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Ш
СВОБОДА
4^
SVOBODA
rainian
PUBLISHED BY
THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INC, A
Vol.
L
No.
26
THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JUNE 27,1982
25 cents
WCFU launches campaign for release of Shukhevych, Svitlychny
TORONTO — The Human Rights Commission ofthe World Congress of Free Ukrainians based hererecently announced that it is launching a campaign indefense of two Ukrainian political prisoners, YuriyShukhevych and Ivan Svitlychny, both of whom arereported to be in extremely poor health.As part of its action, the WCFU commission sentseparate letters to U.S. and Canadian governmentofficials urging the to "use strongest possible pressureto persuade the USSR authorities to release these twomen on humanitarian grounds."The letters were signed by Canadian Sen. PaulYuzyk, commission chairman, and Mykola Moros,executive secretary. In addition, the commissionincluded short biographies of
the two men
with detailspertaining to their cases.In asking for the release of Messrs. Shukhevych andSvitlychny, the commission noted that both men areentitled under Soviet law to be released on medicalgrounds. Article 100 of the RSFSR Corrective LaborCode states that prisoners suffering from seriousillnesscan have their sentences commuted. ` 'Mr. Shukhevych, 48, is
 reported
 to be totally blindfollowing surgery
in
a Leningrad hospital
last
Januaryfor a detached retina on both eyes and removal of acataract. He was sentenced in 1972 to 10 years in alabor camp to be followed
by
five
years'
internal exilefor "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda." In 1979he joined the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, which
(Continaed oil pay 14)
-----
Yuriy Shukhevych Ivan Svitlychny
EastEuropeans
Gov.
Kean
joins 10,060 at NJ. Ukrainian Festival
protest Canadianlanguage map
OTTAWA - A delegation representing Canada's Ukrainian, Byelorussian and Baltic communities metwith Official Languages CommissionerMaxwell Yalden on June 1 to expresstheir disapproval of a linguistic map,issued by
the
commissioner's office, thatdepicts the USSR as a vast Russian-speaking territory.After presenting a position paper andmaking this and other
grievances
known,the delegation members reached anunderstanding with the Office of theOfficial Languages Commissioner inregard to actions to be taken by theoffice to correct the misinformationcontained on the map and in a supplementary kit ^ ..,,Titled the World Languages
Map,
thepublication attempts to show thevarious languages spoken around the'globe. The issuance of the map createdan immediate uproar among Canada'sEast European communities.The first printing of the map was200,000, and thousands of copies havealready been distributed to schools andlibraries throughout Canada, aswell as to Canadian embassies abroad.
(Continued on ptfe 11)
by Marts KolomayetsHOLMDEL, N.J. - Gov. ThomasKean of New Jersey made a guestappearance during the evening programof the Ukrainian Festival held at theGarden State Arts Center here onSaturday, June
19, and
told the audiencethat he had been a bit worried about theturnout at the festival as he listened tothe weather forecast predicting rain forthat day. But, he said, a smile came tohis face when he remembered it was theUkrainian Festival being held today. "Iknew the weather wasn't going todiscourage the Ukrainian people," hetold his audience.He was
 right.
 It didn't discourage theUkrainians and others from coming tothe eighth annual Ukrainian Festival —the count at day's end showed that10,000 people had visited the GardenState
Arts.
Center and that more thanhalf of them, 5,400, stayed for theevening program in the amphitheater.The clouds and the lain did notdampen the spirits of the throngs ofpeople who walked from the blue-and-white striped tents to the yellow-end-white striped tents, examining the artwork, ceramics, carvings, embroideries,etchings, books, buttons,
T-shirts
andrecords. As the rain let up a little after
1
p.m., more and more people made their
(Continued on page 4)
GOT.
Thomas Kean greets theArts Center. Standing behind
Marta Kobmayets
at the Ukrainian Festival, Garden Stateof the festival committee.
 
THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JUNE 27,1982
No.
26
Underground publication says
KGB
murdered Lithuanian priest
(Ж/WjGE, Catnoiicjriest, і
Calif.
- A LithuanianCath"oiicjp"riest, run over and killed
by
atnidf uv-Vilnius last fall, was actuallypushed
\o
his death by the KGB,ассбт(йпй to two independent eyewit-nessWjvnbse accounts appeared in thelatejf шиє of the underground Chronicleof toeasLithuanian Catholic Church toгеаЛ the West.According to Keston News, the Rev.Bronius Laurinavicius, a 68-year-oldmember of the Lithuanian HelsinkiGroup which monitors Soviet compliance with the 1975 Helsinki Accordson European security and human rights,died instantly when he was struck by atruck in the Lithuanian capital lastNovember 24.The two eyewitnesses say that shortlybefore the accident the Rev. Laurinavicius was approached by four men as hestood on the pavement.
It
appeared thathe did not know them and did not wantto speak with them. Two of the menthen grabbed the priest
by
his
arms
and,
as the truck approached, suddenlythrew him into its path.At the time of his death, the Rev.Laurinavicius was the only member ofthe Helsinki group still free. Eight othermembers are currently serving labor-camp terms.Shortly before he
was
killed, the Rev.Laurinavicius had confided to closefriends that he was being shadowed bythe KGB, and that there had been twoprevious attempts to have
him run
over.Three days prior to his death, articlesattacking the priest appeared in thedaily newspaper Tiesa, the Lithuanianedition of Pravda.The Rev. Laurinavicius was the thirdLithuanian priest killed under suspicious circumstances in that Sovietrepublic in a period of
14
months. TheRev. Leonas Sapoka
was
found brutallybeaten to death in his home in October
1980.
According to reports, bruises onhis body indicated that he had beentortured.Several months earlier, the body ofthe Rev. Leonas Mazeika, 63, wasfound in his rectory with multiple stabwounds. He was a member of theunofficial Catholic Committee for theDefense of Believers' Rights.In addition to the murdered priests,six others were reported accosted andseriously injured in a rash of
assaults
inLithuania last fall.
More
and
more Soviet diplomats faceexpulsion
for
espionage activities
WASHINGTON - A recent StateDepartment study reveals that moreand more Soviet diplomatic and business personnel are being booted out ofhost countries for engaging
in
espionageand other subversive activities, reportedthe June 14 edition of The Wall StreetJournal.Although it is difficult to obtain anexact number because many Sovietdiplomats are expelled quietly to avoidunnecessary embarrassment or for fearof inciting the Kremlin to retaliate inkind, the State Department reportsthat, so far this year, 11 countries havegiven the heave-ho to 19 Soviet representatives, including
a
few quasi-officialemployees of Aeroflot, the Sovietairline.Last year, the report says, 30 Sovietrepresentatives were expelled worldwide, most on espionage charges. Theyear before, 116 were kicked out, butthat number is misleadingly high,because 100 of them were expelled in asingle housecleaning by Pakistan.The Journal reports that the UnitedStates recently ousted a top Sovietmilitary officer for obtaining classifiedinformation. Canada expelled a Sovietofficial after charging that he offered abusinessman "large sums of
money"
tobuy sensitive, restricted technology.Even tiny Singapore recently booted aSoviet diplomat for posing
as a
Swedishjournalist and trying to buy securityinformation.In February, Great Britain tossed outa Soviet trade official but didn4 announce the expulsion until April. InIndonesia, however, the process turnedmessy when the expulsion of a Sovietofficial was marred by an airport brawlbetween Soviet diplomats and Indonesian security aides.Although lack of hard data makes itimpossible to compare recent statisticswith those of previous years, U.S.analysts agree that the number of recentdepartures is bigger than usual. OneState Department analyst said thatthere is "sort of a boomlet there," theJournal reported.One reason, U.S. experts assert, isthat Soviet agents are branching outinto new activities, and that theirbrazenness in the free societies in theWest often leads to careless behavior.Many of the recently ousted diplomats were caught trying to pilfer sensitive new technology with military usesor engaging in "active measures" likeorganizing protest movements.In Denmark, for example, a Sovietdiplomat was expelled last October forarranging to have some ISO Danishartists sign an appeal calling for aNordic nuclear-weapons-free-zone, andfor supplying money to have the appealplaced as an ad in several newspapers.At the same time, Egypt was expellingthe Soviet ambassador, six other Sovietembassy officials and two Soviet journalists on charges of trying to fomentdomestic strife in the country.
(Continued on pate 14)
Mukha named headof KGB
in
Ukraine
NEW YORK - Stepan NestorovychMukha was named
the
head of the KGBin Ukraine on June 4 succeeding VitaliyFedorchuk, who was named nationalchairman of the Soviet intelligence andsecurity agency, according
to the
Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council fa-broad).Mr. Fedorchuk, 63, replaced YuriyAndropov, who was elected to theSecretariat of the CPSU Central Committee.Before being named to the top post inUkraine, Mr. Mukha served
as
a deputyto Mr. Fedorchuk. Since 1976 he hasbeen
a
candidate-member of the CentralCommittee of the Ukrainian Communist Party.The liberation council also reportedthat the headquarters of the UkrainianKGB on Volodymyr Street in Kiev, therepublic's capital, have been expanded.The agency now occupies several buildings on an adjacent street in addition tothe main building
on
Volodymyr Street.
Soviet hunger-striker ends protestafter gaining permission to emigrate
MOSCOW - The last of five Sovietcitizens who had gone on
hunger
strikesto press Soviet authorities
to
allow themto join spouses in the West learned onJune
21
that
he
would
be
allowed to joinhis wife in Baltimore, reported UnitedPress International.Yuri Baiovlenkov, a 32-year-oldcomputer programmer, was told toappear at a Soviet visa office and thathis application to emigrate had "beenacted on favorably."The news of Mr. Balovlenkov's imminent emigration came just one dayafter another hunger-striker, AndreiFrolov, a 51-year-old photojournalismwas reunited with his wife, Lois BeckerFrolov, 27, in the customs area ofChicago's O'Hare International Airportafter his flight from Moscow. Mr.Frolov was notified that he would beallowed to leave on May
31
after
he
hadgone without nourishment for 26 days.
Mrs.
Frolov, a Chicago native and adoctoral candidate in Russian history,met her husband when she went to theSoviet Union in the fall of 1980. Theywere married on May 19, 1981.She left the country June 18 of thesame year and returned to visit him forthree weeks last month.Of the other hunger-strikers, TatyanaLozansky and Tatyana Azure hadbeen coaxed off their fasts by assurancesof eventual permission to leave, andIosif Kiblitsky was reported to be inMoscow with his West German wife,who was given permission to visit him.Although Mr. Balovlenkov's ordealappears to be over,
the
long-term effectson his health of 43 days without foodare not known. He reportedly has lost50 pounds, and was racked with painafter taking a small sip of
orange
juiceshortly after learning that he would beallowed to emigrate. Mr. Kiblitsky, 36,reported pains in his kidneys, and Mrs.Lozansky was said to be extremelyweak.Mr. Baiovlenkov, who has beenconfined to a bed for the last severaldays and had to be assisted to the visaoffice by his mother and a friend, toldreporters that he had not talked to hiswife yet, but the United States consularofficers said that they would. It wastheir daughter's second birthday onJune 21, he said.At the embassy, a consular offkxisaid that he had spoken with Mr.Balovlenkov's wife, Yelena Kusmenko,who is a nurse at Baltimore City Hospital, and that her first reaction hadbeen a piercing shriek.He added that she was making preparations to come here to help herhusband recover from his fast beforeaccompanying him to Baltimore.
The
couple met while Ma. Kusmenkowas a tourist here in May 1977.After a struggle with the Sovietbureaucracy, they were married inDecember 1978. Ms. Kusmenko visitedher husband once on a tourist visa, anda daughter, Katerina,
was
born in 1980.Like Mr. Baiovlenkov, all the hunger-strikers felt compelled to take drasticaction after repeated efforts to obtainexist visas
ran
into
bureaucratic snags.
Mrs.
Lozansky, for example, decidedin 1975 to divorce her husband, EduardLozansky, now a physicist at the University of Rochester, to facilitate hisdeparture as a Jew. Mrs. Lozansky,whose father, an Army officer, initiallyobjected to his daughter's efforts toemigrate, is not Jewish.Mr. Kiblitsky, an artist, married aWest German school teacher, RenataZobel, in April 1978. A son, MarkLeonard, was born in August 1980. Buta research institute where Mr. Kiblitskyworked
13
years ago barred his emigration,and he was denied an exit visaagain some three weeks ago.
(Continued on page 14)
Dissident reportedsentenced last year
HELSINKI, Finland - Accordingto reports from Ukraine which have justrecently reached the West, Wasyl Roz-lutsky, a welder from Chervonohrad,near
Lviv,
was sentenced in
the
spring
of
1981 to three years' imprisonment,probably for "anti-Soviet agitation andpropaganda," or for slandering thestate, reported the Smoloskyp Ukrainian Information Service.Mr. Rozlutsky, 47, was arrested inAugust 1980, three months after hishome was reportedly searched by the
KGB.
The police confiscated handwritten copies of several original poemsduring the search, and later found moremanuscripts at the time of his arrest.Mr. Rozlutsky had previously beenarrested three times, and served a totalof 13 years' imprisonment.His teenage son, Taras, is also said tobe serving a prison term for allegedlymaking and distributing patriotic andpro-Ukrainian placards. Details on hiswhereabouts, or the severity of hissentence, are not known.Mr. Rozlutsky has a wife,
Maria,
and
daughter, Oksana, IS. Smoloskypreports that be is in poor health as aresult of
an
injury
he
sustained
in a
mineshaft accident.
Ukrainian Weelcl
FOUNDED 1933
Ukrainian weekly newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternalnon-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St, Jersey City, NJ. 07302.(The Ukrainian Weekly
-
USPS 570-870)Also published by the UNA: Svoboda,
a
Ukrainian-language daily newspaper.The Weekly and Svoboda:
(201) 434-0237, 434-0807
(212) 227-4125Yearly subscription rate:
|8,
UNA members
- S5.
UNA:
(201)451-2200(212) 227-5250
Postmaster, send address changes to:THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY
P.O.
Box 346Jersey City, NJ. 07303Editor Roma Sochan HadzewyczAssociate editor George Bohdan ZaryckyAssistant editor. Maria Kotomayets
 
No.
26
J
THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY JUNE 27,1982
3
Another disastrous grain harvest has Soviets groping for solutions
NEW YORK - With its economyalready reeling from last year's poorgrain harvest"- so poor that officialsrefused to disclose exact figures for thefirst time in many years — the SovietUnion is bracing itself for yet anotherdisastrous wheat crop, reported TheNew York Tunes.With the summer season just beginning, reports from the vast wheat-.fields stretching from Ukraine to Kazakhstan indicate that the spears ofwinter wheat are stunted and withered.Experts have estimated that thisyear's harvest will total only
158
million
tons,
which would be the worst outputsince 1975's calamitous yield of 140million tons. The figure is some SOmillions ton. below the target set by theSoviet current five year-plan, andpresumes a normal rainfall and sunshine for the balance of the crop season,factors that are anything but certain.The Times reports that in Ukraine,the Upper and Lower Volga regions andin Central Asia, good rains are neededurgently to offset the terrible effects of aspring drought. Farther north, in theMoscow region, last year's searingsummer, the hottest in 100 years, hasbeen followed this year by a blusteryMay and June, with nighttime temperatures dipping below freezing.Traditionally, the Kremlin has attributed the country's poor harvests to badweather rather than on such factors as abloated and highly centralized bureaucracy, inefficient storing and distribution systems, the unavailability of spareparts for farm machinery and poorallocation of manpower.But at a special Central Committeemeeting last fall and again at the 26thCongress of the Communist Party ofthe Soviet Union, Soviet presidentLeonid Brezhnev said that agriculturalplanners should stop blaming the climate for repeated crop failures, and heunveiled a series of proposals aimed atstimulating the agricultural sector, theprimary one being more governmentinvestment.But Western experts agree that Mr.Brezhnev's proposal of pouring one-third of all government monies intoagricultural development between 1986and 1990 isjust a modified version of his1965 reform program, and does notaddress the chronic problems plaguingSoviet farm production for nearly 20years.Almost every Western study, theTimes said, has concluded that a realsurge in output will never come until thebureaucracy surrenders some of itspower and makes room for initiative bythe thousands of state and collectivefarms, as well as by the industries thatsupply them with machinery, fertilizerand other essentials.Although the mechanism of centralplanning led to dramatic increases inagricultural yields under Stalin, todaythe system is sagging under its ownbureaucratic weight which has led tomismanagement, lost production, stagnation and waste.A recent study prepared by theCentral Committee and disseminated inEastern Europe, reveals that a startlingone-fifth of the grain harvest - morethan 30 million tons, even in a bad yearlike 1981 - is lost to spoilage, either bylate harvesting or inadequate storageand distribution. Similar losses have
also,
effected half the potato crop.The statistics on farm equipmentindicate that poor maintenance, a lackof spare parts and shoddy constructionhave left the USSR with only 2.4 milliontractors in working condition at the endof
1981,
100,000 fewer than the numberof vehicles produced by the Sovietplants between 1976 and 1981, theTimes said.Consistently poor grain harvests havealso had an adverse impact on thequality and supply of meat and poultrybecause, unlike the United States, theSoviets still rely heavily on grain feedrather than high-protein feedstuffs. Theresult is disproportinately poor feedconversion ratios which, simply put,means that the Soviets need much morefeed to fatten their livestock comparedto their counterparts in the West Thisreliance on grain, coupled with theSoviet use of inferior or mediocrebreeds, result in a low productivitypotential and, in the end, low-grademeat and not enough, of it.' A recent article on Soviet agriculturepublished in Foreign Affairs concludesthat a Soviet hog takes eight to 10months, in some cases over a year, to getfinished for slaughter, and not five to sixmonths as on a good Western farm. In1980 Soviet cattle were delivered forslaughter at an average weight of 772pounds as compared to 1,000 or 1,100pounds for an American beef steer.Soviet cows yield 4,850 to
5,070
poundsof milk per year, as compared to anaverage of 11,875 pounds for Americancows.Because grain plays such an integralpart in the Soviet agricultural system,Soviet leaders have put a premium onboosting the harvest, but for the mostpart, their approach has been primitiveand counterproductive. For example,since 1977 there has been a markedincrease in the number of hectaressown, but merely expanding the areas tobe planted to include.marginally fertileland has done little more than put astrain on water resources, fertilizer,herbicide and harvesting capacities, andallowed more grain to rot in the fields.In addition, the over-expansion ofgrain areas has led to a neglect offallowing and roughage production, sonecessary for feed.In addition to poor seeding practicesand bad planning, the dismal Sovietgrain harvest also reflects weaknesses inthe state and collective farm systems,including improper use of manpowerand low productivity.Today, for example, the Sovietsemploy a staggering 10 times moreworkers per land unit than their American counterparts, or about 5.6 workersper 100 acres of arable crop land. Butwith little or no profit incentive, theaverage Soviet farm worker spendsmore time and effort tending his allotedprivate plot and livestock than he doeson government farms, which leads to adismal worker/productivity ratio. In
all,
these private plots have accountedfor roughly 18.5 percent of total cropproduction and an impressive 31 percent of all animal production between1976-77, according to the article inForeign Affairs. By 1980, the privatesector occupied only 2.6 percent of totalarable land, but owned 30 percent ofall cows and roughly 20 percent of allother livestock. Fifteen to 20 percent ofprivate output is sold.The agricultural system's failureshave been implicitly recognized foryears in the praise that Soviet academicjournals have given to economic reforms in Hungary, the Times reported.There, under the Kadar regime's NewEconomic Program, industrial andagricultural reforms have freed ma-
(Contoraed on ptfe It)
Carpatho-Rusyn, Ukrainian activists meet to discuss common concerns
by Dr. Myron В. KuropasCLEVELAND - Fifteen Carpatho-Rusyn and Ukrainian community activists met at John Carroll University onJune 12 to continue the dialogue initiated in Pittsburgh and New York Cityearlier this year.Host for the Cleveland meeting wasDr. Michael Pap, director of the Institute for Soviet and Russian Studies atJohn Carroll University.Following brief welcoming remarksby Dr. Pap, John Y. Hamulak, secretary of the Ukrainian Engineer's Societyof America, commented on the successof the cooperative endeavor "I haveattended all three meetings," he stated,"and ! am very impressed with theprogress we are making. I never wouldhave believed that we could come thisfar in such a short time."Dr. Paul Magocsi, president of the Car-patho-Rusyn Research Center andassociate professor of the UkrainianStudies Chair at the University ofToronto addressed the gathering nextand commented on the need for eachgroup to know each other better. "Myviews," stated Dr. Magocsi, "are essentially the same as those published in TheUkrainian Weekly (see Mr. Magocsi`sremarks published on May 23). Ourrespective communities need to be reeducated."Contending that many Ukrainians"still teach their children that Carpatho-Rusyns are in some way traitors toUkraine," Dr. Magocsi concluded thatsuch a perception will serve no usefulpurpose. "We are two separate peoplethat can learn from each other," bestated. "Ukrainians have been verysuccessful in developing their uniquenational heritage and Carpatho-Rusynscan learn from them, especially some ofour priests who tend to feel uncomfortable with their Rusyn nationalculture.""Carpatho-Rusyns can discover thatnationalism need not be evil and develop greater pride in their Rusyn heritage. Ukrainians, however, shouldrefrain from attempting to convinceRusyns that they are really Ukrainianbecause even if we do share the same'roots, this is irrelevant. Today, we arenot the same people," he said.Dr. Kuropas, supreme vice presidentof the Ukrainian National Association,stressed the importance of cooperationbut cautioned against re-opening thedebate about who is Ukrainian and whoisn't. "Our past relations in Americahave not been good, and to dwell onthem will serve no useful purpose,"stated Dr. Kuropas."This is a topic for historians towrestle with. We should think about thefuture and concentrate on that whichunites us. One way to begin is to engageour energies in the pursuit of commoncultural enterprises which reinforce ourcommon pride. We must do this, however, as equals with equals," he noted.Jerry Jumba, a Rusyn cultural workerin the Diocese of Parma discussed hiswork in the Rusyn community andcommented on the growing interestyounger Rusyns have in their traditions."I've had great success in involving ouryouth with their Rusyn heritage," hesaid, "and they are really excited aboutwhat they've learned."Similar sentiments were voiced byJames Senderak, a member of TheCarpathians, a Carpatho-Rusyn folkensemble, and Carrie Oris, a RusynAmerican student at Kent State.Dr. Pap addressed the issue of manipulation by "our common enemies, theRussians and the Hungarians, who hadand have everything to gain from ourtwo groups remaining estranged. Wecan learn from the past and makecertain that we will not be manipulatedagain."S. T. Brinsky, general counsel of theGreek Catholic Union, also voicedstrong support for future cooperation."I see no problem," he stated. "We areone and the same people."Others who took part in the Cleveland discussion were R. Palazij, Dr. M.Deychakiwsky, Ohio chapter of theUkrainian Medical Association; Dr.Osyp Martyniuk of Kent State; Msty-slaw B. Dolnycky, editor of America;Volodymyr Bazarko, a local UkrainianAmerican attorney; and Basil Ivanov-chik of the Karpatsky Soyuz.A Ukrainian-Rusyn buffetwas served by Dr. Pap following themeeting.
Participants of the meeting of Carpatbo-Ruern and Ukrainian activists heldrecently ю Cleveland.
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