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Laporan Penggunaan Operating System: Microsoft Windows Vista

Disediakan oleh Jumain Sainoh/Kenneth Wong Bahagian Latihan dan Penyelidikan 5 Februari 2009

A. Microsoft Windows Vista: Pendahuluan


Windows Vista adalah system pengoperasian yang terbaru selepas Windows XP. Dikeluarkan pada 30 Januari 2007. Versi semasa ialah 6.0 Service Pack 1 (SP1). Antara perubahan dan fitur baru Windows Vista termasuklah antaramuka grafik pengguna dan gaya visual yang telah dikemaskini. Windows Vista mempunyai 6 edisi iaitu Windows Vista Starter, Windows Vista Home Basic, Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows Vista Business, Windows Vista Enterprise dan Windows Vista Ultimate. Windows Vista Starter Lebih banyak seperti Windows XP Starter Edition. Mempunyai fungsi yang sangat terhad seperti membenarkan pengguna melaksanakan hanya 3 aplikasi dengan antaramuka pada satusatu masa, tidak membenarkan sambungan rangkaian dan had bagi memori fizikal ialah 1GB. Hanya untuk pemproses AMD iaitu Athlon XP, Duron, Sempron dan Geode dan pemproses Intel iaitu Celeron, Pentium III dan beberapa model Pentium 4. Had boleh guna untuk cakera padat ialah hanya 250 GB. Beberapa desktop-wallpapers juga tidak boleh dijumpai pada versi Vista yang lain. Windows Vista Home Basic Sama seperti Windows XP Home Edition. Mempunyai translucent effects yang kurang pada temanya. Menyokong Desktop Window Manager tapi tanpa efek gelas. Menyokong sehingga 8 GB RAM. Mempunyai Windows Firewall, parental controls, Safety Center, Windows Movie Maker, Windows Photo Gallery dan lain-lain fungsi. Windows Vista Home Premium Mengandungi semua fitur yang ada pada Home Basic dan ditambah dengan fitur khas seperti HDTV dan DVD-authoring.

Windows Vista Business Setara dengan Windows XP Professional. Mempunyai semua fitur Home Basic dan ia juga mempunyai IIS web-server, fax support, Rights Management Services (RMS), file-system encryption, menyokong dual-processor (dua soket), system-image backup and recovery, sokongan fail off-line, versi penuh Remote Desktop yang menyokong rangkaian masuk ( incoming connections ), keupayaan kolaborasi ad-hoc P2P, Windows ShadowCopy dan beberapa fitur komersil lain. Windows Vista Enterprise Sama seperti Vista Business cuma terdapat penambahan-penambahan seperti pakej Multilingual User Interface ( MUI ), BitLocker Drive Encryption, dan sokongan aplikasi UNIX. Windows Vista Ultimate Windows Vista Ultimate menggabungkan semua fitur edisi Home Premium dan Enterprise ditambah dengan "Ultimate Extras".

B. Perbandingan antara Windows Vista dan Windows XP


Windows XP dan Windows Vista mempunyai perbezaan dari segi keselamatannya, teknologi rangkaian, pengurusan dan pentadbiran, antaramuka pengguna dan mobile computing. Terdapat banyak kritikan ke atas Windows XP yang berkaitan dengan masalah keselamatannya ( sekuriti ) dan isu-isu prestasi ( performance ) manakalau Vista menerima kritikan yang berkaitan dengan prestasi ( performance ) dan pengaktifan produk. Kritikan lain yang lazim adalah berkenaan dengan integrasinya dengan Digital Rights Management ( DRM ) ( ke dalam sistem pengoperasian ) dan teknologi sekuriti User Account Control ( UAC ). Keserasian ( Compatibility )

Windows Vista menghadapi masalah backward compatibility dengan pelbagai games dan program utiliti yang dapat berjalan dalam Windows XP. Sehingga Julai 2007, terdapat kira-kira 2,000 aplikasi yang membawa logo 'Vista Compatibility' khususnya, walaupun secara majoriti daripada aplikasi yang tidak mempunyai logo itu tidak menghadapi sebarang masalah semasa dalam penggunaan.

Prestasi ( Performance ) Pelbagai ujian prestasi telah membuktikan bahawa XP mengatasi Vista dalam hal-hal produktiviti yang tertentu. Operasi salin fail adalah salah satu bukti yang menunjukkan Vista melaksanakannya lebih baik daripada XP. Dalam satu ujian yang telah dijalankan oleh CRN Test Center, satu fail bersaiz 1.25 GB telah disalin ke desktop masing-masing daripada satu rangkaian kongsi (network share) dan bagi XP, ia mengambil masa 2 minit 54 saat manakala Vista SP1 pula mengambil 2 minit 29 saat. Dalam ujian-ujian lain yang berkaitan dengan grafik dan juga kelajuan, didapati Vista bukanlah satu pengganti yang sangat baik. Keselamatan ( Security ) Dalam Windows XP, setiap pengguna akan ditetapkan sebagai administrator (by default) melainkan ditambah melalui Computer Management. Oleh sebab itu, kebanyakkan pengguna menggunakan perisian mereka dengan akses administrator. Maka itu, ini akan menyebabkan mereka akan terdedah kepada ancaman sekuriti.

Fitur (Feature) Windows Defender Windows Firewall Windows Security Center BitLocker Drive Encryption Parental controls User Account Control Data Execution Prevention

Windows XP Boleh didapati sebagai muaturun percuma Ya Ya ( bermula dengan SP2 ) Tidak Sesetengah ( Internet Explorer membenarkan parental control dalam web browsing ) Tidak Ya (bermula dengan SP2)

Windows Vista Ya Ya Ya Ya ( Enterprise dan Ultimate sahaja ) Ya Ya Ya

Stail Visual ( Visual styles ) Luna ialah stail visual yang default dalam Windows XP. Boleh didapati dalam tiga warna iaitu default ( biru ), hijau zaitun dan perak. Kecuali edisi Windows XP Media Center yang didatangkan dengan tema default iaitu Royale.

Dalam kebanyakkan Windows Vista, tema default adalah Windows Aero. Aero mempunyai efek-efek khas dan juga live thumbnails, animated transitions dan Flip 3D. Walau bagaimanapun ia memerlukan kad grafik video yang lebih canggih ( high-end ), sokongan DirectX 9 dan warna 32-bit ataupun jika tidak Windows Vista akan memaparkan menggunakan stail visual "Windows Vista Basic".

C. Isu-Isu Berkaitan
Sepanjang penggunaan Windows Vista yang terdapat dalam komputer-komputer di Makmal Latihan ICT JPKN, hanya terdapat beberapa isu yang dihadapi setakat ini. Antaranya adalah seperti berikut: Isu IIS ( Internet Information Services ) IIS adalah salah satu isu yang kritikal untuk pembangunan laman web mahupun sistem yang berasaskan web. Salah satu daripadanya adalah dengan menggunakan perisian Adobe Dreamweaver. Oleh itu, bagi kursus yang melibatkan perkara-perkara yang disebutkan di atas, adalah sukar untuk dijalankan di makmal ICT JPKN. Dalam keadaan yang mendesak, program Virtual PC telah digunakan untuk membolehkan kursus-kursus seperti ini dijalankan di makmal ICT ini. Isu Rangkaian Oleh kerana isu sekuriti adalah satu keutamaan dalam Windows Vista, maka ianya telah menjadi ketat dan memerlukan banyak prosedur. Bagi memboleh perkongsian dalam rangkaian, banyak prosedur yang perlu diambil dan ini merumitkan lagi keadaan. Note: 1. Bilik Latihan ICT JPKN mempunyai 15 unit komputer yang disewa dari pembekal tempatan. 2. Semua komputer diinstal dengan Microsoft Windows Vista Business Edition.

D. Rumusan / Cadangan
Secara keseluruhannya, keadaan ini menunjukkan bahawa Microsoft Windows XP masih lagi menjadi pilihan. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak dinafikan juga bahawa lambat laun Windows Vista perlu juga diterima dan digunapakai. Dari segi kos, Windows XP merupakan satu pilihan yang lebih murah berbanding Windows Vista, akan tetapi hanya sampai bila ianya boleh digunakan. Mungkin ini perlu dipertimbangkan mengikut keperluan Makmal Latihan ICT JPKN.

The Vista Editions


Vista Edition Full Price Upgrade Price Fancy Aero "Glass" UI User Account Control (UAC) Windows Firewall/Defender IE7 with phishing filter, protected mode Instant Search Maximum supported RAM (32-bit version) Maximum supported RAM (64-bit version) Number of logical CPUs (cores) supported Number of physical CPUs supported Backup and recover Scheduled backup Volume Shadow Copy BitLocker (drive encryption) SuperFetch "Premium" Games Media Player 11 Photo Gallery Media Center (with HDTV/cablecard support) Windows Movie Maker (with HD support) Windows DVD Maker Remote Desktop Offline Files/Folders IIS Web Server Meeting Space Interaction Rights Management Services Tablet PC Functionality SideShow Speech Recognition Fax and Scan Ultimate Extras Vista Home Vista Home Basic Premium $199 $239 $99 $159 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4GB 8GB Unlimited 1 Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Limited No No Limited No No No Yes No No Yes Yes 4GB 16GB Unlimited 2 Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Limited No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Vista Business $299 $199 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4GB 128GB Unlimited 2 Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Vista Vista Enterprise Ultimate License only $399 License only $259 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4GB 128GB Unlimited 2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes 4GB 128GB Unlimited 2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Vista vs. Windows XP


Windows Vista has: New features Improved security Better overall user experience

Discover new features in Windows Vista


Windows Vista offers a considerable number of new and improved features over Windows XP. Some of these great new features include: Windows Aero: Windows Vista features a totally different look for its interfacea cleaner, transparent look with impressive graphic quality, not to mention Live Icons and the new Windows Flip 3D feature. Windows Aero requires a higher-end video graphics card; otherwise, Windows Vista is displayed using Windows Basic. Check with your computer manufacturer, or use the Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor to see whether your video card is ready for Windows Aero. Windows Sidebar: Windows Vista offers a panel (transparent, if you're using Windows Aero) that displays your selection of Windows gadgetsmini-applications that perform useful functions, such as a clock, a calendar, a Microsoft Office Outlook inbox representation, and currency exchange. Microsoft Windows Media Player 11: While you can download it for Windows XP, this latest and greatest version of Windows Media Player is designed for Windows Vista and shouldn't be missed. With its new graphics-oriented interface, Windows Media Player 11 abandons the text-oriented look and field of previous versions. Did I mention that you can also use Windows Media Player 11 to share your media over your private home network? Windows Search: One of the most helpful new features in Windows Vista, you can now search for files or applications from almost anywhere. Unlike in Windows XP, with Window Search, you can simply type a few letters of your search request, and the results appear on the flya helpful feature when looking for a file or application from the Start menu. For example, type fir, and Windows Firewall entries appear in the Start menu.

Enjoy better security


People are concerned about security these daysnot only Windows security but also how to protect themselves and their families when using their home computers. Microsoft has addressed both of these issues head on in Windows Vista. Some of the improved security features in the new operating system include:

Parental Controls: Windows Vista includes Parental Controls that let you as the computer administrator set highly specific boundaries for other users, including separate standard user accounts for family members, especially children. You can set very specific rules and usage limitations for individual users. You can set rules such as which sites a certain user can or cannot access and hours during which a particular user can use the computer; you can also curtail access to specific applications and view where other users have been on your computer and on the Web. Windows Vista User Account Control (UAC): UAC is a new security feature that lets you operate Windows Vista more as a standard user than as a true administrator, where you have complete access to everything. Features that UAC protects, denoted with a multi-colored shield, require your permission or validation before you can access them. Windows Firewall: Windows Vista now features two different firewalls: the standard firewall that was available in Windows XP and Windows Firewall with Advanced Features. The latter offers true firewall protection, including bidirectional filters, meaning that both incoming and outgoing data are scanned.

Other security features, such as BitLocker Drive Encryption, are available in some editions of Windows Vista. All Windows Vista editions feature the latest version of Windows Defender, Microsoft's anti-spyware application.

An improved user experience


The overall user experience in Windows Vista goes far beyond what is available in Windows XP. Some of the things that I've found really enjoyable are: The new Start menu: The Start menu displays everything within the context of a single menu. Instead of having to scroll through a list of applications (which took up considerable screen real estate in Windows XP), you can now view a single, collapsible Start menu.
Improved folders: Searching folders is considerably easier in Windows Vista. My Documents, My Music, My Videos, and so on are simplified and appear simply as Documents, Music, Videos. These folders are always present when you search folders. For example, if you're in the Documents folder, folder representations of Music, Videos, Searches, and so on, appear on the left side of the Documents folder.

Live Icons: When you're using Windows Aero, you can hover your mouse over open windows in the task bar and see a live representation of what's running in them. You can get the same preview by using the Windows Flip 3D feature or even by pressing ALT+TAB to toggle windows and folders, which makes navigation much easier. Faster Operating System. The days of waiting several minutes for Windows XP to load are over; Windows Vista loads within 45 seconds and is ready to go almost instantly. If you have to install Windows Vista, you can perform a full installation in about 35 minutes.

Compare Windows XP to Windows Vista

Windows XP

Windows Vista

Enjoy more
Find, fix, and share photos Organize, edit, and share your favorite photos with family and friends using Windows Photo Gallery.

Find almost anything Find documents, e-mail, photos, and more in a snap through Instant Search.

Turn any room into a media room Manage and enjoy digital photos, music, TV shows, and movies in your living room with Windows Media Center.M

Play the way you want Easily install, organize, and play games using Windows Game Explorer.

Make movie magic Retain high-definition quality as you capture, edit, and publish movies from a video camcorder with Windows Movie Maker.2

Windows XP

Windows Vista

Worry less
Help your kids stay safer Help keep your children safer online with customizable Parental Controls.

Back up and restore files Get improved backup and restore functions, including automatically scheduled backups, with Windows Backup and Restore Center.

Help safeguard sensitive data Better protect your data against loss or theft if your mobile PC is ever lost or stolen with Windows BitLocker Drive Encryption.B

Guard against external threats Help protect your PC from external threats with Windows Firewall.

Find and remove spyware Help protect your PC by regularly scanning your computer for spyware with Windows Defender.3

Windows XP feature improved in Windows Vista

Home VistaBasic and Premium


There are two versions of Vista made for the home, titled appropriately enough, "Home Basic" and "Home Premium." Both of these give you much of the basic good stuff that you'd want to upgrade to Vista for. They have all the security enhancements, the new version of Internet Explorer 7 with that super extrasecure "protected mode," the Firewall and anti-spyware program (Windows Defender), stuff like that. Don't confuse spyware protection with virus protectionneither version has a virus scanning and cleaning program. Both also offer the Superfetch caching system that pro-loads data into RAM to help reduce hard drive utilization, with the ability to use some USB 2.0 thumb drives to make it run even faster. Both Basic and Premium will support CPUs with as many cores as you like. If Intel comes out with an 8-core CPU in two years, you should be all set no matter which one you buy. If you plan to run a system with more than one physical CPUmeaning two CPUs in two socketsyou're going to need any version of Vista but the Home Basic edition. Home Basic is also limited to 8GB in its 64-bit version, while Premium supports up to 16GB. We expect that won't be a major differentiation factor for a couple more years. The 32-bit versions of Vista are all limited to 4GB of RAM. It's when you start to look at bundled applications that you see some differences in the two Home editions. You get full speech recognition in every version of Vista, and it's a totally cool feature that not many have tried out. The Photo Gallery and Media Player 11 are in both versions. Editing movies and saving them to DVD is reserved for Premium (unless you buy third-party software, of course). The "premium" games bundled with Vista, like Chess or the kid's title Purble Palace, are only in the Premium edition. The two differ a lot in some core usability and interface features, too. While both editions have that nifty instant search feature that reveals results as you type (ala the Mac OS X's Spotlight, only more robust), and you can backup and recover your user folders or entire drives, that's about the extent of the similarities. Windows Sideshow is a feature that lets Vista send information to remote or secondary displays, and it's not in the Basic edition. Tablet PC functionality isn't in there, either. You can use backup and restore on both Basic and Premium, but Basic won't let you schedule unattended backups. Remote Desktop is limited to incoming connections on both of these editions. Meeting Space is a kind of nifty collaboration and whiteboarding tool, but with the Basic edition you can only view them. You need Premium or better to participate. The two big "missing from Basic but found in Premium" features are the fancy Aero interface and Windows Media Center. The Aero "Glass" interface is that nifty 3D accelerated, somewhat transparent, smoothly animating UI that you see in demos of Vista. Without it, the desktop looks sort of plain and flat, and the whole OS is just plain and not as fun. Windows Media Center needs no real introduction at this pointit's the 10-foot interface for using your PC to listen to music, watch video, record TV programs, and so on. It's only in the Premium and Ultimate editions.

Work VistaBusiness and Enterprise


While most of you trying to decide which form of Vista to buy will consider the two Home editions or Ultimate, there are some that may consider the Business alternatives. Generally speaking, this is something your place of business will buy or get when they finally upgrade your work PCs about two years after all the employees start complaining about how old and slow they are. Vista Business costs a bit more than even Home Premium does, while Vista Enterprise doesn't have a simple per-unit price. Enterprise is only available in volume licensing dealsyou're not going to see it in stores. Both editions have all the basic Vista security and UI stuff. Instant Search, the Firewall and Windows Defender, User Account Control, the Aero UI, IE7 with protected mode, SuperFetch, Media Player 11, and Photo Gallery are all in there. These editions are very similar to the Home Premium model, only without Media Center, Windows Movie Maker, or Windows DVD Maker. In a nutshell, that's the difference between the home and work editions. The work editions do add a few of their own unique twists, though. Like Home Premium, they support two physical CPUs and as many logical CPUs (cores) as you may have. But the 64-bit versions of Business and Enterprise support up to a whopping 128GB of RAM. Note that these aren't the editions made for serversthat will come later, and will support more physical processors and probably an even higher RAM limit. One of the best new technologies in the Business and Enterprise editions is Volume Shadow Copy. This feature first appeared in Windows XP in a very limited fashion, but the robust model used in Vista can be found in Windows Server 2003. Basically, it takes periodic snapshots of your files as they are changed, and keeps them around. You can right-click on a file, choose Properties, and from there restore to a previous version of the file. You can find an example of this at Microsoft's site.
Volume Shadow Copy technology is used to allow even open files to be backed up with system backup software, but it can be really handy when you suddenly realize you saved over a document without renaming it, or some other such common error. Built-in faxing and scanning support are reserved for these office-bound editions, too. These editions of Vista also include Rights Management Services, truly a feature made for the office environment. RMS is basically a DRM for corporate e-mail, documents, and intranet web pages. It allows you to encrypt these kinds of sensitive data, and then set server-side policies about who can decrypt what. Server admins can restrict who can perform specific functions like copying, deleting, or printing. Other technologies made for more of a client/server centric work network like the IIS7 web server and support for offline files and folders are found only in Business and Enterprise. One last interesting feature available in Enterprise edition, but not Business, is a full drive encryption technology Microsoft calls BitLocker. It requires a hardware "Trusted Platform Module" or special USB key in order to operate, and is designed for large corporate environments where regular password protection to systems is inadequate.

Vista Ultimate, and choosing the right edition


The granddaddy of Vista editions is appropriately titled Windows Vista Ultimate, which includes everything from every other edition. All the media stuff from the Home Premium edition like Media Center and Windows Movie Maker, together with all the office stuff like BitLocker, Volume Shadow Copy, Rights Management Services, and full Meeting Space interactivity. There's nothing in any other version that isn't in Ultimate, but Ultimate does have one thing none of the others doit's called Windows Ultimate Extras. What are these "Ultimate Extras?" We have no idea! If you have Vista Ultimate, you'll find Ultimate Extras in the Windows Update application. Microsoft describes them as "programs, services, and tips and tricks" that are reserved for users of Vista Ultimate Edition. Unfortunately, in all the Vista beta releases and even the current RTM final code, this online repository of additional goodness is totally empty. We tried asking Microsoft what users can expect to find there at the end of January, but they're keeping quiet for now. So which edition do you go with? We would honestly recommend avoiding the Home Basic version. The 3D accelerated Aero UI is a big thing to lose, and Media Center can be really nice even if you don't plan on using a TV tuner card. If you were thinking of Home Basic because you fear that you don't have the hardware to run Vista with all the bells and whistles on anyway, you should probably just stick with Windows XP until upgrade time. For most users, Home Premium is going to be the way to go. It offers all the nice UI and media stuff, and while a couple of things in the office versions (like Volume Shadow Copy) would be nice to have, you're not missing out on much. The Business and Enterprise editions are best reserved for the office. It's like Home Premium with some nice extra workplace features, minus Media Center. If Media Center was included, we would suggest these as alternatives for home power users, in fact. There's a bit of a price premium for these editions; enough that home users probably won't find it worth the extra money to get some features they won't even use very often. Ultimate is great, but that price tagouch! Of course, all these prices are "suggested retail" and we regularly find Windows XP far below its MSRP. Windows XP Home retails for $199, or $99 for the upgrade version. Windows XP Professional is $100 more. We almost never see those prices in the real world, and we suspect Vista won't cost quite as much as Microsoft's MSRP, too. Still, at $259 just for the upgrade and four hundred bucks for the full version, Vista Ultimate is a lot to swallow. What it adds, for home users, isn't really enough to justify the huge price jump from Home Premium. For business users, the only major addition seems to be Media Center. The real wildcard is that mysterious Vista Ultimate Extras function that has thus far gone unused. If Microsoft quickly populates that area with some bona-fide, worth-paying-money-for, extremely useful stuff, Ultimate might actually be worth the price premium. If that doesn't happen, we think Home Premium is the real sweet spot for most users.

Windows Vista system requirements


Vista Capable Processor Memory Graphics card Graphics memory HDD capacity HDD free space Other drives 800 MHz 512 MB DirectX 9.0 capable 32 MB 20 GB 15 GB DVD-ROM Vista Premium Ready 1 GHz 1 GB DirectX 9.0 capable and WDDM 1.0 driver support 128 MB 40 GB

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