Introduction to Databases

Bab 2: Pengantar Database dan Database Management System (DBMS)

Ciri-ciri database
Kumpulan terurut Berisi elemen data yang saling berhubungan dan terkait Didesain untuk kebutuhan informasi tertentu Dibagi

Ciri-ciri database

Konsep Database
Konsep utama dan istilah:
Data repository Data dictionary Database software Data abstraction Data access Transaction support

Jenis database

Implementasi Model
Dua model utama:
Terpusat (Centralized):

Satu,server database terletak di pusat

Terdistribusi (Distributed):

Server Banyak dan data tersebar pada server

Model Database
Mendekripsikan organisasi data Model database utama:
Hierarchical Network Relational Object-oriented Hybrid object-relational

Hierarchical Database Model

Hierarchical data organization Root data segment: Data segment at top level Parent-child relationship: Relationship between pair of data structures at adjacent levels

Model DatabaseHierarchical

Model Database Network

Tidak menyusun data kedalam level hirarki Hubungan antara Owner/Member:
Owner record type Member record type

Tiap owner mungkin memiliki satu atau lebih tipe member Tiap tipe member dan corresponding owner mencatat kumpulan bentuk tipe record, yang mana menunjukkan relationship

Network Database Model

Model Database Relational

Table: Obyek dasar dari database relasional
Structure: Baris dan Kolom Merepresentasikan satu entitas diuraikan oleh atribut

Rows: hal unik atau catatan entitas Columns: Menyimpan data atribut Primary key: Memberlakukan keunikan untuk setiap record Foreign keys: Mendefinisikan hubungan antar tabel
Mungkin kunci primer atau kolom unik lainnya

Relational Database Model

Model Database Object-Oriented

Berkembang untuk mengatasi beberapa fitur terbatas dari database relasional Memungkinkan ketepatan dan penggambaran lebih benar dari objek dunia nyata Mendukung data biner dalam jumlah yang besar, seperti file-file multimedia

Model Database Object-Relational

Object-relational database management systems (ORDBMS):
Kombinasi: Ability of object technology to handle advanced relationship types Data integrity, reliability, and recovery features of relational models aplikasi sistem database modern yang sangat populer dan powerful Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server

Object-Relational Database Table

Lingkungan Database
Lingkungan Database bertanggungjawab terhadap:
Penyimpanan Data Pemanggilan Data Manipulasi Data Sekumpulan Aktifitas pendukung lainnya

Komponen Database
Komponen Lingkungan Database:
Data repository Data dictionary DBMS Systems software Hardware Network Procedures Application interfaces Application software Front-end tools Practitioners Users

Komponen Database

Hardware Components
Hardware:
Individual computers Network infrastructure

Traditional database deployment:

Mainframe or mini-computer, or Client/server configuration
PCs as both database servers and clients

Komponen Hardware

Komponen Hardware
Manufacturer requirements untuk DBMS:
Minimum hardware requirements Recommended configuration

Important PC hardware components:

Processor Main memory dan memory buffers Secondary atau nonvolatile storage devices

Storage considerations:
Speed and capacity Fault-tolerance (e.g. RAID configurations) Backups

Software Requirements
Software components:
DBMS:

khusus untuk database management system Operating system software: Layer between applications and hardware Memanajemen hardware, processes, memory, files, I/O devices, network control dan communications, dan fault detection dan recovery

Software Requirements
Software components:
Application programs Database application software
Server applications Client applications Server and client applications running as distributed application

Komponen DBMS
Database engine Data dictionary Query processor Forms generator Report writer Other utility tools dan interface modules

DBMS Components

Users dan Practitioners

Users:
Casual users Regular users Power users Specialized users Individual users

Practitioners:
Business analysts Data modelers Database designers Systems analysts Programmer analysts Database administrators

Users and Practitioners

Procedures
Proper methods and procedures:
Essential to maintaining database and ensuring consistency

Procedures may be automated or manual, and include:

Usage Queries and reports Routine maintenance Structure change management Backup and recovery Database tuning

Ringkasan
Types of databases include production, decision-support, and mass deployment databases. Databases are implemented using centralized or distributed model. Database models are hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, or hybrid object-relational. The database environment includes hardware, software, and DBMS components as well as people (users and practitioners) and procedures.

Kata Kunci
Attribute Binary large object (BLOB) data type Centralized model Concurrency control CRUD Data abstraction Database engine Database management system (DBMS) Database practitioner Database software Data catalog Data dictionary Data repository Data type Decision support database Direct memory access (DMA) Distributed model Entity

Kata Kunci
Foreign key Forms generator Heterogeneous data environment Hierarchical database model Main memory Memory buffer Metadata Network database model Nonvolatile storage Object-oriented database model Object-relational database model Operating system software Physical data pointer Primary key Production database Query Query optimizer

Kata Kunci
Query processor RAID Relational database model Relational database Relationship Report writer Schema Secondary storage Structured Query Language (SQL) Table Transaction Unified Modeling Language (UML) View

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