ORACLE Trigger

Hasan Dwi Cahyono

Overviews

Pengertian Trigger Schema Trigger Aplikasi Trigger

Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Pengertian Trigger

Database triggers adalah prosedur yang tersimpan dalam database dan di aktifkan ketika kondisi tertentu terjadi Dapat digunakan untuk menambah kapabilitas agar database mampu dikostumasi secara sistematis. Sebagai contoh, membuat Trigger yang dapat membatasi perintah DML tertentu pada sebuah tabel dan mengijinkan perintah tertentu pada waktu tertentu juga.

Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Pengertian Trigger (Lanjutan)

Database triggers dapat digunakan dalam sebuah table, schema, atau database. Cara memicunya ketika:

Perintah DML dieksekusi (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) terhadap tabel tertentu. DDL tertentu dieksekusi (contohnya: ALTER, CREATE, DROP) pada sebuah objek pada database atau schema. Event tertentu terjadi pada database (contohnya: STARTUP, SHUTDOWN, SERVERERROR)

Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Schema Trigger: Create Trigger

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] TRIGGER [ schema. ]trigger { BEFORE | AFTER | INSTEAD OF } { dml_event_clause | { ddl_event [ OR ddl_event ]... | database_event [ OR database_event ]... } ON { [ schema. ]SCHEMA | DATABASE } } [ WHEN (condition) ] { pl/sql_block | call_procedure_statement } ;

Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Schema Trigger: Create Trigger (Lanj.)

Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Schema Trigger: DML Event Clause

{ DELETE | INSERT | UPDATE [ OF column [, column ]... ] } [ OR { DELETE | INSERT | UPDATE [ OF column [, column]... ] } ]... ON { [ schema. ]table | [ NESTED TABLE nested_table_column OF ] [ schema. ] view } [ referencing_clause ] [ FOR EACH ROW ]

Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Schema Trigger: DML Event Clause (Lanj.)

Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Schema Trigger: Referencing Clause

REFERENCING { OLD [ AS ] old | NEW [ AS ] new | PARENT [ AS ] parent } [ OLD [ AS ] old | NEW [ AS ] new | PARENT [ AS ] parent ]...

Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Schema Trigger: Referencing Clause

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Options: Event-nya

AFTER atau bisa juga BEFORE.

UPDATE ON bisa juga DELETE ON atau INSERT ON. Dan UPDATE ON dapat juga UPDATE OF ON

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Aplikasi Trigger (Buat tabel contoh)

CREATE TABLE Project_tab ( Prj_level NUMBER, Projno NUMBER, CREATE TABLE Dept_tab ( Deptno NUMBER(2) NOT NULL, Dname VARCHAR2(14), Loc VARCHAR2(13), Mgr_no NUMBER, Dept_type NUMBER );

Resp_dept NUMBER
); CREATE TABLE Emp_tab ( Empno NUMBER NOT NULL, Ename VARCHAR2(10),

Job VARCHAR2(9),
Mgr NUMBER(4), Hiredate DATE, Sal NUMBER(7,2), Comm NUMBER(7,2),

Deptno NUMBER(2) NOT NULL

);

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Contoh Trigger Pada Tabel

Terjadi Ketika Insert, Update, dan Delete

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER Print_salary_changes BEFORE DELETE OR INSERT OR UPDATE ON Emp_tab FOR EACH ROW WHEN (new.Empno > 0) DECLARE sal_diff number; BEGIN sal_diff := :new.sal - :old.sal; dbms_output.put('Old salary: ' || :old.sal); dbms_output.put(' New salary: ' || :new.sal); dbms_output.put_line(' Difference ' || sal_diff); END; /

Lakukan Perintah: Apa yang terjadi?

UPDATE Emp_tab SET sal = sal + 500.00 WHERE deptno = 10;

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Contoh Trigger Pada View

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW manager_info AS SELECT e.ename, e.empno, d.dept_type, d.deptno, p.prj_level, p.projno FROM Emp_tab e, Dept_tab d, Project_tab p WHERE e.empno = d.mgr_no AND d.deptno = p.resp_dept;

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Contoh Trigger Pada View (Lanjutan)

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER manager_info_insert INSTEAD OF INSERT ON manager_info REFERENCING NEW AS n -- new manager information FOR EACH ROW DECLARE rowcnt number; BEGIN SELECT COUNT(*) INTO rowcnt FROM Emp_tab WHERE empno = :n.empno; IF rowcnt = 0 THEN INSERT INTO Emp_tab (empno,ename) VALUES (:n.empno, :n.ename); ELSE UPDATE Emp_tab SET Emp_tab.ename = :n.ename WHERE Emp_tab.empno = :n.empno; END IF;

SELECT COUNT(*) INTO rowcnt FROM Dept_tab WHERE deptno = :n.deptno; IF rowcnt = 0 THEN INSERT INTO Dept_tab (deptno, dept_type) VALUES(:n.deptno, :n.dept_type); ELSE UPDATE Dept_tab SET Dept_tab.dept_type = :n.dept_type WHERE Dept_tab.deptno = :n.deptno; END IF; SELECT COUNT(*) INTO rowcnt FROM Project_tab WHERE Project_tab.projno = :n.projno; IF rowcnt = 0 THEN INSERT INTO Project_tab (projno, prj_level) VALUES(:n.projno, :n.prj_level); ELSE UPDATE Project_tab SET Project_tab.prj_level = :n.prj_level WHERE Project_tab.projno = :n.projno; END IF; END;

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Contoh Trigger Pada View (Lanjutan)

Lakukan Perintah: INSERT INTO manager_info (ename, empno, dept_type, deptno, prj_level, projno) VALUES(Andi, 101, 1, 1, 1,1);

Apa yang terjadi?

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Firing Triggers Sekali atau Berkali-kali (FOR EACH ROW Option)

CREATE TABLE Emp_log ( Emp_id NUMBER, Log_date DATE, New_salary NUMBER, Action VARCHAR2(20) );
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER Log_salary_increase AFTER UPDATE ON Emp_tab FOR EACH ROW WHEN (new.Sal > 1000) BEGIN INSERT INTO Emp_log (Emp_id, Log_date, New_salary, Action) VALUES (:new.Empno, SYSDATE, :new.SAL, 'NEW SAL'); END;

Lakukan perintah:
UPDATE Emp_tab SET Sal = Sal + 1000.0 WHERE Deptno = 20;
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Trigger Ini Hanya Dijalankan Sekali

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER Log_emp_update AFTER UPDATE ON Emp_tab BEGIN INSERT INTO Emp_log (Log_date, Action) VALUES (SYSDATE, 'Emp_tab COMMISSIONS CHANGED'); END;

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Memanggil Java Procedure dari Trigger

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Before_delete (Id IN NUMBER, Ename VARCHAR2) IS language Java

name 'thjvTriggers.beforeDelete (oracle.sql.NUMBER, oracle.sql.CHAR)';

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER Pre_del_trigger BEFORE DELETE ON Tab FOR EACH ROW CALL Before_delete (:old.Id, :old.Ename) /

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

thjvTriggers.java
import java.sql.* import java.io.* import oracle.sql.*

import oracle.oracore.*
public class thjvTriggers { public state void beforeDelete (NUMBER old_id, CHAR old_name) Throws SQLException, CoreException {

Connection conn = JDBCConnection.defaultConnection();

Statement stmt = conn.CreateStatement(); String sql = insert into logtab values ( + old_id.intValue() + ", ' + old_ename.toString() + ", BEFORE DELETE');

stmt.executeUpdate (sql);
stmt.close(); return; } } 20 Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Latihan

Menggunakan tabel Penjual(nama, minuman, harga) dan sebuah relasi unary, simpan daftar penjual yang menaikkan harga sebesar Rp.1000. Misal relasi Unary-nya kepada: KumpulanPenjual(nama). CREATE TABLE Penjual( minuman VARCHAR(10), nama VARCHAR(13), harga FLOAT ); CREATE TABLE KumpulanPenjual( nama VARCHAR(13) );

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Trigger
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER PriceTrig AFTER UPDATE OF price ON Penjual FOR EACH ROW WHEN (new.harga > old.harga + 1000) BEGIN INSERT INTO KumpulanPenjual VALUES(:new.nama); END; /

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Contoh Lainnya:
CREATE TABLE emp ( empno INT, ename VARCHAR(30), deptno INT, sal FLOAT, comm FLOAT );

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER emp_comm_trig BEFORE INSERT ON emp FOR EACH ROW BEGIN IF :NEW.deptno = 30 THEN :NEW.comm := :NEW.sal * .4; END IF; END; /
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Latihan:
INSERT INTO emp VALUES (9005,'ROBERS',30, 3000,NULL); INSERT INTO emp VALUES (9006,'ALLEN',30, 4500,NULL);

SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno IN (9005, 9006);

EMPNO ENAME DEPTNO SAL COMM ----------------------------------9005 ROBERS 30 3000 1200 9006 ALLEN 30 4500 1800

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Trigger:Membatalkan Perintah dengan Error

Trigger dapat digunakan untuk melukan pengecekan contrain.

Perintah-nya: RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR.

Perintah yang mengaktifkan Trigger (insert, update, atau delete) akan dibatalkan.

Contohnya, perintah berikut ini memaksa nilai input harus Person.age >= 0:

CREATE TABLE Person (age INT); CREATE TRIGGER PersonCheckAge AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OF age ON Person FOR EACH ROW BEGIN IF (:new.age < 0) THEN RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'no negative age allowed'); END IF; END; /
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Statement-Level Trigger

Ketika operasi insert, update, atau delete operation terjadi pada tabel emp, sebuah record akan ditambahkan ke tabel empauditlog yang mencatat date, user, dan action. Sebelumnya, buat tabel empauditlog table:

CREATE TABLE empauditlog ( audit_date DATE, audit_user VARCHAR2(20), audit_desc VARCHAR2(20) );

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Trigger
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER emp_audit_trig AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON emp DECLARE v_action VARCHAR2(20); BEGIN IF INSERTING THEN v_action := 'Added employee(s)'; ELSEIF UPDATING THEN v_action := 'Updated employee(s)'; ELSEIF DELETING THEN v_action := 'Deleted employee(s)'; END IF; INSERT INTO empauditlog VALUES (SYSDATE, USER, v_action); END; /

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Sekarang jalankan:
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno) VALUES (9001,'SMITH',50); INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno) VALUES (9002,'JONES',50); UPDATE emp SET ename = 'SMITH BROWN' WHERE empno=9001; DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno IN (9001, 9002); SELECT TO_CHAR(AUDIT_DATE,'DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS') AS "AUDIT DATE", audit_user, audit_desc FROM empauditlog ORDER BY 1 ASC; AUDIT DATE -----------------08-FEB-08 09:43:02 08-FEB-08 09:43:02 08-FEB-08 09:43:02 08-FEB-08 09:43:02
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AUDIT_USER -------------------THOMO THOMO THOMO THOMO

AUDIT_DESC -------------------Added employee(s) Deleted employee(s) Updated employee(s) Added employee(s)

Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger

Hal-hal Lain dalam Trigger

Viewing Defined Triggers Untuk melihat Trigger yang tersimpan, gunakan perintah: SELECT * FROM USER_TRIGGERS[/DBA_TRIGGERS ] WHERE TABLE_NAME = MY_TABLE; Melihat isi (code) Trigger: SELECT text FROM user_source Harus WHERE name = 'PRICETRIG' UpperCase? ORDER BY line;

Menghapus Triggers

DROP TRIGGER <trigger_name>;

Disabling atau Enabling Triggers

ALTER TRIGGER <trigger_name> {DISABLE|ENABLE};

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Sumber:

Oracle.com http://webhome.cs.uvic.ca/~thomo/courses/csc370S pring2009/triggers.ppt

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Perancangan Basis Data - Trigger