
th a t
th e
broadcasts' purpose
w as "to '
b rin g
o b je c tiv e
an d
u n c en so red
new s
and information
to th e p o p u la tio n a n d
r e s is ta n c e
fo rc es
o f
S o v ie t- o c c u p ie d
A fg h an istan ."
U k ra in ia n W e e k r
FO U N D E D
1 9 3 3
A n E n g lis h -la n g u a g e U k r a in ia n n e w s p a p e r p u b lis h e d b y th e U k r a in ia n N a tio n a l
A s s o c ia tio n in c .,a n o n -p r o fit a s s o c ia tio n j t
3 0 M o n tg o m e ry S t, J e rs e yC ity , NJ .
0 7 3 0 2 .
S e c o n d -c la s s
p o s ta g e p a id a t J e rs e y C ity , N J . , 0 7 3 0 2 .
(1 S S N -
0 2 7 3 -9 3 4 8 )
Y e a rly s u b s c r ip tio n
ra te : S 8 ; fo rU N A m e m b e rs -
5 5 .
A ls o p u b lis h e d
by the
U N A : S v o b o d a , a U k r a in ia n -la n g u a g e
d a ily
n e w s p a p e r.
U N A :
(2 0 1 )4 5 1 -2 2 0 0
T h e W e e k ly a n d S v o b o d a :
(2 0 1 ) 4 3 4 -0 2 3 7 , -0 8 0 7 , -3 0 3 6
P o s tm a s te r, s e n d a d d re s s c h a n g e s to :
T h e U k r a in ia n W e e k ly
P .O . B o x 3 4 6
J e rs e y C ity , N J . 0 7 3 0 3
E d ito r
R om a
H adzew ycz
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