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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, pictured in the 1930s
Born
Died
Cause of death
Nationality
Other names
Mahatma Gandhi
Education
Known for
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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
મોહનદાસ
કરમચદં
ગાધં ી
,
IPA
) (2 October 1869– 30 January 1948) was a major political and spiritual leader of Indiaand theIndian independence movement.He was the pioneer
of
—resistance totyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon
or totalnon-violence —which led India toindependenceand inspired movements for civil
rights and freedom across the world. He is commonly known around the world as
MahatmaGandhi
महातमा
or "Great Soul", anhonorific first applied to him by
Rabindranath Tagore) and in India also as
Bapu
બાપ ુ
bāpu
or "Father"). He isofficially honoured in Indiaas the
, anational holiday, and worldwide as theInternational
Day of Non-Violence.Gandhi first employed non-violentcivil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer inSouth Africa, in
the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he setabout organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers in protesting excessive land-tax anddiscrimination. Assuming leadership of theIndian National Congressin 1921, Gandhi lednationwide campaigns for easing poverty, for expanding women's rights, for building religiousand ethnic amity, for endinguntouchability,for increasing economic self-reliance, but above all
for achieving
—the independence of India from foreign domination. Gandhi famously ledIndians in the Non-cooperation movement in 1922 and in protesting the British-imposed salt tax
with the 400 km (249 mi)Dandi Salt Marchin 1930, and later in calling for the British to
in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, on numerous occasions, in both South Africaand India.As a practitioner of Ahimsa Gandhi swore to speak the truth,and advocated that others do the
same. He lived modestly in aself-sufficient residential communityand wore the traditionalIndian
. He ate simplevegetarianfood, and also undertook longfastsas means of both self-purification and social
protest.
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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
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