th e y d e s c r ib e dth e c r a c k d o w nb y la b o r - c a m p o ffic ia ls

leaders tob e w iry of Soviet anti-nuclear rhetoric, and noted that peace m arches in the W est are "suppo rted vo cifero usly b y S o v ie t p r o p a g a n d a ."

U k r a in ia n s , th e letter w as signed by H einrich A ltunian, V la d im ir

A le x a n d e r O g o r o d n ik o v , V ik to r N it s o o , A n a ta n a s T e r lia t s k a s ,

All of the m en are currently incar\u00ad cerated in C am p N o . 36, part o f th e vast penal co m plex in the city o f Permi n the northern regions of the R ussian SFSR . A

sam e priso ners w ith the exceptio n o f M essrs. L ubm an

B oth letters dealt w ith a 1982 Easter incident, w hen cam p guards broke up a ho liday supper attended by1 4p r i s o n e r s . A c c o r d in g

M rs. Eleanor R o o sevelt w as sh o w n exem p lary S o viet priso ners readingB ib le sa n d K orans are lo n g

o u r tim es,p r is o n e r s c a n n o t o b t a in a B ib le e v e n

s t r ik e s lasting m any m o nths, access to a priest for confession

o u t o f th e question, crosses are forcibly rem oved in prisons and during transportation to places o f co nfinem ent, and the carrying o u t o fa n y r e lig io u sr i t e s , e v e np r a y e r , is fo r b id d e n ."

The prisoners also asked the pope to intervene w ith W estern peace and anti- n u c le a r g r o u p s b y r e la y in g t h e ir c o n \u00ad c e r n th a t th e S o v ie t s a r e m a n ip u la tin g the freeze

They also asked the pontiff to convey their protest to Patriarch Pim en, head o f the o fficially-san ctio n ed

R u ssian O rthodox C hurch,and to M etropolitan F ila r e t , p a t r ia r c h a l e x a r c h o f U k r a in e . T h e y s a id th a t th e ir o w n a p p e a ls t o th e h ie r a r c h s

support actions a im e d a t r e a liz in g " th e f o r m a t io n o f a r e p r e s e n t a t iv e

o r g a n iz a \u00ad tio n "th a t w o u ld fu n c tio n in th e tr a d i\u00ad tio n o f th e p re-13th -C o n gress U C C A .

th e ir decisio n in the form o fa reso lutio n, the fu ll t e x t o f w h ic h a p p e a r s o n p a g e 3 .

P o in tin g t o th e a b s e n c e o f w illin g n e s s t o c o m p r o m is e a n d o f g o o d w ill o n t h e p a r t o f t h e " U k r a in ia n L ib e r a t io n F r o n t rep resen tatives in the U C C A ," as w ell as to tile condem nation by the Liberation F r o n t

C a th o lic h ie r a r c h s ' a p p e a l t o th e fa ith \u00ad fu l a n d t h e le a d e r s o f U k r a in ia n c o m \u00ad m u n ity o r g a n iz a t io n s , th e U N A o ffic e r s c o n c lu d e d

The officers w ent on to state in their resolution: "Therefore, we charge our r e p r e s e n t a t iv e s

co stals w ho have spent nearlyfiv e years cloistered in the U .S. Em bassy here left the com pound on April 12 and returned to their hom etown in Siberia.

diplo m atic stalem ate w h ic hh a s dragged on since June 27, 1978, when she, her parents,tw o sistersa n d the Chm ykhalovs burst past guards and into the em bassy in a desperate effo rt to gain assistance in their bid to

le a v e th e S o v ie t U n io n . A bro ther w as caught, beatena n d dragged off before he reached the em bassy.

T h e S o v ie t s h a d m a in ta in e dth a t th e y w ould consider the group's request only a fte r

V ashchenko, L id ia 's s is t e r , a s t h e g r o u p w a s d e p a r t \u00ad in g

h e r fa m ily , parents Petro and A ugustina, and sister Lilia, seem ed

C h m y k h a lo v , 2 0 , c a lle d the departure fro m the em bassy" a risk, a big risk."

" T h e m a in t h in g I w a n t t o te ll y o u ," he to ld reporters, "is that peo ple sho uld not forget us now."

A m e r ic a n e m b a s s y o f f ic ia ls d e c lin e d c o m m e n t o n w h a t r o le t h e y m ig h t h a v e p la y e d

w as a relief to the A m erican s, w h o have been unable to convince them over the y e a r s

le a v e , a n d fo rt h r e e m o n th s they cam pedi n th e w a itin g r o o m

of the consular section, fed by em bassy em ployees. Eventually, tw o

ro o m s w ere fo u n d fo r th e s e v e n , w h e r e th e y liv e d , doing odd jobs arourd the em bassy.

bring results, M rs. V ashchenko a n d d a u g h t e r L id ia d e c la r e d a fa s t a n d despite telephone calls from

form er President Jim m y Carter vow ed to carry on until th e ir f a m ilie s c o u ld e m ig r a te .

After 34 days, the em bassy decided th a t L id ia n e e d e d h o s p it a liz a t io n , a n d she was rushed to a M oscow

return to C hernogorsk to take charge o f her yo unger bro thers and sisters. In all, there are 21

the representatives of the Ukraii nian Fraternal A ssociation, to support th e a lr e a d y

p r o p o s e n e w a c t io n s a im e d a t r e a liz in g in the briefest possible tim e \u2014 and not la te r th a n b y th e e n d o fth is y e a r -

22, 1982, which stated: 'W ithth e constant consul\u00ad ta tio n a n d fu ll c o o p e r a t io n o f a ll o th e r m em b ers o fth e C o m m ittee fo rL aw an d O rder

of a representative com m u\u00ad n ity o r g a n iz a t io n , w h ic h w ill c o n t in u e the traditio n o f the U C C A prio r to the 13th C o ngress and its predecesso rs...' "

o rder and co nducted by Suprem e P resi\u00ad dent John O . Flis. In attendance w ere: Suprem e

Paschen, Suprem e Secre\u00ad tary W alter S o ch an , Suprem e T reasurer U la n a D ia c h u k a n d S u p r e m e O r g a n iz e r Stefan Hawrysz.

Each o fficer delivered a repo rt at the m eeting. First to speak was M rs. D ia\u00ad c h u k .

suprem e treasurer began her 1982 report inform ingth e Executive C o m m itte e o fn e w

investm entsi nb o n d s, totaling 5693,978.53 and m ortgages to taling 5204,000, as w ell as m atured o r so ld

had increased its a s s e ts b y 5 1 ,2 7 8 ,5 6 5 , b r in g in g th e to ta l t o 5 4 7 ,8 7 9 ,4 2 7 in

1982. N et inco m e o n investm ents w as 7.6 percent, an increase o f

T o ta l inco m e cam e to 58,425,732, or7 percent m ore than

1981. Interest on invest\u00ad m ents to taled 53,684,536, an increase of 17.5 percent.

A ll e x p e n d it u r e s to ta le d 5 7 ,1 4 7 ,1 6 7 , an increase of 5687,858, or 10.6 percent m o re

1981. If one were to subtract the general costs of the 1982 c o n v e n t io n , w h ic h w a s 5 3 5 4 ,3 8 1 , th e n the ,ncrease in disbursem ents was 5.1 p e r c e n t .

H elsinki G roupi s parto f a g r o u po f fo rm e r p o litic a l p ris o n e rs a n d

c rim in a l r a th e r th a n o v e rtly p o litic a l o ffe n s e s . This practice, devised

A lo n g -tim e U k r a in ia n a c tiv is ta n d advocateo f U krainian independence, M r. Lesiv joinedth e H elsinki G roup in Septem ber 1979. O ne m onth later, S o v ie t a u th o r itie s fra m e d

Ivano-Frankivske region, M r. Lesiv w as orderedt o leave his clothes ina n a d j'e irrin g

u n d e r A rticle 229 of th e U k ra in ia n C rim inal C ode.

sentenced to an additional five years' im prisonm ent. H e is currently serving h is

a c tiv is ts , n o ta b ly Z in o v iy K ra s iv s k y ,a p o e ta n d p h ilo \u00ad lo g is t.

In 1964, M r. Lesiv, then2 1 , joined M r . K ra s iv s k ya n d s ix o th e r le a d in g a c tiv is ts in the re g io ni n fo rm in gth e U k ra in ia n

their program . M em bers a ls o published th e ir lite ra ry w o rk s in an a n th o lo g y , "M esnyk" ("Avenger").

M essrs. L esiva n d K rasiv- sky,w ho w ere sentenced, respective\u00ad ly , to six and fiv e y e a r s ' im p ris o n \u00ad m e n t.

y e a rs in a la b o r c a m p , fiv ei n p ris o n and fivei n internal e x ile ; Vasyl D iak, tw o y e a r s in a la b o r c a m p ,,fiv e y e a r s in ' p ris o n ' a n 'd 'frv e in te r n a l e x ile ';'tv a ri H ubka,a n

s h o rt-liv e d . A fte r jo in in gth e U k ra i\u00ad n ia n H e ls in k i G r o u p , fo rm e din 1 9 7 6 to m o n ito r S o v ie t c o m p lia n c e w ith th e h u m a n -rig h ts p ro v is io n so f th e1 9 7 5 H e ls in k i

b a rs , p a rtic u la rlyi n lighto f his re-arrest w hile in prison in 1981 just

Sergei Khodorovich, w h o a d m in is te r e d e x ile d S o v ie t w r ite r 's A le x a n d e r S o lz h e n its y n 's d is s id e n ta id fu n d

le a d e r w h ow as a c tiv ei n e m ig re c irc le s b e fo re re tu rn in gt o P o la n d tw o y e a rs a g o w e n t b e fo re

The trial of the form er em igre,E d\u00ad m u n d B a lu k a , w h o h a d liv e d a b r o a dfo r nearlya decade, is o n e o f several trials o f S o lid a rity m e m b e rsn o w u n d e r w a y , r^ d rW d -T fie'N ew ^ Y 'O tk -T irfres.

s u p p r e s s e d but that led to the oustero f W ladyslaw G o m u lk a , th e nth e P o lis h le a d e r.

fre e tr a d e u n io n . The authorities triedt o arrest him ,b u t w o rk e rs

re p o rts th a t he w as on a h u n g e r s tr ik e . H e w a s fo rm a lly c h a rg e d , th e o ffic ia l p r e s s s a id , w ith a d v o c a tin g th e o v e rth o w

P o lis h c a p ita l,a n d a n o th e r 2 0 0a re re p o rte d ly u n d e r in v e s tig a tio n .

Last m onth, M r. R epin, 32, recanted h is a c tiv itie s on a L e n in g r a d T V b r o a d \u00ad c a s t,

zhenitsyn early last year,h e rem arked; "Thati s what presentsa threat to the C o m m u n is ts\u2014

Three Soviet hum an- r ig h ts a c tiv is ts h a v e b e e n s e n te n c e d th is m o n th

N a tio n a l L a b o r A llia n c e ( N T S )a n d t h e u n o ffic ia l la b o r

T h e S o v ie ts m ay have been involvedi n the attem ptt o a s s a s s in a te

A le x ie v ,a n analysto f Soviet and E ast E uropean affairs withth e Rand Corp., Pope J o h n

P a u l II has had a r e v ita liz in g effecto n th e C h u rchi n S o v iet-b lo c countries becauseo f h is staunch o p p o s itio n

t o C o m m u n is t r e g im e s , p a r tic u la r ly in P o la n d , w h e r e h e w a s c lo s e ly tie d w ith C ardinal Stefan W yszynski.

M r. A lexiev m ade h is observations ina n a r tic le p u b lis h e d in th e M a r c h 30 issueo f th e W all Street Journal.

C z e c h o s lo v a k ia ,fo r e x a m p le , th e C a th o lic C h u r c hi s e x p e r ie n c in g w hat

bishops for the underground church," w r o te M r. A le x ie v . " Ina b o ld e ffo r t t o

p r o h ib itin g a n y p o litic a l a c tiv itie sb y p riests, w hich w as seen by m any as a d ir e c t a tta c ko n p r o -r e g im e C a th o lic o r g a n iz a tio n s th r o u g h

hom ogehously C a th o lic S o v ie t r e p u b lic , th e C h u r c h h a s

d r a m a tic revival since the early 1970s, and has em erged as th e m o st m ilitan t C hurch inth e S o v ie t U n io n .

W ith in w e e k so f th e p o p e 's e le c \ue000 tio n ,L ith u a n ia n p r ie s ts o r g a n iz e da C atholic C om m itteefo r the D efense o f

a s s is tth e h ie r a r c h y in p u b lic iz in ga n d r e s is tin g th e

c h u r c h o ffic ia ls , c o n s id e r e d c o lla b o r a to r s b y m ost

p o p e bestow ed the cardinal's hati n pectore t o

th e h e a d o fth e irC hurch, e v e n th o u g h h eh a s liv e di n in te r n a l e x ile fo r o v e r 20 years becauseo f h is oppositiont o the regim e's policies.

C hurch, as it is also know n, h a s fo r centuries com m and\ue000 e d

o b v io u s ta r g e to f th e S o v ie t d r iv et o e x tir p a te U k r a in ia n n a tio n a lis m a n d wasth e only Church

M r . A le x ie v a d d e d th a tth e p lig h t o f U k r a in ia n C a th o lic s ,w ho h e s a id have been persecuted and victim ized liken o other Church

"the seem ing lacko f interesto n th e parto f John Paul H 's predecessors, w ho

P a u l H 's com m itm ent to the C hurch,M r. A le x ie v

" D e s p ite p a r tic u la r ly b r u ta lK G B suppression, an underground church w ith as m any as 500 priests and three b is h o p si s r e p o r te d to be flo u r is h in g inth e U k r a in e ," M r . A le x ie v r e p o r t\ue000

Groupfo r th e Defenseo f the Rights o fth e C h u r c h , w h ic h b o ld ly p e titio n \ue000 edth e governm entt o reopen Uniate churchesa n d m o nasteries.

p o p e 's efforts on behalf of Eastern C hurches canb e m easuredb y the vitrio l ofth e a tta c k s

Soviet-bloc m edia. B eforeh is tript o P o la n d ,fo r e x a m p le ,th e p o p e w as la r g e ly ig n o r e d

priestsa n d desecration, lootinga n d b u r n in go fc h u r c h e s h a s ta k e n p la c e ," a c c o r d in g

th e C a th o lic C h u r c h , h ig h lig h te db y the arrestso f the R ev. Svarinskas,a fo u n d in g m e m b e ro f th e L ith u a n ia n believers' co m m ittee,a n d Y osyp T e r e lia , h e a d o f th e U k r a in ia n in itia \ue000 tiv e g r o u p .

in te r e s t in the Church behindth e Iron Curtain,h e w ill

"It should com e as no surprise then thatth e K rem lin's attitudes toward the pope som e four years afterh is electiona n d closet o tw o years after th e a tte m p to n h is life c o n tin u e tob e u n r e m ittin g ly h o s tile a n d in c r e a s in g \ue000 ly c o n fr o n ta tio n a l.F o r M o s c o w , John PaulI I was and continues to be m uch

N atio nal A sso ciatio n , gathereda t our regular m eeting o n W ednesday, A pril 6, 1983, and having heard the reportso f Suprem e President JohnO . Flis, our rep resen tativeo n th e C o m m ittee for Law and O rder in the U C C A ,a n d Suprem e

N a tio n a l C o m m itteet o C o m m em o rate G en o cid e V ictim si n U kraine 1932-33, assert th e fo llo w in g :

after it w as violated duringth e preparatory stages and at the 13th C ongresso f U krainiansi n A m erica by the representativeso f o n e id e o lo g ic a l-p o litic a lg r o u p k n o w n u n d e r th e nam e " U k r a in ia n L ib e r a tio n F r o n t"-

haven o t been successful.T he representativeso f th e Ukrainian L ib e r a tio n F r o n t,w h o a c t in th enam e" o f th e U C C A , s h o w e dn o t o n lyn o signso f willingnesst o com prom ise but no expressions whatsoevero f good w ill. S u c ha n a b s e n c eo f c o m p r o m is e a n d g o o d w ill o n th e p a r to f U k r a in ia n L iberation Front representativesi n the U C C A has been confirm ed alsoi n the a tte m p tso f th e a fo r e m e n tio n e d n a tio n a l c o m m itte et o h o n o r th e m e m o r yo f the victim so f th e G reat Fam ine.

hopeful "Appealo f th e hierarchso f th e Ukrainian Catholic Church in the U n ite d S ta te st o th e fa ith fu l a n d e s p e c ia lly to th e le a d e r s o f a ll o r g a n iz a tio n s " (S e p te m b e r8 , 1 9 8 2 ), w ithi t s c a llfo r a n e n dt o th e c r is is a n d fo r p e a c e inth e sp irito f C h ristian

supportedb y th e official press organo f the U krainian O rthodox Churchi n the U .S.A ., w hich Patriarch Josyfo f the "Pom isna" (Particular) U krainian C atholic C hurch supported in h is letters,a n d w hicha ll o u r institutionsa n d o r g a n iz a tio n s w e lc o m e d w ith g r a titu d e and new h o p e \u2014

w a sn o t w e lc o m e d by L iberation Front representatives. T his historic appeal and its authors \u2014 our hierarchs \u2014 "were condem nedb y th e Liberation Front in its press.

all o th er m em b erso f th e C o m m itteefo r L a w a n d O rder in the U C C A ,t o c o n tin u et o m a k ea ll e ffo r tst o fu lly r e a liz e th e fo r m a tio no fa r e p r e s e n ta tiv e c o m m u n ity

S tr e e t J o u r n a l, in a r e c e n t e d ito r ia l, c a lle dfo r a c o n tin u a tio n

H elsinki A ccords,h a s been deadlocked asa resulto f E ast-W est haggling over s u c h

arm am ent. T he last sessio n recessedo n M arch2 5 w ith both sides still far apart on the form at and content ofa conclud\ue000 ing docum ent.

C o m m e n tin go n th e p o s s ib ility th a t a co m pro m ise m ay be reached invo lving the possible releaseo f Soviet dissident A natoly Shcharansky in exchange fo ra so fte n in g

that sucha move would "shunt aside the reason there'sa M adrid stalem atet o b egin w ith ."

The newspaper noted that since th e s ig n in go f th e o r ig in a l a g r e e m e n t e ig h t y e a r sa g o , S o v ie t v io la tio n so f h u m a n

it's hardt o fault the sw apo f th e M adrid talks for M r. Shcharansky," saidth e J o u r n a l," b u t th e p r in c ip lei s b o th e r \ue000 som e."I t said that M r. Shcharanskyi s " o n lyth e m o s t p u b lic iz e do f th e 16 o r m ore

H e ls in k i G r o u p ,n o t to m e n \ue000 tio n s im ila r g r o u p si n A r m e n ia , S o v ie t G e o r g ia , L ith u a n iaa n d th e U k r a in e ."

c o n te m p tib ly tr e a te d ,b u t it w a s n o t a c o n te m p tib le d o c u m e n t,"th e e d ito r ia l w ent o n. "Its standardso f hum an rights w ere

assailantso n several occasions.I n July of last year, sh e, her m o ther, sister and a co u sin

another hunger strike to press their dem ands.T he fast coin\ue000 c id e d

L a st m o n th , th e a u th o r itie s to ld L id ia t o a p p lyfo r e m ig r a tio nt o e ith e r G e r \ue000 m anyo r Israel even though she wasn o t Jew ish

D espite L idia`s departure, there have beenn o guaranteesb y th e Soviets that the resto f th e P entecostals w ill follow

in her fo o tstep sa n d be perm itted to leave. The Pentecostal denom ination,a funda\ue000 m en talist

S o v ie ts h a v e m a in ta in e d th a tth e s e c t's r e lig io u s p r a c tic e s v io la teth e c o u n tr y 's law s.