T arasS hevchenko ,T heN ationalP o et
B y
PR O F.
D M Y T R O
D O R O S H E N K O
( 1 )
E arly
T raveler*
K new
U k ra in e
W ell
in g
n e w
h o riz o n s
t o
* th o u g h t,
h a v e
\u00a7 L \u00b7\u00bf \u00bf \u00bf
b e e n
m o re
o r
le a s
fo re ru n n e rs
o f
\u00a3>\u00a2FO R E
w ew rite
a b o u t
Shevchen- great
m oral
o r
e a th e tie
m o v e m e n ts
k o ,
th en a tio n a l
p o e t
o fU k ra in e , a n d
h a v e
c o n trib u te d
t o
th e
re v iv a l
u la tio n
rem em bered,
o n ly
to o
w e ll
th e ir
re c e n tly
lo s t
lib e rty
a n d
p ro \ue000
fo u n d ly
r e s e n t e d
th is
o p p re s s io n .F o r
th is
r e a s o n
the 18th c e n try
p r e s e n t s
a
s e r i e s
o f
b lo o d y
u p ris in g s
o f th e
l i t t l e
m o re
th a n
a
h b u s e -p a in te n ,w as
a
s e lfis h
m an
w ho
o n ly
e x p lo ite d h is
p u p ils
b y
h irin g
th e m
o u t fo r b is
ow n
b e n e fit.
A sto r th e a rt o f
p a in t\ue000
in g ,
h e
c o u ld
n o tte a c h
T aras
a n y \ue000
th in g
th a t
th e
la \u00a2 te r
d id
n o t
k n o w
him self.
N o
w o nder
th a t
th e
y o u n g
a rtis t
lo o k e d
o u t fo r
him self,
v is itin g
p ic \ue000
tu re -g a lle rie s , - s p e n d in g
fre q u e n tly
th o s e
w e ll
kno w n
c le a r
sum m er
le t
u s
say a
fe w
w o rd s
a b o u t
h is o f n a tio n a l
s e n tim e n t
\u0448
th e ir
n a tiv ef
U
k
r
a
m
l a
n
e
*\u0411 \u0430*\u00a4\u0437*
t
h
e
P o le s,
m
th e
n ig h ts
o fS t. P e te rsb u rg ,
i n
th ep fb -
n a tiv e
c o u n tr y ,
th a t
w as
b e tte r \u00a6c o u n tr ie s,
S h e v c h e n k o
w as
i n
his |""* < * s*
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
c o n flic ts P o l a n d
c e ase d
\u0426
\u0435p ark ,
th eS um m er
G arden,
d raw -
know n
i n
W estern
E u ro p e
ab o u t tw o [c o u n try
th e n a tio n a l
-p ro p he t
i n
th e > * \u00ba* * * \u00b7* \u00b7
N e v e rth e le s s
th ea n n e x a tio n
mg
\u00b7th e
s ta tu e s
o fm y th o lo g ic a l
g o d s
c e n tu rie s
a g o ,
th a n
it is
now .
T hetru e
s e n s e
o fth is
w o rd .
H is
in s p ire d\u00a6 \u00ba ^
t h i a
V * *
o
f
\u042c
\u0423
R u ssia,j\u00be ndg o d e s s e e .
T h e r e , q u ite
b yc h a n c e ,
la tte r
m ay
a p p e a r
a
p a r a d o x ,
b u ttn \u00a1 w o rd s
a r o u s e d
b is 'p e o p le
fro m
le th \u00b7\u00a1 * * J * *
P a rtitio n
\u00ba f
P o la n d ,
d id
n o t
n
e
m ade
a n
a c q u a in ta n c e
w h ic hw as
b e
c o n v in c e d
o f its
tru th
it is
o n lv
a r g v ,
fro m
th e
to rp id
in e rtia
in to '
D
r
m
g
a m e lio ra tio n
i n
th e s o c ia l
a n d \u00a1d e c is iv e
fo r h isfu tu re
a n d
p r e s e r v e d
n e c e s s a r y
t o
r e a d
th eb o o k s
o fq u ite | w h ic h
t\u00be e y
h a db e e n
p lu n g e d
a s
a
|^ n o
^ \u00a2
c o n d itio n s
o f th eU k ra in ia n
t oth e
U kraine her greatest
p o e t.O
b \u00b7
a
num ber
o ftra v e lle rs
a n d
h is to ria n s , \u00a1re s u lt
o fth e ir
lo s t
s tru g g le s
fo r in - \ P \u00ba P
u ,ft
tio n .
R u s s ia d id
n o tfo llo w
th e
Q
f th es tu d e n ts
o f th e S
t
P e te rs b u rg
F r e n c h ,
E n g lis h .
D u tc h ,
I ta lia n
a n d |d e p e n d e n c e .
S h e v c h e n k o 's p a s s io n a te \e x a m p le
o f
A u stria
a n d
P ru s s ia ,
A cadem y
o fA rts,
S o s b e n k o , n o tic e d
G erm an,
w ho
w ro te
a t
th a t
tim e
a p p e a l
r e v e a l e d
to th e U k ra in ia n s t h e '
w
h
l
c
h
im m ed iately
s ta rtin g
refo rm s
S h e v c h e n k o
th u s
s k e tc h in g .
U krahv\u00b7
a b o u t
U k ra in e .
T he
firs to f t h e s e
a n d
s e n tim e n t
o fn a tio n a l
u n ity ,
m s p ire d j
4
1
1
. ^
a n n e x e d
P o lis h
provinces, \u00a2on\u00b7
ia n
him self,
S o s h e n k o
r e c o g n i z e d 'a
th e
b e s t
kno w n
w asG u iil& u m e
L e \u00b7i th e m
w ith
c o n f i d e n c e
i n
th e ir
n a -\u00a6
t
^
b
u
t
e
*
i
g re a tly
to the p ro s p e rity
o fc o m p a trio t
i n th is
p o o r
y o u th ,
m iser\u00af
v a s s e u r
d e
B e a u p la n ,
a u th o r
o f th efin a l d ig n ity
a n d
g a v e th e m
th ew ish
\u00a6
th e s e^ la n d \u00bb \u00b7
C a th e rin e
\u041f
, on
th e
ab ly
d ad ,becam e
in te r e ste d
i n
h im
" r> e e c r ip tio n d e im r a in e
M
( i e 4 0).T he
t o
ta k e
th e ir
p lac e
am o n g
o th e r
n
a
\u00a1c o n tra ry ,
to o k
a d v a n ta g e
o fth is
a n \u00af ;a n d
fin a lly
in tro d u c e d
h im
t o
th e
f ir s t
E n g lis h
tra n s la tio n
o fth is
v e r y
tio n s .
\u00a6 n e x a tio n
i n
o r d e r
t o
in tro d u c e
s e rf,
fam o us
a rtis t
C arlo
B ru iio v , th e n
D i-
m te re s tin g
a n d
re lia b le
b o o k
a p p e a r e d
.
-
_ ^ ,
m
1
\u043d
\u0456\u00bf ^
, ^
,
^
\u00a6 f \u00ba *
1
i
n
a
W
^
v ig o r
in th ep a r t
o f, recto r
o f th eA cadem y
o fA rts.\u0422
* \u0435
i n
1 7 04.
A m ong
th e histo rian s
le t u s
^ - ^ e ^ t a g s
I n
H \u00be ic h
S h e v c h e n k o
U
^ m
e
o n
th e
l e f t
s id e
o f
th e -\u00a1 l a t t e r ,
h a v in g fo u n d
th ey o u n g
T a\u00bba
nam e
P i e r r e
C h e v a lie r
w ho
w ro te
\u00ba* * *
D m eper
w here
it h a dn e v e r
e x is te d
d e c id e d ly
g ifte d ,
e n e o u r a g e d
h im\u00be o
"H isto ire de la guerre
dee c o s a q u e s ..."
I n
o r d e r
t o
u n d e r s t a n d
th e
im -
^
t
h
a
t
t
i
m
e
\u00b7
\u00a1t o
p u r s u e
h isw o rk .
B ut
S h e v c h e n k o
(16 6 3 ).
tra n s la te d
in to *
E n g lis h
b y
p o rta n t'
p a r t
th a t
S h e v c h e n k o
h a s
S la v e ry
i n
R u s s ia
h a s
b e e n
s u f-c o u ld
n o t b er e c e i v e d
as a
s tu d e n t
i n
E dw ard
B ro w n
i n
16 7 2.
A
t th esam e
p la y e d
i n
th e
h is to ry
o f h isp e o p le ,
fic ie n tly
d e p ic te d
b yw e ll
kno w n
R us\u00b7
* b eA cadem y, a s it w a s n o to p e n
t o
tim e
th e re
a p p e a r e d
a
s e r i e s
o fcom >|th o u g h
h e
w as
o n ly
a
p o e t
and had
si a n
a u th o rs
i n
a
s e r i e s
o f
l i t e r a r y
s e r f s ;
o n th e o th e r
h a n d ,
h is
o w ner
m u n ic a tio n s
a b o u t
th e
K o zak
w ars
n o
w eapo ns
o th e r
th a n
h is
p o e tic
w o rk s ,
s o
th a t
w e
n e e d
n o t
d w e ll\u00b7
w
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
" e a r \u00baf
le ttin g
h im
f r e e
a g a in s t
th e
P o le s
i n
co ntem po rary
\u00a6w o rd ,
i t
w o u ld
b e
n e c e s s a r y
t o
de>l lo ng
o n
i t
h e r e .
T heo p p re s s io n
o fw ith o u t
th eu s u a l
m o ney.
P ro fesso r
E n g lis h
p a p e r s
s u c h
a s :'T h e
M od\u00ab\u00a1s c rib e
th e
s u rro u n d in g s
i n
w h ic h
h e \u00a6o n e
hum an
c r e a t u r e
b y
a n o th e r,
th e
B ru iio v
r a i s e d
th en e c e s s a r y
s u m
b y
e ra te
I n te llig e n c e r,"
"T he
P e r f e c t
w asb o rn
a n d
g r e w
up, and
w h ic h \u00a6a rb itra ry
po w er
o f
th e
o w ner,
th e
raft\u00be in g *
p o rtra it
o f th ep o e t
Z h u -
D iu rn al,"
" M e rc u riu s
P o litic u s ," " S e v - n u rtu re d
h is p o e tic
g e n iu s .
\u00a6c o m p le te
d e g re d a tio n
o fhum an
d ig -' k \u00bav s k i
w h ic h
he hadp a in te d
fo r th is
e r a !
P r o c e e d i n g s "
a n d
o th e rs .
I n
S h e v c h e n k o 's
p o e tic
w o rk
b lo o m e d\u00a1 n ity
a n d
th e
e c o n o m ic
s ta g n a tio n
\u00a1p u r p o s e ,
Shevchenko w as
b o u g h to u t
th e
18 th
c e n tu ry
th e
best know n
w o rk
lik e
a
m a rv e llo u s
flo w e r
th a t
s p r a n g
\u00a6 p r o d u c e d
b yth is
s o c ia le v il a re s u ffi\u00b7
s e rfd o m ,
r e c e i v e d
in th eA cadem y
a b o u t
U k ra in e
w as
th a t
o f
J e a n
e n tire ly
fro m
its n a tiv e -s o il,\u2014 s o il th a t
c ie n tly
e v id e n t.
It is p o s s ib le
th a t
in |\u00ba*
A rts,a n d becam e
o n e
o fB ru ilo y 's
S h errer,
a u th o r
o f th e
" A n n a le s
d e
h a d
s e e n
s o
m any
g r e a t
a s p ira tio n s
c o m p e n s a tio n
t o th e
U k ra in ia n s
s o m e ; fa v o rite
p u p ils .
T hus
th e
p o o r
a p -
l a
P e tite -R u s s ie
o u
H isto ire
d e sC o \u00b7\ b lo o m
a n df a d e ,
e u c h
h e ro ic
e n th u \u00af
\u00a6fa irn e s s
o re q u ity
w as
sho w n
t o
th e m
-P re n tic e
to a
h o u s e -p a in te r
jo in e d th e
s a q u e s d e
rU kraine"
(17 8 8 ).
E n g lis h
s x a s u i,
a n d
w h ic h
h a d
b e e n
soaked \u00a1by
h is to ry .
O ne
o f th eg r e a t e s t
d e -1 s o c i e t y o f c u l t u r e d
m en,
m ade
frie n d s
tra v e lle rs
sucha s E dw ard D an.C larke\u00a1 w ith
b lo o d
a n dte a rs
i n
th e
c o u r s e
jn u n c ia to rs
o f th e s o c ia l
a n dn a tio n a l
\u00a6
* * * fiba rtis ts
a n d
a u th o rs ,
e s p e c ia llyi n
a n d
J o s e p h
M a rs h a ll, h is to ria n s
s u c h
o f its
tra g ic
h is to ry .
\u00a6 o p p r e s s i o n
o f th e
U k ra in ia n s ,
w ho se;
t
n
e
U
^ in ia n
c o lo n y
o f S t.
P e te r s ~
a s
B ernhard
C o n n o r,
p r o c e s s o r~ \u0416
j\u00be a v ia ^
d e a lt
s l a v e r y
th e
m ost
\u0435 \u0422 ~ |*
\u0436
\u00be
\u0423 '
an d
se thim self to c o m p le te
h i\u00ab
O x fo rd ,
an dC harles W hitw o rth,
d ip \u00b7\u0456 te r
th e
M o n g o lia n in v asio ni n th e
1 4 th
;
' fe c tiv e
b lo w ,
w as
b o rn
u n d e r
th e\u00a1m o re
th a n
ru d im e n ta ry
e d u c a tio n .H
a
lo m at
a n d
p o litic ia n ,
g iv e
i n
th e ir\u0456c e n tu r y ,
th e U k rain ian s
fo u n d
th e m \u00af
Ith a tc h e d
ro o f
o f a
d e s titu te
peasant\u00b7 \u00a6w\u00be*\u00a4 \u0423
* \u00a4 at
tim e already
tw e n ty - fo u r
r e sp e c tiv e
b o o k s
a n
a c c o u n t
o fw hat,selv es
su c c e ssiv e ly
u n d e r
th e
L ithu -! serf.
I t
w as
in thep r o v in c e
o fK ie v ,
y e a r s o ld , n e g o tia tio n s w ith h is
ow ner
th e y
th e m se lv e s
s a W
i n
U k rain e
o r: an ian
an d
th e n
th eP o lish su p re m ac y ,j c rad le
o f
K o z ak
lib e r tie s,
w here |having
b e e n
lo n g
an d ard u o u s,
re p e at
in fo r m a tio n
c u lle d
fro m
o th e r\u0456 I n th e
m id d le o f th e
1 7 th
c e n tu r y
th e y
\u00a1am o ng
th e p o p u la tio nth e re s till d w e lt
s o u r c e s ,
\u0446 \u042c \u0456\u0441 \u0410 \u0443
F rench
an dD u tc h ,
\u0456s u c c e e d e d
i n
thro w in g
o ff th eP o lish \u00a6the
m em ory
o fe x p lo its o f th e
K o z ak s,
W e
s h a l l
n o t
h e r e
e n te r
in to
d o m in a tio n
u n d e r
th eU k rain ian
H et-\u00a6an d
w here
th e c o n trast
b e tw e e n
th e
T he
C o m in g
o f th e P o e tic
M n .se
B orn
a
S erf
A t
th is
tim e
S h e v c h e n k o
w as
fo r
th e
fir s t
tim e
v isite d
b y
h is
p o e tic
M u se .
A
s he
him self
s a i d
l a t e r ,
f t
w as
i nB ru ilo v * s stu d io
th a th e w o u ld
le t
him self
b e
c a r r ie d
aw ay
b y h is
im a g in a tio n ,
f a raw ay
in to
h is
n a tiv e
c au se s
w hvW estern
E u ro p e
show ed
m an
B o hd an
K hm e ln itsk i
su rn am ed
h e r o ic
p ast
an d
th e
p re se n t
m isery
\u00a6
\
[
^
U
^
i
^
r
^
-T th e
p ast
th e n
th e "C rom w ell o f th e E ast
E u - 'w a s
o n ly
to o
p o ig n a n t
t h a n
it d id in th e 1 9 th c e n tu r y .
N oro p e ."
T o h im
O liv e r
C ro m w ell
se n t
d o u b t
i ti s
b e c au se
th is
c o u n tr y
dis- \u00a6m essag es
w ith
e x p re ssio n s
o ffn e n d \u00b7
b e a r e d
fro m
th e
p o litic a l
a r e n a . ; s h i p
an d
in v ita tio n s
" to
stan d
u p
T aras
S h e v c h e n k o ,th e y o u n g e r
so n
w h ic h
w ec o n sid e r
to b e ag re at
m is-ag ain sts th e P apists."
\u00a1o fa
p o o r
p e a s a n t
s e rf,
w asb o rn
o n } la n d .
T he
n a tu ra l
b e a u ty
o f th eU k-
f
rtu n e
fo r
E u ro p e
I t
is
c e rta in ,
U n fo rtu n a te ly
th eU k ra in ia n
S ta te ,
F e b r u a r y
25 ,
18 14 ,
i n
a
v illa g e ,
i n
jra in ia n
la n d s c a p e ,
im a g e s
o f h is
\u043f \u0430\u00ad
\u0439\u00baw ever
th a t
in
th e 1 7 th a n d 1 8 th d e p riv e d
a s
th e c o u n try
w as o f\u043f \u0430\u00b7\u00a1th e
p ro v in c e
o f
K ie v .
H e
lo s t
h isj tiv e
v illa g e ,
rem iniscences
o f th e h is -
n M in e s
th e re
w ere
fa rm o re
b o o k s
t
u
r
a l
f r o n t i e r s
th a t
w o u ld
p ro te c t
it
m o th e r
a t
th e a g e o fs e v e n
a n d h is to ric
p a s t
a p p e a r e d
b e fo re
h is
dream \ue000
e d
in fo rm a tio n
a b o u t
U k ra in e
th a n
a g a in s t
in v a s io n s ,
h a d
n o t
th e
fa th e r
a
fe w
y e a r s
la te r.
O n
h is ;
m
g
e y e s .
B e fo re
h im
p a s s e d
th e
t l
r e
w ere
i n
th e 19th
P * a c e
n e c e s s a r y
t o
c o n s o lid a te
a n d
d e a th -b e d
th e
fa th e r
o f
th e
fu tu re
\tra g ic
shado w s
o f th eU k ra in ia n
H et-
.
'
.
.
s tre n g th e n
its e lf
and w asu n a b le
t o
g r e a t
p o e t,
i n
b e q u e a th in g
h is
p o o r \u00a1m a n s , h is n a tiv e
s te p p e s
strew n
w itk
I ti s in te re s tin g
t o
n o te
tn a t
-ra v e i-
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
i t f
J
in d e p e n d e n c e .
A fter
a
p o s s e s s io n s
u tte re d ,
w e
a re
to ld ,\u00b7 h ig h
b u ria l
m o unds,
th e w h o le
h e ro ic
l e r s
w ho
v is ite d
th ec o u n try
a n am s-
i
p
e
r
i
o
d
o
f
w
a
I
\u00be
a s
te rrib le
i n
ru in
th e s e
p ro p h e tic
w o rd s :
"T o
m y sonp a s t
o fU kraine;h is ow n
n a tiv e
la n d
to n a n s
w ho
w ro te
a b o u t
i t
w
e r e ^
d
e
g
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
^
w
a
s
t
h
e
T h irty
T aras
I
le a v e
n o th in g .
H ew ill
n o ta p p e a r e d
t o
h im
a sa
b e a u tifu l,
m el-
m o ved
n o t
o n ly
b y
th e
\u00a4 \u00a2 * \u00a6
r
e
r
o
r
Y ears W ari n G erm any,a n d in w hich
1
b ea no rd in a ry
m an:
h ew ill tu rn
o u ta n c h o ly
im a g e .
H isp o e tic
im a g in e ^
in fo rm a tio n
b u t
m a n u e s te o
\u0437
\u0443
\u0442 -
\u00a1
\u0438
\u00bd
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
m
g
s
t
a
te s ,
P o la n d ,
M u s - e ith e r
so m eo ne
v e r y
g re a t,
or a
g r e a t
tio n
wove and
em bro idered
th e
fa b ric
p a th y
w ith
th e U k ra in ia n
p e o p le
a n a
a
n
d
T
u
r
k
e
y
p a rtic ip a te d ,
U k-
scam p, thus
i n
e ith e r
c a s e
m yle g a c y
o f h is
f ir s t
po em s,
th e ir
a r d e n t
a s p ira tio n s
fo r lib e rty .
w
&
&
^
d
e
db e ta -\u00a2 e n
M uscovy |w ill
be of no
a c c o u n t
t o
h im ."
W
e
A ll
r e a d e r s
o f
V o ltaire
k n o w
h
i
s
^
P
o
l
a
n
d
T
h
e
D
n
ie p e
r
,
th e
p rin -
c a n n o t
b u t
ad m ire
th is
in tu itio n
o f
T he
m o dest
y o u n g s te r
h id h is
f ir s t
T S \u00a6J \u00a6\u00a6L \u00a1 \u00a6*
l^ T hf
m
\u00ab
\u00be
\u00bb n ?
\u00ab\u0420 *
1
r iv e r
o
f
the c o u n ty , w as ad o p te d |\u00bf
fa th e r;w h o ^ d e e p ite h iB d n id g \u00bf '^ f\u00bf r
P ~ \u00ab f
e ft> rts .
T h e ir
d i s c o v e r yw aa
o f
S w eden
a b o u t
th e
U k ra in ia n s .I *
^
^
^
^
U
b
r
\u00a2
a
d
^
d u e to
a n
a c c id e n t,
a s
w a s h is
g ift
" L * U k ra in e
a
to u jo u rs
a s p i r e e
a
e t r e
lib re ."
Y et
i t * is
im p o s s ib le
t o
a s s e r t
th a t
d u rin g
th e19 th
c e n tu ry
th e re
w asn o
m e n tio n
o fU k ra in e
i nE uro pean
le t-\u00a6D n ie p e r
(P o lta v a
a n d
C h e rn ih iv
te rs .
It is
e n o u g h
t o
nam e
P r o s p e r
\u00a6
p r o v i n c e s )
re ta in e d
a
w id e
a u to n o m y ,;
U k r a in ia n
ta k e n
b y
P o la n d ,
th e
l e f t
b e in g
a n -a c te ris tic s
of his
son. A
t an
early l
o
f
d ra w in g .
A
y o u n g
n e x e d
b y
M uscovy.
|a g e ,
l i t t l e
T aras
sho w ed
a
d e s ire
fo r la n d o w n e r,
on a
v is it
t o
S t.P e t e r s -
\u00ab is
tru e that theie ft banko f the! u\u00bbtruction
and a
s tr o n gta c lin a \u00ab on\u00a1\u00be
\u00be
S
n
^
\u042c
\u0435
\u0422
\u0413
\u00be
\u0457
o f
S h e v c h e n k o 's
poem s
w hich
ap -
L ove
o fP ain t\u0456\u043f \u0446
\u00a6\u00a1 > c a r e d
i n
S t.
P e t e r s b u r g ,
in 1 8 4 0 ,
M erim ee
a n d
A lfred
R am baud
fo r!w ith
th e
\u00be e tm a n ,
th earm y,
i t s
ow n
F rance
andW . R .M o rfill
a n dG e o r g e | a d m in is tra tio n ,
i t s
fin a n c e s .
M uscovy\u00a6
B u t n e ith e r
th e
s c h o o lm a s te r
o f h is
R o lle s to n ,
p ro fe s s o rs
a t
O x fo rd ,
fo r! needed
a
c e n tu ry
a n d
a
h a lf
t o g r a d u \u00b7j n a tiv e
v illa g e
w ith
E n g la n d ,
a n d
th e ir
a rtic le s
a b o u t\u0456ally destroy
th is a u to n o m y
an d
t o re-; m ethods
o f
te a c h in g ,
n o r
th e
lo c al
U k rain ian
fo lk lo re
an d
l i t e r a t u r e
in\u00b7 d u c e
U k rain e ,a t th e e n d
o f th e1 8 th \u00a6ic o n - p a in te r ,
a n
in v e te r a te
d ru n k ard ,
w ith
th e
t i t l e
o f
" K o b z a r ,"
"T he
. . .
B ard ,"a s w andering
m in strels
i nU k -
h is
p r im itiv e
n
i
n
e
w
e
r
e
\u00bd
l
l
e
d
T his
v o lu m e
a n d
tho se
w hichfo l-
E n g lie h
r e v i e w s ' in the 7 0 's a n d
8 0 's.'> c e n tu ry ,
t o
th e
sta tu s
of a
R u ssia n
A t
p re se n t
fbefore the w ar]
" T h e S ia -1
p r o v in c e .
T he d e fe a t
o f
P o lta v a
i n
v o n ic
R eview "edited by the
p ro fe sso rs (1 7 0 9
o f the u n ite d
fo r c e s
o fC harles
o f
th e
S c h o o l
o f
S la v o n ic
S tu d ie s,
X II
o f
S w eden
a n d
th e
U k ra in ia n
K in g 's
C o lle g e
i n
L o n d o n ,
k e e p s in
H etm an
M a z e p p ab y P e te r
Ise rv e d a s
fro m
w hom
th ey o u n g
T aras
h o p e d
lo w e d
w ere
r e c e iv e d
w ith
g r e a te n -
t o
le a rn
th ee le m e n ts
o f the art
o f \u00a6thu siasm
m
h is n a tiv e
c o u n try
a n d
p a in tin g ,
c o u ld
sa tisfy
him .
W hen
\u0442
\u0430
< *
\u0435
th e
nam e
of the
au tho r
im -
h e
ask e d
th e
stew ard
of the e state
(
m e d ia te ly
c e l e b r a te d
m
th e
U k rain e ,
fo r
p e rm issio n
t o
a p p r e n tic e
him self
W
h
e
n
\u00b7
d
u
n
n
?
h
,
s
sum m er
ho lid ay s
b e
v isite d
h isc o u n tr y ,
h e
w as re-
to u cb
w ithth en a tio n a l
a n d
liter a r y
a '-ju stifica tio n "
to th eR u ssia n g o v er n ^ to
a
p a in ter
ina n o th er
d istr ic t,
he *
\u00ab ^ > '"
n
t
h
u
!
\u00bf \u00a3 n
a
n
d
m
a
^
o
f
t
l
\u00ab
O
t
a
^
.
p
^
.
B
\u00ab
t
i
^
_
f
*
t
l
^
t o
teil th e tru th , th e U k rain ian
p ro b \u00b7
P e r e y a s l a v
w h ic h
M uscovy
a n d
U k-
le m
i s
am o ng
th e q u e s tio n s
th a t
a re
ra in e
h a dc o n c lu d e d
i n1 65 4.
S till,
a
th e
: e a s t
kno w n
a n d
s tu d ie d
i n
E u-
c e n tu ry
a n d
h a lf
o f
a u to n o m y
re n -
r o p e ,
th o u g h
by no
m eans
th e
le a s t |d e r e d
p o s s ib le
th e
d e v e lo p m e n t
of a
im p o rta n t.
n a tio n a l
c u ltu re .
I t
s e r v e d
la te r
a s
T h e
p o e tic a l
w o rk s
o f
S h e v c h e n k o
a
b a s is
fo r th e re c o n s tru c tio n
o f th e
o c c u n v
q u ite
a n
e x c e p tio n a l
p la c e
i n
h is to ric a l
tra d itio n ,
th e
\u00be e of theU krajm ian
p e o p le .
I f
T
h
e
l
o
t
o
f
t
h
e
p ro v in c e s
o n th e
\u0413
3 1 1 \u0413
\u0417 \u0406\u0413
\u00ab \u0433
\u0428
~ \u0406\u0413 \u044f\u0421
r ig h t
b an k
o f
th e
D n ie p e r ,
w hich
tn e
\u00a3 r e a t
\u043f \u0430 \u0456\u044e \u043f \u0430 \u0456
p o e tso f W e s t
E u -,
*
d e v astate d
fe ll
t o
th e
r o p e tn
n a tio n s,
w h e th e r
b y
\u0442 \u0443
\u0448
* |~ \u00ab * *
t
k
\u00b7
A
S
U
U
d
\u00b7
I
U
!
l
o
t
n
c
d ow n
n e w
paths in
l i t e r a t u r e
o ro p e n -
,
f
c
i
l
K
( >
L
f
a r i s t o c r a t i c
th e
form er
*T he
A th en a eu m .
T h eS a tu r d a y R e\u00ad
v iew ,
T he
W estm in ster
R ev iew
u p p e r
c lasse s
o f th e p o p u la tio n
w ere
" p o lo n iz e d "
a n d th e
lo w e r
w eree n \u00ad
slav e d
by the
lan d o w n e rs.
T he
p o p -m an o r-ho u se
as a
sc u llio n .
F ro m
th e
k itc h e n
th e
y o u n g
T aras
p asse d
t o
*
\u00ba *
P < * * \u00b7
T
h
e
\u00ba \
d
^
th e
antecham ber
in to
th e
p e r s o n a l
* \u0423
* \u0430
^
0
\u0440
\u0404
\u041f
^
se rv ic e
o fhis owner.
I n this capacity i \u00ab ^ \u00b7
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
re p re se n tativ e s
o f th e
h e
fo llo w e d
h im
fir s t
t o
W arsaw , \% \u00a1\u00a6* *\u0423
\u00be
e
o
u
^
h
t
frie n d s h ip ,
th e n
t o V iln a
a n d
la s tly
t o
S t. Peters-
* * \u00ba#*
\u0442
"
\u0441
\u043a
\u043f
\u0448
t
h
ep u b lic
e y e
d e sire d
b u rg .
T here.
T aras
alre ad y
a
y o u th
* \u00ba
h
a
Y
^
t
h
e
,
r
f
^
J
8
^
b
y
o f
e ig h te e n ,
a t
la s t
o b ta in e d
p e rm is \u00b7
h
J
m
;
u
H
e
^
* * * .
a
f
f
e
5 ^
n
\u00ba
f
J
T
s io n
t o
b e
a p p re n tic e d
t o
a
p a in te r\u00a1
0
/
t
h
e
^ ^ \u0406 ^ \u0422
\u0406 \u0406 **\u00a6* %
S
&
\u00b7
an d
d e c o r a to r
H isow ner
fia tte r in a
V
a
n
r
a
r
a
'
d a u g h te r
o fP r te c e
R e p \u00a4 im
an d
c k c o ia to i.
r l is
o w n e i.
n
t
t
i
u
m
W as -h o sp ita bly
received *by the
p r in c e
a t h is fa m ily
sea t.
(T o
b e
c o n tin u e d >
P o lan d ,
w asd iffe r e n t.
T hehim self
w ith
th e
ho p e
o fe m p lo y in g
h is
ow n
a r t i s t
o n hise sta te ,
d e c id e d
a t
l a s t
t o
m ake
u se o f
th is
tale n t
fo r
d raw in g .
B u t th e
n e w
m aster,
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