TH E
U K R A IN IA N
W EEKLY
S U N D A Y , JA N U A R Y
29, 1984
N o.5
A
g lim p s e
o f S o v ie t
r e a lity
S o v ie ts a tte m p t to p re c lu d e
U k r a in ia n -P o lis h c o n n e c tio n s
R e lig io u s re v iv a l r e p o r te d
in W a rs a w
P a c t c o u n trie s
, b y D r . R o m a n S o lc h a n y k
1
T h e S o v ie t m e d ia -in
U k r a in e r a r e ly
; ' a c k n o w le d g e th e e x is t e n c e o f U k r a in ia n
n
c o m m u n itie s in n e ig h b o r in g E a st E u ro \u2013
'! pean states. A s a rule, the activities of
U k r a in ia n s in P o la n d , C z e c h o s lo v a k ia ,
R u m a n ia
o r Y u g o s la v ia
are sim ply
ig n o r e d b y th e p r e s s in K ie v .
A
c a s e
in
point is a recent item
in
R a d ia n s k a
U k r a in a a b o u t th e v is it to
B r a tis la v a
o f th e
b a lle t tr o u p e o f th e
K iev State
Opera and
B a lle t T h e a te r .
T h e a r tic le r e p o r te d th a t th e s ta g in g o f
Y evhen Stankovych's "O lha" had been
a great success and that the residents of
K iev's sister city
w o u ld
a lso \u2013 h a v e th e
o p p o r tu n ity
t o
s e e
T c h a ik o v s k y 's
"Sleeping Beauty" in the course of the
o u r .
R ep resen tatives
o f th e
C u ltu r a l
n io n
o f
U k r a in ia n
Toilers of the
Cz e c h o slo v a k
S o c ia lis t
R e p u b lic w e r e .
P resum ably
o n
h a n d
t o
g r e e t
th e ir
cthren from
K iev, the norm al proce\ue000
dure on such occasions, yet readers of
R a d ia iK k a
U k r a in a
w ill s e a r c h in v a in
Ior any reference to the union or to the
e x is t e n c e o fa c o m p a c t U k r a in ia n c o m \ue000
m u n ity in S l o v a k i a .
T h e r e a s o n s fo r K ie v 's s ile n c e o n th e
issue of U krainian m inorities in E astern
E u r o p e
a r e
n o t d iffic u lt
t o
fa th o m .
U k r a in ia n s
in
P o la n d
o r
C zech o slo \ue000
v a k ia p r o v id e a n o p e n in g t o th e W e st
fo r th e ir c o -n a tio n a ls in th e U k r a in ia n
SSR, and
th is is o b v io u s ly s o m e th in g
th a t K iev is n o t in te r e ste di n p r o m o tin g .
T he
East European
regim es also have
n o d e s ir e t o b u ild b r id g e s . T h e y w o u ld
prefer their Ukrainian com m unities to
becom e
a ssim ila ted
a s
r a p id ly
a s
possible, and the less contact w ith K iev
the better.
For obvious reasons, the problem of
'lin k a g e s to E a ste r n E u r o p e b e c o m e s a ll
th e
m ore serious
u n d e r c o n d itio n s o f
in s ta b ility
in th e S o v ie t b lo c . T h is w a s
c le a r ly
dem onstrated
d u r in g
the Cze\ue000
c h o slo v a k
crisis in
1968 w ith regard to
th e
U k r a in ia n
m in o rity
in
S lo v a k ia .
R e c e n tly , tw o S o v ie t p u b lic a tio n s h a v e
called attention to a sim ilar scenario in
th e
c o n te x t
o f w h a t th e
Soviet press
r o u tin e ly
d e s c r ib e s
a s
" th e e v e n t s in
P o la n d ."
In a b o o k
t it le d
"Anatomy of Trea\ue000
s o n ,'' w hich is m eant to be a survey of
th e a lle g e d
a n ti-S o v ie t a c tiv itie s o f
U k r a in ia n
"bourgeois nationalists"
fr o m
the 1920s to the present, V italiy P.
C herednychenko devotes several pages
t o w h a t m ig h t b e te r m e d th e U k r a in ia n
D is s id e n t s k e tc h
Lubom yr
S ta ro s o ls k y
B O R N : M ay 8, 1955.
O C C U PA T IO N : U nknow n.
L A T E S T
A R R E S T : 1980.
C H A R G E : "T heft of slate property"
u n d er
A r tic le
8 1
o f th e
U k r a in ia n
C r im in a l C o d e . T h e c r im in a l c h a r g e ,
h o w ever, stem m ed from
h is in v o lv e \ue000
m ent
w ith
th e
U k r a in ia n
n a tio n a l
m ovem ent.
S E N T E N C E : S ix
y e a r s in
a
la b o r
cam p.
P R E V IO U S
TERM :
1 9 7 2 -7 4 fo r
" a n ti-S o v ie t
a g ita tio n
a n d
p r o p a \ue000
g a n d a ."
CAM P
A D D R E SS:
M r. fStaroso!\u2013
s k y is b e in g h e ld in a c r im in a l c a m p .
c o n n e c tio n
in
P o la n d .
H e
fo cu ses
a tte n tio n o n U k r a in ia n o r g a n iz a tio n s in
th e
W est which, he claim s, sought to
e x a c e r b a te th e s itu a tio n
in P o la n d ,
a c tin g
" o n
instructions of the special
s e r v ic e s o f th e U .S .A . a n d o th e r N A T O
c o u n tr ie s ."
O ne of their purposes, he w rites, w as
" to
dissem inate, 'if possible,' 'the ex\ue000
p e r ie n c e ' o f th e
P o lis h
co u n terrevo lu \ue000
tio n
in other socialist countries, expe\u2013
c ia lly
in
th e
n e ig h b o r in g
U k r a in ia n
S S R ."
A c c o r d in g
to \u2013 M r . C h e r e d n y \ue000
c h e n k o , U k r a in ia n
p u b lic a tio n s in th e
W est discussed developm ents in Poland
in
a
fa sh io n
th a t w a s " n o t o n ly a n ti-
Polish and anti-socialist, but also anti-
S o v ie t a n d p r o v o c a tiv e ." .
T h e y fa ls ifie d P o la n d 's r e la tio n s w ith
tsarist R ussia and the U SSR , argues the
author, and charged
th e S o v ie t U n io n
w ith in v a d in g P o la n d in 1 9 3 9i n c o n c e r t
w ith
N azi
G erm any
a n d
fa ilin g
t o
provide aid during the W arsaw Upris\ue000
in g .
S u c h
a c c u s a tio n s ,
in sists
M r.
C herednychenko,
"are false
fr o m
b e\ue000
ginning to end and w ere long since de\ue000
b u n k e d
b y
S o v ie t
s c h o la r s h ip ."
U k r a in ia n
" b o u r g e o is
n a tio n a \ue000
lis t s "a r e
s a id
t o
h a v e
sla n d e r e d
th e
S o v ie t
social and
political system
b y
charging that Sov,iet forces w ere group\ue000
edi n w esternU k r a in ei n preparation for
a n in v a s io n o f P o la n d a n d th a t S o v ie t
w orkers conducted
strikes as a sign of
protest against the occupation
of Po\ue000
la n d .
A s e v id e n c e
o f c o o p e r a tio n
in this
nasty business betw een
U k r a in ia n a n d
P o lis h
" c o u n te r r e v o lu tio n a r ie s " in th e
W est, M r. C herednychenko notes that
s e v e r a l
P o lis h -U k r a in ia n
s c h o la r ly
c o n fe r e n c e s
h a v e
b e e n
o r g a n iz e d , in \ue000
c lu d in g
a sy m p o siu m
in 'M u n ic h
in
O ctober
1 9 8 0 , w h ic h
is
s a id
t o
h a v e
o u tlin e d" a p r o g r a m o f a c tiv itya im e d a t
separating Ukraine from
th e U S S R , th e
w ith d r a w a l o f P o la n d fr o m
the so cialist
c o m m u n ity ,
a n d
th e
c r e a tio n
of a
'W arsaW -K iev axis.' "
Tow ards,the end of his presentation,
M r. Cherednychenko
r e fe r s
t o
th e
U k r a in ia n m in o r ity in P o la n d :
" T h e m a ina im
of th e subversive w ork
fr a n tic a lly
e n g a g e d
in
b y
U k r a in ia n
b o u r g e o is
n a tio n a lis ts
o n
the instruc\ue000
tio n s o f th eir im p erialist m asters w as to
d r a w th e U k r a in ia n e th n icg r o u p , w h ic h
to ta ls a b o u t 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 p e o p le , in to c o u n \ue000
te r r e v o lu tio n a r y
a c tio n s
a g a in s t
so \ue000
c ia lis m
in the
P e o p le 's
R e p u b lic o f
P o la n d ."
T h is p r o v e d
to be a failure, he says,
inasm uch
a s th e a b s o lu te
m ajo rity
o f
U k r a in ia n s in P o la n d , " r e g a r d le s s o fth e
e x i s t i n g
d iffic u ltie s
in t h e c o u n t r y ,
.n a n ife ste d
a n d
c o n tin u e
t o
m an ifest
n ig h
p o litic a l
co n scio u sn ess
a n d
a n
u n d e r sta n d in g
of their
r e sp o n sib ilitie s
to th e s o c ia lis t fa th e r la n d a n d d e m a n d \ue000
ed that an end be put to the destructive
a c tiv itie s o f c o u n te r r e v o lu tio n a r y fo rces
and that the country he protected from
e c o n o m ic
chaos and
a n a r c h y
in its
s o c ia l a n d . p o litic a l life
a n d
fr o m
th e
in c e s s a n t
p r o v o c a tiv e
a c tiv itie s
o f
W estern centers of subversion."
T h e U k r a in ia n c o n n e c t io n in P o la n d
a ls o
c r o p s u p in a tw o -p a r t a r tic le b y
V ik to r
T so p p i
p u b lis h e d
in
N ovoye
V r e m ia
a t
th e
en d
o f
la s t y e a r . T h e
article, titled
"O nce
T h ey
S e r v e d
th e
Fuehrer, N ow
T h e y S e r v e R e a g a n ," is
part of a broad propaganda cam paign
in itia te d a tap r e ss c o n fe r e n c ei n K ie v o n
N ovem ber
2 2 ,
1983, to
"expose" the
a n ti-S o v ie t
a c tiv itie s
o f
U k r a in ia n
(C o n tin u e d
o n
p a g e
1 5 )
J E R S E Y C IT Y . N .J . -
Y o u n g p e o p le
in
E astern
E u r o p e a r e 'tu r n in g to r e li\ue000
g io ni n e v e r -in c r e a s in g num bers,a tr e n d
experts say signifies a m arked spiritual
r e v iv a l in
tfie
W arsaw
Pact countries,
a c c o r d in g
to Jam es
M arkham
of The
N ew
Y o rk T im es.
' The renew al has bolstered the C atho\ue000
lic ,P r o te sta n t a n d O r th o d o x fa ith s th a t
a r e th e m a jo r r e lig io n s in th e r e g io n .
" P a r tic u la r ly
in
Hungary, Czecho\ue000
s lo v a k ia ,
E a st
G erm any
a n d
P o la n d ,
c le r g y m e n
a n d
s c h o la r s
sa y
g r o w in g
num bers of people
are turning to\u2014
o r
turning back to -
C hurches that, under
M arxist theory, should be on the road
t o
e x tin c tio n ,"
w ro te
M r. M arkham .
" In
c itie s
in
B u lg a r ia
a n d
R u m a n ia ,
there are reports of increased church-
g o in g , b u t few s ig n s o fa m a jo r r e v iv a l."
A c c o r d in g
t o
M r.
M arkham
th e
m ovem ent
tow ard
r e lig io n
is n o t a
p h e n o m e n o n , b u t it in c lu d e s a n e v e r -
in c r e a s in g n u m b e r o f y o u n g p e o p le a n d
o n c e s e c u la r -m in d e d in te lle c tu a ls .
"Students of Eastern Europe say one
th r e a d
c o n n e c tin g
the different
situ a \ue000
tions of the W arsaw Pact nations is the
in te lle c tu a l e x h a u s tio n
of the M arxist
state ideology, which in the 1950s was
preached w ith the fervor ofa religion,"
w ro te
M r. M arkham . He said
th a t
m a n y o f th e y o u n g p e o p le a n d in te lle c \ue000
tuals are asking the larger questions of
hum an
e x is t e n c e
a n d
fin d in g
th e
answers provided
b y o ffic ia l C o m n tu \u2013
n ist d o c tr in e to ta lly u n sa tisfy in g .
G overnm ent
r e a c tio n
t o
th e r e v iv a l
d iffe r s in in d iv id u a l c o u n tr ie s , a c c o r d \ue000
ing to M r. M arkham .
"In Hungary and East Germ any, the
renewal is occurring in an atm osphere
o f r e la tiv e e c o n o m ic
plenty an"d w ary
tolerance by the state; in
P o la n d , it is
occurringi n conditions of hardship and
considerable Church autonom y; and in
C z e c h o s lo v a k ia ,
am id
fie r c e
sta te r e \ue000
p ressio n ,
p a r tic u la r ly
o f
th e
R om an
C a th o lic C h u r c h ," h e w r o te .
T he
m ain
im petus
fo r
the renewal
w as,
in
M r.
M a r k h a m 's v ie w , th e^
n a m in g in
1978 of K arol W ojtyla, the'
archbishop of C racow , as the first East
(C o n tin u e do n p a (e
IS )
A fg h a n s ra id S o v ie t te rrito ry
M ESH ED,
Ir a n
-
T w o
A fg h a n s
id e n tify in g
them selves as insurgent
le a d e r s h a v e s a id in in te r v ie w s h e r e th a t
their forces h a v e c a r r ie d out r a id s across
th e
S o v ie t
b o r d e r , la y in g m in e s o n
r o a d s,a tta c k in g iso la te d c u sto m s p o sts
and am bushing
p a tr o ls ,
r e p o r t e d
R eu ters.
T h ey
s a id
th e y
la s t
r a id e d
S o v ie t
territory about tw o w eeks ago as part of
w hat
th e y
described lis a
" h o ly w a r "
against Soviet and Afghan governm ent
tr o o p s
in
A fg h a n ista n 's
n o rth w estern
province of H erat.
T h e g u e r r illa s , w h o
have offices in
Teheran, the Iranian c a p ita l, a n dh e r e in
th is eastern city a b o u t5 0 m iles fro m th e
A fghan border, said they form ed one of
seven insurgent groups belonging to an
o r g a n iz a tio n c a lle d th e I s la m ic A llia n c e
o f A fg h a n
M ujahedeen.
In their attack
on a Soviet custom s
p o st o f T o tg h o n d i, o n th e S o v ie t
a n d
A fghan border, th e guerrilla representa\ue000
tiv e s
s a id ,
th e ir
fo r c e s
k ille d
se v e r a l
g u a r d s
a n d
c a p tu r e d
som e
arm s and
a m m u n itio n .
M oham m ad
K h e ir h a h , w h o s a id h e
w as a rebel political officer in the H erat
a r e a ,
s a id
th e fig h tin g
w as
v ir tu a lly
in c e s s a n t
in
th e
a r e a
a n d
th a t S o v ie t
b o m b a r d m e n ts w e r e k illin g m a n y c iv i\ue000
lia n s .
A n o th e r
in su r g e n t,
M oham m ad
A sghar,
w ho
s a id
h e
w as
a
m ilita ry
com m ander, said
S o v ie t
a n d
A fg h a n
g o v e r n m e n t t r o o p s in
H e r a t P r o v in c e
w ere u n d er c o n tin u o u s h a ra ssm en t,
m o v in g
o n ly
in c o n v o y s a n d r a r e ly
leaving heavily guarded barracks.
I n
other developm ents, The New
Y o rk
T im e s r e p o r t e d o n
January 24;
th a t A fg h a n
President Babrak K arm al
r e c e n tly
r e p la c e d
at least three top
m ilita ry m en in a n a ttem p t to h a lt th e
reverses suffered
by his soldiers in
fighting w ith insurgents.
A c c o r d in g
to diplom atic sources in
N ew D e lh i, th e sh a k e -u p fo llo w e da s ix -
h o u r
m eeting
th a t
P resid en t
K arm al
reportedly held
w ith s e n io r p a r ty a n d
D e fe n s e M in istr y o ffic ia lso n J a n u a r y 8 .
T he W estern source also said that 50
A fg h a n g o v e r n m e n t tr o o p s w e r e k ille d
o n
J a n u a r y
13 in
a n
am bush
b y th e
in s u r g e n ts
n e a r
K a b u l, th e
A fg h a n
c a p ita l.
H e
also reported a
series of
a ssa ssin a tio n s
o f
p a r ty
o ffic ia ls
a n d
r e g im e
fo llo w e r s
in the capital last
w e e k , in c lu d in g th a t o f a S o v ie t m ilita r y
o ffic ia l.
T h e o ffic ia l, b e lie v e d
to b e th e m ili\ue000
ta r y a tta c h e a t th e S o v ie t E m b a ssy in
K a b u l, w a s id e n tifie d , by one d ip lo m a tic
source asa
M a jo r G e n . K a r a k h m a n o v ,
according to U nited Press International.
H e w as said to have been shot January
18
w h ile
d r iv in g
th r o u g h
th e
so u th \ue000
western part of the A fghan capital.
U krainian W eelclV
F O U N D E D
1 9 3 3
U k r a in ia n w e e k ly n e w s p a p e r p u b lis h e d b y th e U k r a in ia n N a tio n a l A s s o c ia tio n ln c ..- a f r a te r n a l
n o n - p r o fit a s s o c ia tio n , a t 3 0 M o n tg o m e ry S t., J e rs e y C ity , N J . 0 7 3 0 2 .
(T h e U k r a in ia n W e e k ly-
USPS 570-870)
A ls o p u b lis h e db y th e U N A : S v o b o d a ,a U k r a in ia n - la n g u a g e d a ily n e w s p a p e r.
T h e W e e k ly
a n dS v o b o d a :
(201) 434-0237, 434-0807, 434-3036
Y e a rly s u b s c rip tio n ra te :5 8 ,U N A
m e m b e rs-
J 5 .
U N A :
(2 0 1 ) 4 5 1 -2 2 0 0
P o s tm a s te r, s e n d a d d re s s c h a n g e s to :
T H E U K R A IN IA N W E E K L Y
P 0 . B ox
3 4 6
J e rs e y C ity . N J . 0 7 3 0 3
E d ito r R o m a
H adzew ycz
A s s o c ia te e d ito r
G e o rg e B o h d a n Z a ry c k y
A s s is ta n t e d ito r . M a r t i K o lo m a y a ts
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