Giao An Lop 11 Nang Cao Hoan Chinh

Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 01 Tn bi Tit : 1, 2 N TP U NM
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ngy son : 18/08/2012 Ngy dy : 21/08/2012
I.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc:n tp v h thng nhng kin thc trng tm, c bn ca chng trnh ho hc lp 10, gip hc sinh thun li khi tip thu kin thc ho hc lp 11. - Cu to nguyn t - BTH cc nguyn t ho hc v nh lut tun hon - Phn ng ho hc - Tc phn ng v cn bng ho hc 2. K nngCng c li mt s k nng - Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t. - T cu to nguyn t xc nh v tr ca nguyn t trong bng tun hon v ngc li. - Vn dng quy lut bin i tnh cht ca cc n cht v hp cht trong bng tun hon so snh v d on tnh cht ca cc cht. - M t s hnh thnh mt s loi lin kt: lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr, lin kt cho - nhn. - Lp phng trnh phn ng oxi ho - kh. - Vn dng cc yu t nh hng n tc phn ng v cn bng ho hc iu khin phn ng ho hc. II. Chun b: - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. - Cc bi tp lin quan. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : Kim tra qun s 2. Kim tra bi c ; Kt hp cng bi n 3. Bi mi Bi 1: a) Cho cc nguyn t A, B, C c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 12,13. - Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc nguyn t . - Xc nh v tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng HTTH. - Cho bit tn nguyn t v k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t . - Vit cng thc oxit cao nht ca cc nguyn t . - Sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu tnh kim loi tng dn v cc oxit tng ng theo chiu gim dn tnh baz. Hng dn gii: B ( Z = 12 ) Cu hnh electron nguyn t: 1s22s22p63s2 V tr: nhm IIA, chu k 3. Tn nguyn t: Magi, k hiu ho hc: Mg Cng thc oxit cao nht: MgO C ( Z = 13 ) Cu hnh electron nguyn t: 1s22s22p63s23p1 V tr: nhm IIIA, chu k 3. Tn nguyn t: Nhm, k hiu ho hc: Al Cng thc oxit cao nht: Al2O3 Da vo quy lut bin i tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong mt chu k, cc nguyn t trn c sp xp theo chiu tnh kim loi tng dn: Al, Mg, Na Da vo quy lut bin i tnh axit baz ca cc oxit trong mt chu k, cc oxit trn c sp xp theo chiu tnh baz gim dn: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3 b ) Cho cc nguyn t X, Y, Z c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 15, 33. - Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc nguyn t . - Xc nh v tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng HTTH. - Cho bit tn nguyn t v k hiu ho hc ca nguyn t . - Vit cng thc oxit cao nht ca cc nguyn t .
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC - Sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu tnh phi kim tng dn v cc oxit tng ng theo chiu gim dn tnh axit. Hng dn gii: Y ( Z = 15 ) Cu hnh electron nguyn t: 1s22s22p63s23p3 V tr: nhm VA, chu k 3. Tn nguyn t: phtpho, k hiu ho hc: P Cng thc oxit cao nht: P2O5 Z ( Z = 33 ) Cu hnh electron nguyn t: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3 V tr: nhm VA, chu k 4. Tn nguyn t: asen, k hiu ho hc:As Cng thc oxit cao nht: As2O5 Da vo quy lut bin i tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong mt nhm A, cc nguyn t trn c sp xp theo chiu tnh phi kim tng dn: As, P, N. Da vo quy lut bin i tnh axit baz ca cc oxit trong mt nhm A, cc oxit trn c sp xp theo chiu tnh axit gim dn: N2O5, P2O5, As2O5 Bi 2: Lp phng trnh ho hc sau: 1.KMnO4 + HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + KCl + H2O 2. FeS2 + O2 Fe2O3 + SO2 3. Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + H2O 4. NaClO + KI + H2SO4 I2 + NaCl + K2SO4 + H2O 5. Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + Fe Yu cu HS chun b vo v. Gi HS ln bngtrnh by, ng thi GV kim tra s chun b ca HS ngi di lp. Bi 3: Phn ng sau y xy ra trong bnh kn : CaCO3 CaO + CO2 ; H = 178 kJ a) Phn ng trn l to nhit hay thu nhit ? b) Cn bng hh chuyn dch v pha no khi: - Gim nhit ca phn ng ? - Thm kh CO2 vo bnh ? - Tng dung tch ca bnh phn ng ? Hng dn gii: a.Phn ng trn thu nhit v H > 0 b. Theo nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng th: Cn bng trn s chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi gim nhit ca phn ng Cn bng trn s chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi nn thm kh CO2 vo bnh Cn bng trn s chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng dung tch ca bnh phn ng. Bi 4: a) Da vo s xen ph cc AO, hy m t s hnh thnh lin kt trong cc phn t sau y : H2 , Cl2 , HCl. b) Da vo thuyt lai ho, hy m t s hnh thnh lin kt trong cc phn t: CH4 , C2H4 , C2H2 . Hng dn gii: a. - Phn t H2. Mi nguyn t hiro c 1 electron trn obitan 1s. Hai obitan ny xen ph nhau. l s xen ph s - s. Phn t H2 hnh thnh nh 1 lin kt n. - phn t Cl2, HCl : tng t. b. - Phn t CH4. Nguyn t C trng thi lai ho sp3 ; 4 obitan lai ho hng v 4 nh ca hnh t din u, trn mi obitan lai ho c 1 electron c thn, tham gia xen ph vi 1 obitan 1s ca 4 nguyn t hiro, to thnh 4 lkt - Cc phn t C2H4 v C2H2 : Tng t. IV. Cng c v dn d : -Yu cu hc sinh nm tng th cc kin thc phc v trong chng trnh 11
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang - Chun b bi : S in li Tun : 02 Tit : 3 Chng 1 : S IN LI Tn bi S IN LI
I.Mc tiu: *Hc sinh hiu: - Nguyn nhn v tnh dn in ca dung dch cht in li. - C ch ca qu trnh in li. *Hc sinh bit: - Bit c cc khi nim v s in li, cht in li. - Rn luyn k nng thc hnh: quan st so snh. II.Chun b: GV: - Dng c v ho cht th nghim o dn in - Tranh v( hnh 1.2 v hnh 1.3 SGK ) HS: n li hin tng dn in c hc trong chng trnh vt l lp 7 III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : Kim tra qun s 2. Kim tra bi c ; khng kim tra 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I.Hin tng in li. GV: Lp h thng th nghim nh SGK v lm th 1. Th nghim. nghim biu din, HS quan st, nhn xt v rt ra - Khi ni cc u dy dn in vi cng mt ngun in, kt lun. ta ch thy bng n cc ng dung dch NaCl bt sng. Vy dung dch NaCl dn in, cn nc ct v dung dch saccaroz khng dn in. - Lm th nghim tng t, ngi ta thy NaCl rn, khan, NaOH rn khan, cc dung dch C2H5OH, C3H5(OH)3 khng dn in. Ngc li cc dung dch axit, baz v mui u dn in. Hot ng 2: 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in ca cc dung dch axit, GV: Ti sao cc dung dch axit, baz, mui dn baz v mui trong nc. in? - Do dung dch cc cht axit, baz, mui khi tan trong nc phn li thnh cc ion. Kt lun: - Cc axit, baz, mui khi tan trong nc phn li thnh cc ion lm cho dung dch ca chng dn c in. - S in li l qu trnh in li cc cht thnh ion. - Nhng cht khi tan trong nc phn li thnh cc ion c gi l cht in li. II. C ch ca qu trnh in li. Hot ng 3: 1.Cu to ca phn t nc. HS phn tch v rt ra nhn xt: Phn t nc l - Lin kt O - H l lin kt cng ho tr phn cc. phn t phn cc. - Phn t nc c cu to dng gc, do phn t nc phn cc. - phn cc ca phn t nc kh ln Hot ng 4: HS phn tch c dim cu to ca 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl trong nc. tinh th NaCl? Di tc dng ca cc phn t ncphn cc, cc ion Na+ GV thng bo: Khi cho tinh th NaCl vo nc c v Cl- tch ra khi tinh th i vo dung dch. hin tng g xy ra? NaCl Na+ + Cl3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl trong nc.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng 5: GV: Khi cc phn t c lin kt cng ho tr tan trong nc c in li thnh ion khng? V.Cng c v dn d : - H thng kin thc : +Nguyn nhn dn in + C ch ca qu trnh in li ca NaCl v HCl - Bi tp v nh: Bi 4, 5, 6, 7 trang 7 SGK - Chun b bi Phn loi cc cht in li
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC - Phn t HCl cng l phn t c cc tng t phn t nc. - Do s tng tc gia cc phn t phn cc H2O v HCl, phn t HCl in li thnh cc ion. HCl H+ + Cl_
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC
Tun : 02 Tit : 4 I.Mc tiu bi hc. 1, Kin thc: - Hc sinh hiu:
Chng 1 : S IN LI Tn bi PHN LOI CC CHT IN LI + Th no l in li. + Th no l cht in li mnh, in li yu. - Vn dng in li bit cht in li mnh, cht in li yu.
Ngy son : 26/08/2012 Ngy dy : 28/08/2012
2 K nng: II. Chun b: GV: - B dng c th nghim v tnh dn in ca dung dch. - Dung dch HCl 0,1M v CH3COOH 0,1M III. Tin trnh tit dy. 1. n nh t chc : Kim tra qun s 2. Kim tra bi c ; khng kim tra 3. Bi mi Hot ng Hot ng 1: GV: M t gii thiu dng c v ho cht th nghim. Mi 1 hc sinh thao tc th nghim trn bn GV, cc hc sinh khc quan st , nhn xt v gii thch. Hot ng 2: GV: ch mc in li ra ion ca cht in li trong dung dch ngi ta dng in li. GV: Vit biu thc tnh in li n = vi : in li; n: s phn t in li; no no s phn t cht ho tan. Hot ng 3: HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit th no l cht in li mnh? in li ca cht in li mnh l bao nhiu ? - HS pht biu. GV thng bo mt s cht in li mnh thng gp l: cc axit mnh, cc baz mnh, hu ht cc mui. Hot ng 4 : Yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit: - Th no l cht in li yu ? Cht in li yu c in nm trong khong no? GV : gii thiu mt s cht in li yu. GV: Vit phng trnh in ca mt s cht in li yu. GV: Vit biu thc hng s in li. [ H + ][CH 3 COO ] K = [CH 3 COOH ] GV hi: Khi pha long dung dch, in li ca cc cht in li tng? Ti sao. - HS nghin cu tr li.
Ni dung I. in li. 1. Th nghim: - Dung dch HCl lm bng n sng r hn so vi dung dch CH3COOH. * kt lun: Cc cht khc nhau c kh nng in li khc nhau. 2. in li:
in li ca cht in li c th c cc gi tr nm trong khong: 0< 1 II. Cht in li mnh v cht in li yu. 1.Cht in li mnh. - Cht in li mnh l cht khi tan trong nc, cc phn t ho tan u phn li ra ion. VD: Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO42-. _ in li = 1. 2. Cht in li yu. - Cht in li yu l cht khi tan trong nc ch c mt phn s phn t phn li ra ion. VD: CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO- in li : 0 < <1 a). Cn bng in li. Qu trnh in li ca cht in li yu s t n trng thi cn bng gi l cn bng in li. VD: CH3COOH H+ + CH3COOb). nh hng ca s pha long n in li. Khi pha long dung dch, in li ca cc cht in li u tng. -5-
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC - GV gii thiu VD trong SGK. V.Cng c v dn d : S dng bi tp 2, 3 ( SGK ) cng c bi hc. Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 SGK v cc bi tp trong sch bi tp. Tun : 03 Chng 1 : S IN LI Ngy son : 26/08/2012 Tit : 5,6 Tn bi Ngy dy : 31/08/2012 AXIT-BAZ-MUI I.Mc tiu bi hc. 1, kin thc: Hc sinh bit: + Khi nim axit, baz, theo thuyt A-r-ni-ut v Bron-stt. + ngha ca hng s phn li axit, hng s phn li baz. + Mui l g v s in li ca mui. 2 K nng: - Vn dng l thuyt axit-baz ca A-r-ni-ut v Bron-stt phn bit c axit, baz, lng tnh v trung tnh. - Da vo hng s phn li axit, baz tnh nng ion H+ v OH- trong dung dch. II. Chun b. GV: - Dng c: ng nghim. - Ho cht: Dung dch NaOH, mui ZnCl2 hoc ZnSO4; cc dung dch: HCl, NH3; qu tm. III. Phng php ch yu: Dng phng php gi m , nu vn , s dng th nghim, cho hc sinh thc hin cc th nghim gy hng th hc tp. IV. T chc cc hot ng dy hc. Hot ng Hot ng 1: GV: Cho HS nhc li cc khi nim axit-baz. GV: Cc axit, baz l nhng cht in li. Hy vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht . Hot ng 2: GV: Yu cu hc sinh nhn xt v s ion H+ phn li ra t mi phn t axit mt nc, nhiu nc. GV thng bo: i vi cc axit mnh nhiu nc v baz mnh nhiu nc ch c nc th nht phn li hon ton. Ni dung I.Axit v baz teo thuyt A-r-ni-ut 1. nh ngha. a) Axit: l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation H+ VD: HCl H+ + Clb) Baz: l cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra anion OHVD: NaOH Na+ + OH2. Axit nhiu nc, baz nhiu nc a. Axit nhiu nc - Axit mt nc: HCl, CH3COOH, HNO3... - Axit nhiu nc: H2S, H2CO3, H3PO4... VD: Axit phtphoric l axit ba nc H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4H2PO4- H+ + HPO42HPO42- H+ + PO43b. Baz nhiu nc VD: Mg(OH)2 l baz hai nc Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH)+ + OHMg(OH)+ Mg2+ + OH3. Hiroxit lng tnh - Hiroxit lng tnh l hiroxit khi tan trong nc va c th phn li nh axit, va c th phn li nh baz VD: Zn(OH)2 Zn2+ + 2OHZn(OH)2 2H+ + ZnO22- . - Lu : Hiroxit lng tnh th hin lc axit v lc baz u yu. II. Khi nim v axit v baz theo thuyt bronstet 1.nh ngha Axit l nhng cht nhng proton ( H+) Baz l nhng cht nhn proton. -6-
Hot ng 3: GV lm th nghim. HS quan st v nhn xt. Zn(OH)2 + 2H+ Zn2+ + 2H2O Zn(OH)2 + 2OH- ZnO22- + 2H2O GV gii thiu mt s hiroxit lngtnh thng gp l: Al(OH)3, Cr(OH)3 , Pb(OH)2 , Sn(OH)2 . Hot ng 4: GV a tnh hung GV: Nhng mu giy ch th axit-baz vo dd NH3, da vo s i mu ca giy ch th, HS kt lun dd NH3 c tnh baz. * GV da vo cu to ca NH3 phn tch tnh baz ca NH3; sau gii thiu thuyt Bron-stt.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang * Hs phn tch VD: - CH3COOH nhng prton cho nc nn CH3COOH l axit. - NH3 nhn prton ca nc nn n l baz. - HCO3- v H2O l cht lng tnh - Axit, baz c th l phn t hoc ion * Yu cu HS nhn xt c u im ca thuyt Bron-stt. Hot ng 5: GV: Yu cu HS vit PT phn li v biu thc hng s phn li ca axit yu CH3COOH GV:- Gi tr Ka ph thuc vo bn cht axit v nhit - Gi tr Ka cng nh, lc axit ca n cng yu - Ka , Kb l hng s ph thuc vo nhit - Ka , Kb cng nh lc axit, baz cng yu.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC VD: CH3COOH + H2O H3O+ + CH3COONH3 + H2O NH4+ + OHHCO3- + H2O H3O+ + CO32-. HCO3- + H2O H2CO3 + OH- . 2. u im ca thuyt bron-stt - Thuyt a-r-ni-ut ch ng trong trng hp dung mi l nc - Thuyt axit-baz ca bron-stt tng qut hn. III. Hng s phn li axit v baz 1.Hng s phn li axit CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO[ H + ][CH 3 COO ] Ka = [CH 3 COOH ] Trong : [H+], [CH3COO-] v [CH3COOH] l nng mol/l lc cn bng. 2. Hng s phn li baz NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH+ [ NH 4 ][OH ] Kb = [ NH 3 ] Trong : [NH4+], [OH-] v [NH3] l nng mol/l lc cn bng. IV. Mui 1.nh ngha Mui l hp cht, khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation kim loi(hoc cation NH+) v anion gc axit. VD: (NH4)2SO4 2NH4+ + SO42NaHCO3 Na+ + HCO3-
Hot ng 6: GV:- Nghin cu SGK, hy cho bit mui l g? - K tn mt s mui thng gp ? - Cho bit tnh cht ch yu ca mui? * HS pht biu. GV gii thiu mt s mui thng gp: - Mui trung ho - Mui axit - Mui phc tp (phc cht, mui kp) 2. S in li ca mui trong nc GV thng bo: T/C ch yu ca mui l tnh tan v VD: tnh in li - Yu cu HS vit PT in li ca mt s K2SO4 2K+ + SO42mui trong SGK. NaCl . KCl Na+ + K+ + 2ClV.Cng c v dn d :Dng bi tp cng c. Cu 1. Cho: S2- + H2O HS- + OHNH4+ + H2O NH3 + H3O+ ; Chon ap an ung: 2+ A. S la axit, NH4 la baz B. S2- la baz, NH4+ la axit C. S2- la axit, NH4+ la axit D. S2- la baz, NH4+ la baz Cu 2. Cho 2 phan ng: CH3COO + H2O CH3COOH + OH- va NH4+ + H2O NH3 + H3O+ A.CH3COO- la axit, NH4+ la baz B. CH3COO- la baz, NH4+ la axit + C. CH3COO la axit, NH4 la axit D. CH3COO- la baz, NH4+ la baz Cu 3 Cho cac cht va ion c anh s th t nh sau: 1. HCO3 2. K2CO3 3. H2O 4. Mg(OH)2 2 5. HPO4 6. Al2O3 7. (NH4)2CO3 8. NH4Cl Theo Bronstet, cac cht va ion lng tinh la: A.1,3,5,6,7. B. 1,3,6 C. 1,3,6,7 D. 1,3,6,8 Cu 4 Cho 200ml dd KOH vao 200ml dd AlCl3 1M thu c 7,8g kt tua keo. CM cua dd KOH la : A. 1,5M B. 3,5M C. 1,5M va 3,5M D. 1,5M hoc 3,5M Bi tp v nh: bi 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 SGK
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Tun : 04 Tit : 7,8
Chng 1 : S IN LI Tn bi S IN LI CA NC. pH, CHT CH TH AXIT BAZ
Ngy son : 09/09/2012 Ngy dy : 11/09/2012
I.Mc tiu bi hc 1, Kin thc:Hc sinh hiu: + S in li ca nc. + Tch s ion ca nc v ngha ca i lng ny. + Khi nim v pH v cht ch th axit-baz. 2 K nng: + Vn dng tch s ion ca nc xc nh nng ion H+ v OH- trong dung dch. + Bit nh gi axit, baz ca dung dch da vo nng H+, OH-, pH, pOH. + Bit s dng mt s cht ch th axit, baz xc nh tnh axit, kim ca dung dch. II. Chun b GV: + Dung dch axit long(HCl hoc H2SO4) + Dung dch baz long(NaOH hoc Ca(OH)2) + Phenolphtalein, giy o pH III. Phng php ch yu: - Dng phng php nu vn - S dng th nghim IV. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I.Nc l cht in li rt yu GV gii thiu: Bng thc nghim ngi ta xc 1. S in li ca nc nhn rng nc l cht in rt yu. Nc l cht in li rt yu: H2O H+ + OHHot ng 2: 2. Tch s ion ca nc GV: Yu cu hc sinh vit biu thc hng s cn bng [ H + ][OH ] K= ca nc ? [ H 2 O] GV: Trnh by HS hiu c do in li rt yu nn nng ca nc trong biu thc hng s cn KH 2 O = K[H2O] = [H+][OH-] bng c coi l khng i KH 2 O = 10-14 GV: Nc l mi trng trung tnh, nn mi trng [H+] = [OH-] = 10 14 = 10-7 mol/l trung tnh l mi trngc: [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 mol/l Hot ng 3: 3. ngha tch s ion ca nc GV: Tch s ion ca nc l mt hng s i vi c dung dch long ca cc cht. V vy nu bit nng a. Mi trng axit L mi trng trong [H+] > [OH-] hay [H+] > 10-7 M H+ trong dung dch s bit c nng OH- trong dung dch v ngc li. GV: axit, kim ca dung dch c nh gi b. Mi trng kim bng nng H+ 250C L mi trng trong [H+] < [OH-] hay [H+] < 10-7 M Mi trng axit: [H+] > 10-7M Mi trng trung tnh: [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 mol/l Mi trng kim: [H+] < 10-7 M II. Khi nim v pH. Cht ch th axit-baz Hot ng 4: GV: Yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit pH l g, 1.Khi nim v pH Mi trng axit: pH < 7 dung dch axit, kim, trung tnh c pH bng bao nhiu Mi trng trung tnh: pH = 7 * HS pht biu.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV: Cht li kin ca HS B sung: thang pH thng dng c gi tr t 0 n 14
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Mi trng kim; pH > 7 2. Cht ch th axit-baz - Cht ch th axit-baz l cht c mu bin i ph thuc vo gi tr pH ca dung dch
GV: xc nh mi trng ca dung dch ngi ta thng dng cht ch th nh qu, phenolphtalein... GV b sung: - Cht ch th l cht c mu bin i ph thuc vo gi tr ca pH - xc nh tng i chnh xc gi tr pH ca dung - Cht ch th axit-baz ch cho php xc nh c dch ngi ta dng my o pH gi tr pH mt cch gn ng V.Cng c v dn d :La chn bi tp SGK cng c bi Cu 1 : Dung dch CH3COOH 0,01M c pH = 3. in ly 2 ca CH3COOH trong dd l A. 0,5% B. 10% C. 2% D. 2,5% Cu 2 : Cho 0,5885g NH4Cl vao 100 ml dd NaOH co pH = 12 . un si dd sau o lam ngui, dd thu c co gia tr pH nao sau y? A. pH < 7 B. pH > 7 C. pH = 7 D. Khng xc nh . Cu 3 : Nu pH cua dd A la 11,5 va pH cua dd B la 4,0 th iu khng nh nao sau y ung? A. Dung dch A co [H+] ln hn dd B . B. Dung dch B co tinh baz manh hn A . C. Dung dch A co tinh baz manh hn B . D. Dung dch A co tinh axit manh hn B . Cu 4 : Trn V1 lit dd axit manh co pH = 5 vi V2 lit dd baz manh co pH = 9 thu c dung dch co pH = 6. Ti s V1/V2 la A. 1 :1 B. 9 :11 C. 2 :1 D. 11:9 Cu 5 : Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03M c 2V ml dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH l A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. Cu 6 : Trn 3 dung dch H2SO4 0,1M; HNO3 0,2M; HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tch bng nhau thu c dung dch A. Ly 300 ml dung dch A cho phn ng vi V lt dung dch B gm NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,29M thu c dung dch C c pH = 2. Gi tr V l: A. 0,424 lt B. 0,414 lt C. 0,214 lt D. 0,134 lt Bi tp v nh: 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 05 Tit : 9 Chng 1 : S IN LI Tn bi LUYN TP AXIT BAZ- MUI
I.Mc tiu bi hc 1. Cng c kin thc: + Cng c khi nim axit, baz theo thuyt A-r-ni-ut v theo thuyt Bron-stet + Cng c cc khi nim v cht lng tnh, mui. + ngha ca hng s phn li axit, hng s phn li baz, tch s ion ca nc 2. Rn luyn k nng: + Rn luyn k nng tnh pH ca dung dch axit, baz. + Vn dng thuyt axit-baz ca A-r-ni-ut v Bron-stet xc nh tnh axit, baz, hay lng tnh. + Vn dng biu thc hng s phn li axit, hng s phn li baz, tch s ion ca nc tnh nng ion H+, pH. + S dng cht ch th axit-baz xc nh mi trng ca dung dch cc cht. II. Chun b: + GV chun b h thng cu hi cng c l thuyt. + HS chun b cc bi tp trang 23 SGK III. Phng php ch yu: + Phng php m thoi cng c l thuyt + Dng bi tp rn luyn k nng IV. T chc cc hot ng dy hc Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I.Cng c l thuyt GV t chc cho HS tho lun khc succ kin 1)- Axit khi tan trong nc phn li ra cation H+ (theo thc cn nh di y: thuyt A-r-ni-ut) hoc axit l cht nhng prton H+ - Quan nim v axit theo A-r-ni-ut v Bron-stet? (theo thuyt Bron-stet) Cho v d. - Baz khi tan trong nc phn li ra anion OH* HS pht biu. (theo thuyt A-r-ni-ut) hoc baz l cht nhn prtn - Quan nim v baz theo A-r-ni-ut v Bron-stet? H+ (theo thuyt Bron-stet) Cho v d. 2) - Cht lng tnh va c th th hin tnh axit, va * HS pht biu. c th th hin tnh baz. 3) - Hu ht cc mui khi tan trong nc phn li - Cht lng tnh l g? cho v d. hon ton ra cation kim loi ( hoc cation NH4+) v - Mui l g? cho v d. anion gc axit. * HS pht biu. 4) - Hng s phn li axit Ka v hng s phn li baz - Vit biu thc hng s phn li axit v biu thc Kb l cc i lng c trng cho lc axit v lc baz hng s phn li baz? ca axit yu v baz yu trong nc. - Tch s ion ca nc l g? ngha tch s ion ca 5) - Tch s ion ca nc l K 2 = [H+][OH-]=10-14. H O nc. Mt cch gn ng c th coi gi tr ca tch s ny l * HS pht biu. hng s c trong dung dch long ca cc cht khc - Mi trng ca dung dch c nh gi da vo nng H+ v pH nh th no? - Cht ch th no thng c dng xc nh mi trng ca dung dch. Mu ca chng thay i th no? Hot dng 2: GV la chn cc bi tp ph hp rn luyn k nng vn dng l thuyt hc. nhau. 6) - Gi tr H+ v pH c trng cho cc mi trng: Mi trng trung tnh: pH = 7 Mi trng axit : pH < 7 Mi trng kim : pH > 7 7) - Mu ca qu, phenolphtalein v cht ch th vn nng trong dung dch cc gi tri pH khc nhau II. Bi tp 1. HClO H+ + OCl-
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+
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC [ H ][OCl ] [ HClO] OCl + H2O HClO + OH[OH ][ HClO] Kb = [OCl ] 2. Phng trnh in li MgSO4 Mg2+ + SO42HClO3 H+ + ClO3H2S H+ + HSHS- H+ + S2Ka =
V.Cng c v dn d : Cu 1: Cho t t dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch c cha 26,7g AlCl3 cho n khi thu c 11,7g kt ta th dng li. Th tch dung dch NaOH dng l... lt A. 0,45 B. 0,6 C. 0,65 D. 0,45 hoc 0,65 Cu 2. Thm 150 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo 120 ml dung dch H3PO4 1M. Khi lng cc mui thu c trong dung dch l: A. 10,44 gam KH2PO4; 8,5 gam K3PO4 B. 10,44 gam K2HPO4; 12,72 gam K3PO4 C. 10,24 gam K2HPO4; 13,5 gam KH2PO4 D. 13,5 gam KH2PO4; 14,2 gam K3PO4 Cu 3. A l dung dch NaOH c pH = 12; B l dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 2. phn ng vi V1 lt dung dch A cn V2 lt dung dch B. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l: A.V1 = V2 B. V1 = 2V2 C. V2 = 2V1 Bi tp v nh: Bi 2, 3, 5, 9, 10 SGK v cc bi trong sch bi tp. D. Tt c u sai
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 05,06 Tit : 10,11 Chng 1 : S IN LI Tn bi PHN NG TRAO I ION TRONG DUNG DCH CC CHT IN LI
I.Mc tiu bi hc Hc sinh hiu: + Bn cht v iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cht in li + Phn ng thu phn mui K nng: + Vit PT ion rt gn ca phn ng + Da vo iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cht in li bit c phn ng xa ra hay khng xy ra. II. Chun b: GV: Chun b cho mi nhm hc sinh 4 ng nghim, gi ng nghim. Ho cht: Cc dd NaCl, Na2CO3, NaOH, HCl, phnolphtalin, CH3COONa III. Phng php ch yu: + S dng th nghim . + Ti hin kin thc c t b sung v xy dng nm c kin thc mi. IV. T chc cc hot ng dy hc Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I.iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung GV: Khi trn dung dch Na2SO4 vi dung dch dch cc cht in li. BaCl2 s c hin tng g xy ra? 1. Phn ng to thnh cht kt ta. VD: HS pht biu, sau vit PTHH dng phn t Na2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2NaCl v ion rt gn. 2Na+ + SO42- + Ba2+ + 2Cl- BaSO4 + 2Na+ + 2Cl GV cng c, sa li cho HS (nu c) PT ion rt gn: Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 2. Phn ng to thnh cht in li yu. Hot ng 2: a. Phn ng to thnh nc. GV: Lm th nghim SGK VD: Yu cu HS vit PT dng phn t v dng ion rt gn ca phn ng gia hai dung dch NaOH v NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O HCl Na+ + OH- + H+ + Cl- Na+ + Cl- + H2O PT ion rt gn: H+ + OH- H2O GV: Lm th nghim nh dd HCl vo dd b. Phn ng to thnh axit yu. CH3COONa thy c mi gim chua. VD: Hy gii thch hin tng v vit PT ho hc HCl + CH3COONa CH3COOH + NaCl di dng PT v ion rt gn. H+ + Cl- + CH3COO- + Na+ CH3COOH + Na+ + ClPT ion rt gn: CH3COO- + H+ CH3COOH Hot ng 3: 3. Phn ng to thnh cht kh. GV: Lm th nghim SGK VD: 2HCl + Na2CO3 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O Vit PT ho hc di dng PT v ion rt gn. + + 2+ GV yu cu HS rt ra c: Thc cht ca phn 2H + 2Cl + 2Na + CO3 2Na + 2Cl + CO2 + H2O PT ion rt gn: ng l s kt hp gia ion H+ v CO32-. 2H+ + CO32- CO2 + H2O Kt lun chung: Phn ng trao i trong dung dch cht in li thc cht l phn ng gia cc ion to thnh cht kt ta, cht in li yu hoc cht kh. II. Phn ng thu phn mui Hot ng 4: 1.Khi nim s thu phn ca mui. GV: Lm 4 th nghim. Phn ng trao i ion gia mui ho tan v nc l phn GV: Khi ho tan mt s mui vo nc, xy ra
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang phn ng trao i ion gia mui ho tan v nc lm cho pH bin i. Phn ng nh vy c gi l phn ng thu phn mui. Hot ng 5: GV: Dn dt HS gii thch SGK.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC ng thu phn mui
2. Phn ng thu phn ca mui. * VD1: - Phn ng lm tng nng OH- trong dd nn mi CH3COONa CH3COO- + Na+ trng c pH > 7 CH3COO- + HOH CH3COOH + OHMi trng c pH > 7 - Dung dch cc mui ca baz mnh v axit yu * VD 2: u c pH > 7 Fe(NO3)3 Fe3+ + 3NO3Fe3+ + HOH Fe(OH)2+ + H+ - Dung dch cc mui ca axit mnh v baz yu Mi trng c pH < 7 u c pH < 7 * VD 3: Khi ho tan (CH3COO)2Pb trong nc, c 2 ion - Mui to ra bi axit mnh v baz mnh c mi Pb2+ v CH3COO- u b thu phn. Mi trng l axit trng pH = 7 hay kim ph thuc vo thu phn ca hai ion. * VD 4: Nhng mui axit nh NaHCO3, KH2PO4, - Kt lun: SGK K2HPO4... khi ho tan trong nc mi trng ca dd tu thuc vo bn cht ca anion. V.Cng c v dn d :S dng bi tp cng c bi. Cu 1 : Dung dch X cha hn hp NaOH a mol/lit v Ba(OH)2 b mol/lit. trung ho 50 ml dung dch X cn 60 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M. Mt khc cho mt lng d dung dch Na2CO3 vo 100 ml dung dch X thy to thnh 0,394 gam kt ta. a, b ln lt l: A. 0,1M v 0,01M B. 0,1M v 0,08M C. 0,08M v 0,01 M D. 0,08M v 0,02M 2+ 2+ 2+ Cu 2 :Dung dch A gm 5 ion: Mg , Ba , Ca , 0,1 mol Cl v 0,2 mol NO3 . Thm t t dung dch K2CO3 1M vo dung dch A n khi lng kt ta ln nht th th tch dung dch K2CO3 cho vo l: A. 150 ml B. 300 ml C. 200 ml D. 250 ml + 2+ Mt dung dch cha x mol Na , y mol Ca , z mol HCO3-, t mol Cl-. H thc lin h gia x, y, z, t c xc nh l: A. x+ 2z = y + 2t B. x+ 2y = z + 2t C. z+ 2x = y+ t D. x + 2y = z + t Bi tp v nh: Bi 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 SGK trang 29.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Tun : 06 Chng 1 : S IN LI Ngy son : 23/09/2012 Tit : 12 Tn bi Ngy dy : 29/09/2012 LUYN TP PHN NG TRAO I ION TRONG DUNG DCH CC CHT IN LI I.Mc tiu bi hc 1. Cng c kin thc: Cng c kin thc v phn ng trao i ion xy ra trong dung dch cc cht in li 2. Rn luyn k nng: Rn luyn k nng vit phng trnh ho hc di dng ion y v rt gn. II. Chun b - GV chun b h thng cu hi v cc bi tp lin quan - HS n tp v chun b cc bi tp trong SGK trang 30, 31. III. Phng php ch yu: - m thoi cng c kin thc - Dng bi tp nhm cng c kin thc c bn v rn luyn k nng vn dng kin thc hc IV. T chc cc hot ng dy hc Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1:GV yu cu HS tr li nhng cu hi sau I.n tp v l thuyt y: 1).- Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht - iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung in li ch xy ra khi c t nht mt trong cc iu dch cht in li l g? cho v d tng ng ? kin sau: a. To thnh cht kt ta. b. To thnh cht in li yu. - Phn ng thu phn mui l g? Nhng trng hp c. To thnh cht kh. no xy ra phn ng thu phn? 2).- Phn ng thu phn ca mui l phn ng trao i ion gia mui ho tan v nc. Ch nhng mui cha gc axit yu hoc cation ca baz yu mi b - Phng trnh ion rt gn c ngha g? Nu cch vit thu phn. phng trnh ion rt gn. 3).- Phng trnh ion rt gn cho bit bn cht ca phn ng trong dung dch cc cht in li. Trong phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng, ngi ta lc b nhng ion khng tham gia phn ng, cn nhng cht kt ta, in li yu, cht kh c gi nguyn di dng phn t. Hot ng 2: II. Bi tp GV chn bi tp thch hp trong SGK cng c kin Bi 1: thc cn nm vng. a.Khng xy ra GV hng dn hc sinh lm , ng thi kim tra s b. Pb2+ + H2S PbS + 2H+ lm vic ca HS. c. Pb(OH)2 + 2OH- PbO22- + 2H2O d. SO32- + H2O HSO3- + OHe. Cu2+ + H2O Cu(OH)+ + H+ g. HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O h. SO32- + 2H+ H2O + SO2 i. HCO3- + H+ H2O + CO2 GV gi hc sinh ln bng lm bi tp v cho cc hc Bi 2: p n B sinh khc nhn xt. Bi 3: cc phn ng ho hc xy ra: SO32-- + H2O2 SO42- + H2O SO42- + Ba2+ BaSO4 Bi 9: a.Cr2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 2Cr(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4 Cr3+ + 3OH- Cr(OH)3
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Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC b. AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 c. Ni(NO3)2 + 2KOH Ni(OH)2 + 2KNO3 Ni2+ + 2OH- Ni(OH)2
V.Cng c v dn d : 1. Cho 3,78g bt Al phn ng va vi dd mui XCl3 to thnh dd Y. Khi lng cht tan trong dd Y gim 4,06g so vi dd XCl3. Xc nh cng thc ca mui XCl3 l A. BCl3 B.CrCl3 C.FeCl3 D. AlCl3 2. Trn 250 ml dung dch cha hn hp HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01 M vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH aM thu c 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr a l A. 0,13M. B. 0,12M. C. 0,14M. D. 0.10M. 3. Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH 0,12M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 3,940. B. 1,182. C. 2,364. D. 1,970. Bi tp v nh: Bi 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 trong SGK trang 31 v cc bi trong sch bi tp.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 07 Tit : 13
Chng 1 : S IN LI Ngy son : 30/09/2012 Tn bi Ngy dy : 02/10/2012 THC HNH TNH AXIT-BAZ. PHN NG TRAO I ION TRONG DUNG DCH CC CHT IN LI I.Mc tiu bi thc hnh: 1. Kin thc: Cng c cc kin thc v axit - baz v iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li. 2. K nng:Rn luyn k nng tin hnh th nghim vi lng nh ho cht. II. Chun b dng c TN v ho cht cho mt nhm thc hnh (5-7 HS) 1. Dng c th nghim - a thu tinh: 6 - ng ht nh git: 8 - B gi th nghim: 4 - ng nghim: 12 - Tha xc ho cht: 4 2. Ho cht: - Dung dch HCl 0,1M - Dung dch Na2CO3 c - Giy ch th vn nng - Dung dch CaCl2 c - Dung dch NH4Cl 0,1M - Dung dch phenolphtalein - Dung dch CH3COONa 0,1M - Dung dch CuSO4 1M - Dung dch NaOH 0,1M - Dung dch NaOH c III. Phng php ch yu: Chia hc sinh trong lp thnh cc nhm thc hnh, mi nhm khong 5-7 hc sinh tin hnh lm th nghim. IV. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: Th nghim 1 I) Ni dung th nghim v cch tin hnh GV hng dn hc sinh lm th nghim nh SGK. Th nghim 1: Tnh axit - baz a) Nh dung dch HCl 0,1M ln mu giy ch th pH, so GV gi hc sinh gii thch hin tng. snh vi mu chun c gi tr pH 1, mi trng axit mnh. b) Nh dung dch NH4Cl tng t nh trn xc nh c gi tr pH 5, mi trng axit yu. Hot ng 2: Th nghim 2 Th nghim 2: Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li. GV hng dn hc sinh lm th nghim nh SGK. a) Nh dung dch Na2CO3 c vo dung dch CaCl2 c, xut hin kt ta trng CaCO3. Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 GV hng dn hc sinh vit phng trnh phn b) Ho tan kt ta CaCO3 va mi thu c bng dung ng di dng phn t v ion rt gn. dch HCl long, xut hin bt kh CO2 trong dung dch. CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O CaCO3 + 2H+ Ca2+ + CO2 + H2O c) Nh vi git dung dch phnolphtalin vo dung dch NaOH long, dung dch c mu hng. Nh t t dung dch HCl long vo, va nh va lc, dung dch s mt mu. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O H+ + OH- H2O GV gi hc sinh gii thch cc hin tng xy d) Nh dung dch NaOH vo dung dch ZnSO4, xut hin ra. kt ta mu trng Zn(OH)2. Ly mt t kt ta thm t t dung dch NaOH cho n d, lc nh, Zn(OH)2 tan to thnh dung dch khng mu.
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Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC 2NaOH + ZnSO4 Zn(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O Zn(OH)2 + 2OH- ZnO22- + 2H2O V.Cng c v dn d : Hng dn hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim. Hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu: 1.Tn hc sinh............................Lp....... 2. Tn bi thc hnh: Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li. 3. Ni dung tng trnh: Trnh by cch tin hnh th nghim, m t hin tng quan st c, gii thch, vit phng trnh ho hc cc th nghim
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 07 Tit : 14 Chng 1 : S IN LI Tn bi KIM TRA 1 TIT CHNG I
I. MC TIU BI KIM TRA: - nh gi kh nng tip thu v lm bi ca HS mt cch khch quan. - Gip phn loi HS . II. CHUN B: GV: kim tra,km theo p n chi tit. HS : n tp k kin thc ca c chng , cng vi kin thc c lin quan III, NI DUNG : (Ni dung km theo)
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 08 Tit : 15 Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi KHI QUT V NHM NI T
I.Mc tiu : 1. Kin thc: HS bit - Tn cc nguyn t thuc nhm nit. - c im cu to nguyn t v v tr ca cc nguyn t nhm nit trong BTH. - S bin i tnh cht ca cc n cht v mt s hp cht trong nhm. 2. K nng: - Vn dng c nhng kin thc v cu to nguyn t hiu c nhng tnh cht ho hc chung ca cc nguyn t nhm nit. - Vn dng quy lut chung v bin i tnh cht ca cc n cht v hp cht trong mt nhm A gii thch s bin i tnh cht ca cc n cht v hp cht ca cc nguyn t nhm nit. II. Chun b: - GV: Bng tun hon. - HS: Xem li phn kin thc chng1 v chng 2 ( SGK ho hc lp 10 ). III. Phng php ch yu: - S dng phng php nu vn , khai thc ti a nhng hiu bit ca hc sinh xy dng bi hc. - T chc cho cc em tho lun trong nhm v trnh by kin trc c lp. IV. Tin trnh tit dy : Hot ng Hot ng 1: GV yu cu HS tm nhm nit trong bng tun hon, gi tn cc nguyn t trong nhm, cho bit v tr ca nhm trong BTH. Hot ng 2: GV: T v tr ca nhm nit trong BTH, yu cu hc sinh nhn xt: S e lp ngoi cng, phn b cc e vo obitan, s e c thn... Ni dung I.V tr ca nhm nit trong bng tun hon. Nhm nit gm cc nguyn t: Nit (N), Phtpho (P), asen (As), antimon (Sb) v bitmut (Bi). Chng u thuc cc nguyn t p. II. Tnh cht chung ca cc nguyn t nhm nit. 1.Cu hnh electron nguyn t. - V thuc nhm VA nn nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm nit u c 5 electron lp ngoi cng: ns2np3
Hot ng 3: GV gi gip HS nh li: Tnh oxi ho, tnh kh, m in.
GV: Yu cu HS nhc li khi nim tnh kim loiphi kim, quy lut bin i trong nhm A. Hot ng 4: GV: Ho tr ca cc nguyn t nhm nit i vi hiro bng bao nhiu? Vit cng thc chung. GV: S bin i bn nhit, tnh kh... Hot ng 5:
- 5 electron ny c phn b vo phn lp s ( 2 electron ) v phn lp p ( 3 electron ) - cc nguyn t P, As, Sb, Bi cn c phn lp d trng. Khi b kch thch, electron ghp i obitan ns s tch ra v chuyn sang obitan nd v vy chng c 5 electron c thn. 2. S bin i tnh cht ca cc n cht a. Tnh oxi ho - kh Cc nguyn t nhm nit c s oxi ho cao nht l +5. Ngoi ra cn c cc s oxi ho +3 v -3, ring nit c thm cc s oxi ho +1, +2, +4. b. Tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim i t nit n bitmut, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t gim dn, ng thi tnh kim loi tng dn. 3. S bin i tnh cht ca cc hp cht. a. Hp cht vi hiro Cc nguyn t nhm nit u to c hp cht vi hiro, c cng thc chung l RH3. - 19 -
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV: Cc nguyn t nhm nit to thnh hp cht vi oxi c s oxi ho cao nht bng bao nhiu? Cho bit quy lut v s bin i: bn cc s oxi ho, s bin i tnh axit, tnh baz ca cc oxit v hiroxit.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC b. Oxit v hiroxit. T nit n bitmut, tnh axit ca cc oxit v hiroxit tng ng gim dn ng thi tnh baz ca chng tng dn.
V. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c bi : Cu 1. Chn cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t nhm VA: A.ns2np5 B. ns2np3 C. ns2np2 D. ns2np4 Cu 2. Dy cht no sau y trong nit c s oxi ha tng dn: A. NH3, N2, NO, N2O, AlN B. NH4Cl, N2O5, HNO3, Ca3N2, NO C.NH4Cl, NO, NO2, N2O3, HNO3 D. NH4Cl, N2O, N2O3, NO2, HNO3 Cu 3. Nguyn t nit c s oxi ha l bao nhiu trong cc hp cht sau: NO, NO2, NH3, NH4Cl, N2O , N2O3 , N2O5 , Mg3N2.? 2. Dn d : Bi 3, 4, 5 trang 36 SGK.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 08 Tit : 16 Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi : NI T
I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: Phng php iu ch nit trong cng nghip v trong phng th nghim. HS hiu: + tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca nit. + ng dng ca nit 2. K nng: Vn dng c im cu to phn t ca nit gii thch tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca nit. Rn luyn k nng suy lun logic. II. Chun b: GV:- chun b cc ho cht: NH4NO2, NH4Cl, NaNO2 - n cn. III. Phng php ch yu: + Nu vn v gii quyt vn . + Dng tranh v, m hnh. IV. Tin trnh tit dy . 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : Nu tnh cht chung ca cc nguyn t nhm Nito. 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I.Cu to phn t nit. GV nu cu hi: Nguyn t nit c cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p3 - Hy m t lin kt trong phn t nit ? - Hai nguyn t nit lin kt vi nhau nh th no ? HS tr li: Hai nguyn t nit lin kt vi nhau bng ba CTPT: N2 lin kt cng ho tr khng c cc. CTCT: NN Hot ng 2: GV: Mu sc, mi v ca kh nit? C duy tr s sng khng? C c khng? Hot ng 3: GV: Hy gii thch v sao nhit thng, nit kh tr v mt ho hc? GV: S oxi ho ca nit bng bao nhiu? HS tr li: c th c cc s oxi ho sau: -3, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4,+5. Hot ng 4: GV: Cho bit vai tr ca nit trong cc phn ng sau? II. Tnh cht vt l: - Kh nit t tan trong nc - Ho lng, ho rn nhit rt thp - Khng duy tr s chy III. Tnh cht ho hc: - nhit thng, nit kh tr v mt ho hc, do c lin kt ba bn vng. Cn nhit cao, c bit khi c xc tc nit tr nn hot ng hn. - Tu thuc vo s thay i s oxi ho, nit c th th hin tnh kh hay tnh oxi ho. 1. Tnh oxi ho: a. Tc dng vi hiro: N20 + 3H2 2NH3 H = -92 KJ b. Tc dng vi kim loi: - nhit thng: 6Li + N2 2Li3N - nhit cao: 3Mg + N2 Mg3N2 2. Tnh kh: Tc dng vi oxi: N2 + O2 2NO H = +180 KJ Lu : NO b oxi ho thnh NO2 ngay iu kin thng, khng cn xc tc 2NO + O2 2NO2 - 21 -
GV: Trong cc phn ng trn nit th hin s oxi ho. GV: Yu cu HS xc nh s oxi ho ca cc cht trong cc phn ng. GV hng dn HS rt ra kt lun: - Nit th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi nguyn t c
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang m in ln hn. - Nit th hin tnh oxi ho khi tc dng vi nguyn t c m in nh hn. Hot ng 5: GV: - Trong t nhin nit c u v dng tn ti ca n l g - Ngi ta iu ch nit bng cch no ? Hot ng 6: GV: Nit c ng dng g?
IV. Trng thi thin nhin v iu ch: 1.Trng thi thin nhin. - Nit dng t do chim khong 4/5 th tch khng kh. - Nit dng hp cht c trong thnh phn ca dim tiu, axit nucleic, protin ca ng vt v thc vt v trong nhiu hp cht hu c khc. 2. iu ch:Trong cng nghip ( SGK ) V. ng dng: ( SGK )
V. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : S dng bi tp SGK cng c nhng kin thc trng tm. Cu 1. Nit phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm no sau y to ra hp cht kh. A. Li, Mg, Al C. Li, H2, Al B. H2 ,O2 D. O2 ,Ca,Mg Cu 2. Trong phng th nghim, Nit tinh khit c iu ch t . A. Khng kh B.NH3 ,O2 C.NH4NO2 D.Zn v HNO3 Cu 3. N2 th hin tnh kh trong phn ng vi : A. H2 B. O2 C. Li D. Mg Cu 4. Mt oxit Nit c CT NOx trong N chim 30,43% v khi lng. Cng thc ca oxit Nit l A. NO B. NO2 C. N2O2 D. N2O5 Cu 5. Th tch kh N2 (kc) thu c khi nhit phn 10g NH4NO2 l A. 11,2 l B. 5,6 l C. 3,56 l D. 2,8 l Cu 6. Mt nguyn t R c hp cht vi Hidr l RH3 oxit cao nht ca R cha 43,66 % khi lng R .Nguyn t R l : A. Nit B. Photpho C. Vanadi D. Mt kt qu khc 2. Dn d : Bi 4, 5, 6 trang 40 SGK.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 22 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 09 Tit : 17, 18 Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi : AMONIAC- MUI AMONI
I.Mc tiu : 1. Kin thc: HS bit. + Tnh cht l, ho hc ca amoniac v mui amoni. + Vai tr quan trng ca amoniac v mui amoni trong i sng v trong k thut. + Phng php iu ch amoniac trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip. 2. K nng: + Da vo cu to phn t gii thch tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca amoniac v mui amoni. + Vn dng nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng gii thch cc iu kin k thut trong sn xut amoniac. + Rn luyn kh nng lp lun logic, kh nng vit phng trnh trao i ion. II. Chun b: GV:- Dng c v ho cht pht hin tnh tan ca NH3. - Tranh(hnh 2.6): S tng hp amonic trong cng nghip. - Cc dd: CuSO4, NaCl, AgNO3, NH3, NH4Cl, NaOH. - ng nghim, kp ng nghim,gi ng nghim. HS: Su tm ti liu ng dng ca amoniac. III. Phng php ch yu: Dng th nghim, m thoi, ti hin kin thc c, nghin cu rt ra kt lun. IV. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c :Nu tnh cht ha hc ca Nito 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: A. Amoniac. GV: Hng dn HS vit cng thc electron v CTCT I. Cu to phn t: ca amoniac. Cng thc electron: H:N:H GV HDn HS nhn xt: Trong phn t amoniac, nguyn H t nit lin kt vi ba nguyn t hiro bng ba lin kt Cng thc cu to: H-N(H)-H cng ho tr c cc. Amoniac l phn t phn cc. Hot ng 2: II. Tnh cht vt l: GV: Lm th nghim trong SGK. - Amoniac l cht kh khng mu, mi khai, xc, nh GV: Cho HS nhn xt v rt ra kt lun. hn khng kh ( d/kk = 0,59 ). - Kh amoniac tan rt nhiu trong nc, to thnh dung dch c tnh kim yu. Hot ng 3: III. Tnh cht ho hc: GV hi: Dung dch amoniac c biu hin tnh cht ca 1.Tnh baz yu: mt kim yu nh th no? a. Tc dng vi nc: Khi tan trong nc, mt phn nh cc phn t amonic tc dng vi nc. NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH 250C th: Kb = 1,8.10-5. amoniac l mt baz yu, lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh. b. Tc dng vi axit: VD: 2NH3 + H2SO4 ( NH4 )2SO4 GV: Lm th nghim nh SGK m t HS quan st s NH3 + H+ NH4+ to thnh amoniclorua. NH3 (k) + HCl (k) NH4Cl (r) c. Tc dng vi dung dch mui. GV: Dung dch amonic tc dng vi dung dch mui ca VD: nhiu kim loi, to kt ta hiroxit ca chng. Al3+ + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4+ Hot ng 4: Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng - 23 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV: Dung dch amoniac c kh nng ho tan hiroxit hay mui t tan ca mt s kim loi, to thnh cc dd phc cht. GV: Cc ion phc [Cu(NH3)4]2+, [Ag(NH3)2]+ c to thnh nh lin kt cho - nhn gia cp electron t do nit trong phn t NH3 vi cc obitan trng ca ion kim loi. Hot ng 5: GV: Yu cu HS d on tnh cht ho hc ca amoniac da vo kh nng thay i s oxi ho ca nit trong amoniac. GV: Yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit tnh kh ca NH3 biu th nh th no. Vit cc PTHH. Hot ng 6: GV: Yu cu HS trnh by ti liu su tm v ng dng ca NH3. Hot ng 7: HS nghin cu SGK v tm trong thc t cho bit: Trong PNT v trong CN amoniac c /c ntn ?
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC 2. Kh nng to phc: TN 1: CuSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 ( xanh thm ) TN 2: AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3 AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]Cl 3. Tnh kh: a. Tc dng vi oxi: - Khi t trong kh oxi: 4NH3 + 3O2 2N2 + 6H2O - Khi t trong kh oxi c xc tc: 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O b. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi: Khi un nng, NH3 c th kh mt s oxit kim loi thnh kim loi. t0 VD: 2NH3 + 3CuO 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O IV. ng dng: SGK V. iu ch: 1. Trong phng th nghim: c iu ch bng cch cho mui amoni tc dng vi cht kim khi un nng nh. VD: t0 2NH4Cl+ Ca(OH)2 2NH3 + CaCl2 + 2H2O Mun iu ch nhanh mt lng nh kh amonic, ngi ta thng un nng dd amonic m c. 2. Trong cng nghip: Amoniac c tng hp t kh nit v kh hiro theo phn ng: N2(k) + 3H2(k) 2NH3 (k) H = -92KJ iu kin ti u sn xut amonac trong cng nhip l: p sut: 200 - 300 atm Nhit : 450 - 5000C Cht xc tc: Fe, Al2O3, K2O B. Mui amoni I. Tnh cht vt l: L tinh th khng mu, tan d dng trong nc. Dung dch c pH < 7 II. Tnh cht ho hc: 1.Tc dng vi dung dch kim: VD: t0 (NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH 2NH3 +Na2SO4 + 2H2O + NH4 + OH NH3 + H2O - 24 -
GV dng s thit b tng hp amoniac gii thch qu trnh vn chuyn ca nguyn liu v sn phm trong thit b tng hp NH3 ch chu trnh kn.
Hot ng 8: GV: Cho HS quan st tinh th mui amoniclorua. Dng qu tm th mi trng ca dd NH4Cl. Hot ng 9: GV lm th nghim. HS quan st hin tng, nhn xt v vit phng trnh ho hc dng phn t v ion rt gn. GV: phn ng trn, ion NH4+ nhng prtn cho ion OH- nn NH4+ l axit. Phn ng c dng iu ch NH3 trong phng th nghim v dng nhn bit mui amoni.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV: Lm th nghim, HS quan st hin tng v gii thch. GV: Yu cu HS ly thm mt s v d khc v s phn hu ca mui amoni. Kt lun: - Mui amoni d dng tham gia phn ng trao i ion. - Mui amoni d dng b nhit phn hu. Tu thuc vo axit to thnh mui c tnh oxi ho hay khng m sn phm phn hu c th l NH3 hay cc sn phm khc: N2, N2O ...
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC 2. Phn ng nhit phn: Khi un nng, cc mui amoni d b nhit phn hu, to ra cc sn phm khc nhau. Sn phm ca s phn hu c quyt nh ch yu ca bn cht axit to nn mui. VD: t0 NH4Cl (r) NH3 (k) + HCl (k) t0 (NH4)2CO3 NH3 + NH4HCO3 t0 NH4HCO3 NH3 + CO2 + H2O 0 t NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O t0 NH4NO3 N2O + H2O Phn ng trn c dng iu ch N2 v N2O trong phng th nghim.
V. Cng c v dn d : 1.Cng c bi : Cu 1 Cho lng d kh NH3 i t t qua ng s cha 3,2g CuO nung nng n mt thi gian th dng li, thu c cht rn A v hn hp kh .Cht A phn ng va vi 20 ml dd HCl 1 M. a) Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng? b) Tnh th tch kh nit (kc) c to thnh sau phn ng? Cu 2 Dn 1,344 l NH3 vo bnh cha 0,672 l kh Clo (cc kh o ktc). a) Tnh % V hn hp kh sau phn ng ? b) tnh khi lng mui amoni clorua thu c? Cu 3 Cho dung dch NH3 (d) vo 20ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3, lc ly kt ta v cho vo 10ml dung dch NaOH 2M th tan ht. a) Vit phng trnh ha hc xy ra di dng phn t v ion rt gn. b) Tnh nng mol/lt ca cc ion Al3+ , SO42 v ca Al2(SO4)3 trong dung dch. Cu 4 Cho dd Ba(OH)2 n d vo 50 ml dd A c cha cc ion NH4+, SO42- ,NO3-.C trong 11,65g mt kt ta c to ra v un nng th c 4,48 lt (kc) mt cht kh bay ra . a) Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra b) Tnh nng mol/lt ca mi mui trong dd A? Cu 5 Cho 1,12 lt NH3 ktc tc dng vi 16g CuO nung nng, sau phn ng cn mt cht rn X cn li. a) Tnh khi lng cht rn X cn li. b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M tc dng vi X.Cu 8. Cho 1,32g (NH4)2SO4 tc dng vi dd NaOH d, un nng thu c mt sn phm khi. Hp th hon ton lng kh trn vo dd cha 3,92g H3PO4. Mui thu c l: A. NH4H2PO4. B. (NH4)2HPO4 C. (NH4)3PO4 D.NH4H2PO4v(NH4)2HPO4 Cu 6. Thm 10ml dung dch NaOH 0.1M vo 10ml dung dch NH4Cl 0.1M vi git qu tm, sau un si. Dung dch s c mu g trc sau khi un si ? A. thnh tm B. Xanh thnh C. Xanh thnh tm D. Ch c mu xanhCu 12. Mt hn hp N2 v H2 c t khi i vi H2 l 4,9. Cho hn hp i qua cht xc tc nung nng, ngi ta c mt hn hp mi c t khi i vi H2 = 6,125. Tnh hiu sut N2 chuyn thnh NH3. Cu 7 Cho hn hp ng th tch N2 v H2 c cho qua bt st nung nng th c 60% H2 tham gia phn ng.Hy xc nh thnh phn % theo th tch cc kh trong hn hp to thnh. Cu 8 Cn ly bao nhiu lt N2 v H2 (kc) iu ch c 51g NH3. Bit hiu sut phn ng l 25%. 2. Dn d : Bi 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 SGK v cc bi trong sch bi tp.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 25 -
Tun : 10 Tit : 19, 20
Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi : AXITNITRIC-MUI NITRAT
Ngy son : 21/10/2012 Ngy dy : 23/10/2012
I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit. - Tnh cht vt l, hiu tnh cht ho hc ca Axit nitric v mui nitrat - Phng php iu ch axit nitric trong phng th nghim v trong cng nghip. 2. K nng: - Rn luyn k nng vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng oxi ho kh v phn ng trao i ion. - Rn luyn k nng quan st, nhn xt v suy lun logic. II. Chun b: GV: Axit HNO3 c v long; dung dch axit H2SO4 long; dd BaCl2; dd NaNO3; Cu(NO3)2; Cu; S; ng nghim, n cn... HS: n li phng php cn bng PT ca phn ng oxi ho - kh. III. Phng php: Phng php ch yu l dng thc nghim. Thng qua quan st hin tng th nghim GV gip HS pht hin kin thc mi. IV . Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : Nu phng php iu ch NH3 trong phng th nghim. 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: A. Axit nitric: GV: cho HS vit CTPT v CTCT, xc nh s oxi ho I. Cu to phn t: ca nit. O
N+ O
O H
Hot ng 2: GV: Cho HS quan st l ng dd HNO3 c, pht hin tnh cht vt l ca axit HNO3. Hot ng 3: GV yu cu HS ly th d v tnh axit ca axit nitric, vit phng trnh ho hc.
GV nu vn : - Ti sao axit nitric c tnh oxi ho? - Tnh oxi ho ca axit nitric c biu hin nh th no?
CTCT: Nguyn t nit c s oxi ho cao nht l +5, v c ho tr l 4. II. Tnh cht vt l: - Axit HNO3 l cht lng khng mu, bc khi trong khng kh m. - Axit HNO3 d b nhit hoc nh sng phn hu. - Axit HNO3 tan v hn trong nc. III. Tnh cht ho hc: 1.Tnh axit. - Lm qu tm ho . - Tc dng vi baz. - Tc dng vi oxit baz. - Tc dng vi mt s mui. VD: CuO + 2HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O Cu(OH)2 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O 2. Tnh oxi ho: a. Vi kim loi: Axit HNO3 oxi ho c hu ht cc kim loi, k c kim loi c tnh kh yu nh Cu, Ag... tr Au, Pt. Khi kim loi b oxi ho n mc oxi ho cao nht v to - 26 -
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV lm th nghim HS nhn xt mu sc kh thot ra v vit PT ho hc.
GV xc nhn: Nh vy sn phm oxi ho ca axit HNO3 rt phong ph c th l: NH4NO3, N2, N2O, NO, NO2.
GV lm th nghim, hc sinh nhn xt. GV kt lun: axit nitric khng nhng tc dng vi kim loi m cn phn ng c vi c mt s phi kim. GV lm th nghim, hc sinh nhn xt. GV kt lun: axit nitric c y tnh cht ca mt axit mnh, axit nitric l cht oxi ho mnh kh nng oxi ho ph thuc vo nng ca axit v hot ng ca cht phn ng vi axit v nhit . Hot ng 4: HS da vo SGK v tm trong thc t nhng ng dng ca axit nitric. Hot ng 5: - HS tm hiu SGK. - GV nhn xt kin ca hc sinh. - HS da vo SGK cho bit phng php sn xut axit HNO3 c my giai on. - GV nhn xt kin ca hc sinh. Hot ng 6: HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit c im ca mui nitrat. GV: ion NO3- khng c mu.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC ra mui nitrat. Khi tc dng vi kim loi c tnh kh yu HNO3 c b kh n NO2 cn HNO3 long b kh n NO. VD: Cu + 4HNO3(c) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O 3Cu + 8HNO3(long) 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O Khi tc dng vi kim loi c tnh kh mnh HNO3 long c th b kh n N2O, N2 hoc NH4NO3. VD: 8Al + 30HNO3(l) 8Al(NO3)3 + 3N2O + 15H2O Al, Fe b th ng ho trong dd HNO3 c ngui. b. Vi phi kim: Khi un nng, axut nitric c c th oxi ho c nhiu phi kim nh C, S, P... VD: S + 6HNO3 () H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O c. Vi hp cht: Khi un nng, axit nitric c th oxi ho c nhiu hp cht nh H2S, HI, SO2, FeO, mui st (II)... VD: 3H2S + 2HNO3(l) 3S + 2NO + 4H2O IV. ng dng: SGK V. iu ch: 1. Trong phng th nghim: NaNO3(r) + H2SO4() HNO3 + NaHSO4 2. Trong cng nghip: 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O 2NO + O2 2NO2 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 4HNO3 B. Mui nitrat I. Tnh cht ca mui nitrat 1. Tnh cht vt l - Tt c cc mui nitrat u tan. - l nhng cht in li mnh. - PT in li: NH4NO3 NH4+ + NO3KNO3 K+ + NO32. Tnh cht ho hc: Cc mui nitrat km bn nhit, chng b phn hu khi un nng VD: 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2 2Mg(NO3)2 2MgO + 4NO2 + O2 2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2 II. ng dng ca mui nitrat. - Ch yu c dng lm phn bn ho hc. - Dng iu ch thuc n en: 75% KNO3, 10% S v 15% C.
GV lm th nghim, hc sinh quan st hin tng v gii thch. GV nhn xt: Mui nitrat km bn nhit, sn phm phn hu tu thuc vo bn cht ca cation kim loi to mui. Khi un nng, mui nitrat l cht oxi ho mnh. Hot ng 7: GV cho HS nghin cu SGK v tm hiu trong thc t cho bits mui nitrat c nhng ng dng g?
V. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c bi.

Bi 1 (A-07): Ho tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng HNO 3, thu c V lt (ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha 2 mui v axit d). T khi ca X so vi H 2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 27 -
A. 3,36. B. 2,24. C. 5,60. D. 4,48. Bi 2: Ho tan hon ton 24,3g Al vo dung dch HNO3 long d thu c V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm NO v N2O c t khi hi so vi H2 l 20,25. Gi tr ca V l A. 6,72. B. 2,24. C. 8,96. D. 11,20. Bi 3: Ho tan 62,1g kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 2M (long) c 16,8lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm 2 kh khng mu, khng ho nu ngoi khng kh. T khi ca X so vi H2 l 17,2. Kim loi M l A. Fe. B. Cu. C. Zn. D. Al. Bi 4: Ho tan hon ton 5,94g kim loi R trong dung dch HNO 3 long thu c 2,688lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm NO v N2O c t khi so vi H2 l 18,5. Kim loi R l A. Fe. B. Cu. C. Mg. D. Al. Dng cho Bi 5, 6, 7: Hn hp X gm FeS2 v MS c s mol nh nhau (M l kim loi c ho tr khng i). Cho 6,51g X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 d, un nng thu c dung dch A v 13,216 lt hn hp kh B (ktc) c khi lng l 26,34 gam gm NO2 v NO. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c m gam kt ta. Bi 5: Kim loi M l A. Mg. B. Zn. C. Ni. D. Ca Bi 6: Gi tr ca m l A. 20,97. B. 13,98. C. 15,28. D. 28,52. Bi 7: Phn trm khi lng ca FeS2 trong X l A. 44,7%. B. 33,6%. C. 55,3%. D. 66,4%. Bi 8: Cho 6g hp kim Mg v Al vo dung dch HNO3 c, ngui, d thu c 4,48 lt kh NO2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hp kim l A. 40%. B. 60%. C. 80%. D. 20%. Bi 9: Ho tan hon ton 0,9 gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO 3 thu c 0,28 lt kh N2O (ktc). M l A.Fe. B. Al. C. Cu. D. Mg. Bi 10: Ho tan hon ton m gam Cu trong dung dch HNO 3 thu c 1,12 lt hn hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi hi i vi H2 l 16,6. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,32. B. 3,90. 2. Dn d : Bi 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 SGK trang 55.
C. 4,16.
D. 6,40.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 28 -
Tun : 11 Tit : 21
Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi : LUYN TP TNH CHT CA NITO-HP CHT CA NITO
Ngy son : 28/10/2012 Ngy dy : 30/10/2012
I.Mc tiu : - Cng c kin thc v tnh cht vt l, ho hc, iu ch v ng dng ca nit, amonic, axit nitric, mui nitrat. - Vn dng kin thc gii bi tp. II. Chun b: GV: La chn bi tp giao cho cc nhm hc sinh. HS: Xem li bi nit v hp cht ca nit. III. Phng php: - Phng php m thoi cng c l thuyt. - Chia thnh cc nhm nh gii bi tp. IV. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : Tin hnh kim tra trong tit luyn tp. 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I.Cng c l thuyt. GV: Yu cu HS vit cu hnh electron v nu tnh cht 1. n cht nit ho hc ca nit. - Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p3. Cc s oxi ho: -3, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5. - CTCT: NN - Th hin tnh kh: N2 + O2 2NO - Th hin tnh oxi ho: N2 + 3H2 2NH3 Hot ng 2: 2. Hp cht ca nit a. Amonic GV: Yu cu HS nu tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca NH3, + Tnh baz yu: vit cc PT phn ng. - Phn ng vi nc: NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- Phn ng vi axit: NH3 + HCl NH4Cl - Phn ng vi mui: Al3+ + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3 NH4+ + Kh nng to phc cht tan: Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 + Tnh kh: t0 2NH3 + 3CuO N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O GV: Yu cu HS nu tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca mui b. Mui amoni: amoni vit cc PT phn ng. - D tan trong nc, l cht in li mnh. - ion NH4+ l axit yu: NH4+ + H2O NH3 + H3O+ - Tc dng vi dd kim, d b nhit phn hu. GV: Yu cu HS nu tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca axit c. Axit nitric: nitric vit cc PT phn ng. - L axit mnh. - L cht oxi ho mnh. + HNO3 oxi ho c hu ht cc kim loi. Sn phm c th l: NO2, NO, N2O, N2, NH4NO3.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 29 -
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC + HNO3 c oxi ho c nhiu phi kim v cc hp GV: Yu cu HS nu tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca mui cht c tnh kh. nitrat vit cc PT phn ng. d. Mui nitrat - D tan trong nc. - D b nhit phn hu. - Nhn bit ion NO3- bng phn ng vi Cu kim loi Hot ng 3: v H2SO4 long. GV giao bi tp cho tng nhm hc sinh II. Bi tp: Nhm 1: gii bi tp 1 SGK Bi 1: t0 Nhm 2: gii bi tp 3 SGK 2NH3 + 3CuO N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O N2 + 3H2 2NH3 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O 2NO + O2 2NO2 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4HNO3 HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O t0 2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2 Hot ng 4: Bi 3: GV yu cu c lp gii bi tp 4 SGK. a. C b. D Bi 4: - Dng qu tm: + dd NH3 lm qu tm chuyn mu xanh + dd Na2SO4 k lm qu tm i mu + dd (NH4)2SO4 v dd NH4Cl lm qu tm chuyn mu hng. - Dng dd Ba(OH)2 phn bit dd (NH4)2SO4 v dd NH4Cl (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O 2NH4Cl + Ba(OH)2 BaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O V. Cng c v dn d : Bi 2, 5 SGK trang 58 v cc bi trong sch bi tp.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 30 -
Tun : 11 Tit : 22
Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi : PHOTPHO
Ngy son : 28/10/2012 Ngy dy : 02/11/2012
I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: + Cu to phn t v cc dng th hnh ca pht pho. + Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca pht pho. HS hiu: Tnh cht ho hc ca pht pho. 2. K nng: HS bit vn dng nhng hiu bit v tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca pht pho gii quyt cc bi tp. II. Chun b: GV: Dng c: ng nghim, kp g, gi st, n cn. Ho cht: phtpho , phtpho trng. III. Phng php: + Nghin cu SGK + Thng qua th nghim. + Nu vn v gii quyt vn . IV. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : khng kim tra 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I.Tnh cht vt l: HS: Quan st photpho v photpho trng 1. Photpho trng: - Photpho c my dng th hnh? - C cu trc mng tinh th phn te. - S khc nhau v tnh cht vt l ca cc dng th hnh l - Gm nhiu phn t P4 hnh t din lin kt vi g? nhau bng lc tng tc yu. GV lm th nghim chng minh s chuyn photpho - Photpho trng khng tan trong nc, tan c thnh photpho trng. trong mt s dung mi hu c. GV kt lun: - Photpho trng bc chy trong kk nhit trn - Photpho c 2 dng th hnh chnh l photpho trng v 400C. photpho . 2. Photpho : - Hai dng th hnh ny c th chuyn ho cho nhau. - C cu trc polime, kh nng chy kh bay hi hn photpho trng. - Photpho khng tan trong cc dung mi huu c thng, bc chy trong kk nhit trn 2500C. Hot ng 2: II. Tnhcht ho hc: GV yu cu HS: 1.Tnh oxi ho: - Da vo s oxi ho c th c ca photpho d on kh Th hin tnh oxi ho khi tc dng vi mt s kim nng phn ng ho hc ca photpho. loi hot ng. t0 - Gii thch ti sao iu kin thng photpho hot ng VD: 2P + 3Ca Ca3P2 ho hc mnh hn nit. 2. Tnh kh: - Photpho th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi mt s phi kim Th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi mt s phi kim v cc hp cht c tnh oxi ho. hot ng. a.Tc dng vi oxi: - Thiu oxi: 4P + 3O2 2P2O3 - D oxi: 4P + 5O2 2P2O5 b. Tc dng vi clo: - Thiu clo: 2P + 3Cl2 2PCl3
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Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC - D clo: 2P + 5Cl2 2PCl5 c. Tc dng vi hp cht: Photpho tc dng d dng vi cc hp cht c tnh oxi ho mnh nh HNO3 c, KClO3, KNO3, K2Cr2O7... t0 Hot ng 3: VD: 6P + 5KClO3 3P2O5 + 5KCl. HS: Da vo SGK v tm trong thc t nhng ng dng ca III. ng dng: SGK photpho. GV: Tm tt cc kin ca hc sinh. Hot ng 4: -HS nghin cu SGK. IV. Trng thi thin nhin v iu ch: - GV: dn dt, gi gip HS tr li cc cu hi, cn cho HS 1.Trong t nhin khng gp photpho trng thi t thy r tm quan trng ca photpho i vi sinh vt v con do. ngi. Hai khong vt chnh ca photpho l aptit 3Ca3(PO4)2.CaF2 v photphorit Ca3(PO4)2 2. Trong cng nghip, photpho c sn xut bng cch nung hn hp qung photphorit, ct v than cc 12000C trong l in: t0 Ca3(PO4)2 + 3SiO2 + 5C 3CaSiO3 + 2P + 5CO V. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : GV da vo ni dung bi tp 1, 2 SGK cng c kin thc. Cu 1. Photpho c s dng th hnh quan trng l : A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 2. Magie photphua c cng thc l: A. Mg2P2O7 B. Mg3P2 C. Mg2P3 D.Mg3(PO4)3 Cu 3 .Photpho anhidritphotphor anhidritphotphoric axitmtaphotpho ric axitphotphoric- natriphotphat bc photphat. Cu 4 .Cho pht phin vo nc ta c dung dch c mi trng g? A. Axit B. Baz C. Trung tnh D. Khng xc nh Cu 5 .Trong phng trnh phn ng H2SO4 + P H3PO4 + SO2 + H2O. H s ca P l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 6 .Khi lng qung photphorit cha 65% Ca3(PO4)2 cn ly iu ch 150kg photpho l. Bit rng trong qu trnh iu ch c 3% P b hao ht. A. 1,189 tn B. 0,2 tn C. 0,5 tn D. 2,27 tn 2. Dn d : Bi 3, 4, 5, 6 SGK trang 62 v cc bi trong sch bi tp.
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Tun : 12 Tit : 23
Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi : AXITPHOTPHORIC MUI PHOTPHAT
Ngy son : 04/11/2012 Ngy dy : 06/11/2012
I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit + Cu to phn t ca Axit photphoric + Tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca Axit photphoric + Tnh cht v nhn bit mui photphat + ng dng v iu ch Axit photphoric 2. K nng: Vn dng kin thc v Axit photphoric v mui photphat giI cc bi tp. II. Chun b: Ho cht: H2SO4 c, dd AgNO3, dd Na3PO4, dd KNO3. Dng c: ng nghim III. Phng php ch yu: + m thoi ti hin kin thc + Tm hiu SGK + Thng qua th nghim IV. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : khng kim tra 3. Bi mi :
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng Hot ng 1: GV yu cu HS: Vit CTCT ca Axit photphoric, bn cht ca lin kt, s oxi ho ca photpho.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ni dung I. Axit photphoric 1. Cu to phn t: H O H O P=O H O Hot ng 2: Photpho c s oxi ho cao nht l +5 GV cho HS quan st l ng axit photphoric v cho nhn 2. Tnh cht vt l: xt. Axit photphoric tan trong nc theo bt k t l no l do s to thnh lin kt hiro gia cc phn t H3PO4 vi cc phn t nc. Hot ng 3: 3. Tnh cht ho hc: GV: Do trng thI s oxi ho +5 ca photpho kh bn, a. Tnh oxi ho - kh: khng d g b thay i trong cc phn ng ho hc. Axit photphoric kh b kh, khng c tnh oxi ho nh axit nitric. GV gii thiu Axit photphoric d mt nc. Da vo b. Tc dng bi nhit: t0 SGK cho bit khi un nng qu trnh mt nc ca Axit 2H3PO4 H4P2O7 + H2O 0 photphoric din ra nh th no. t H4P2O7 2HPO3 + H2O Cc axit HPO3, H4P2O7 li c th kt hp vi nc to ra axit H3PO4 c. Tnh axit: GV yu cu HS: Vit PT in li ca Axit photphoric, Axit photphoric l axit ba ln axit, c mnh trung trong dd tn ti cc loi ion g bnh. Nc 1: H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4GV: Cho HS gi tn cc sn phm in li ca Axit Nc 2: H2PO4- H+ + HPO42photphoric. HPO42- H+ + PO43GV yu cu HS vit PT ho hc ca Axit photphoric vi Nc 3: Dung dch H3PO4 lm i mu qu tmthnh , tc oxit baz, vi baz... dng vi oxit baz, baz, mui, kim loi... 4. iu ch v ng dng: Hot ng 4: . Trong cng nghip: GV cho HS c SGK tm hiu axit H3PO4 c iu - Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 3CaSO4 + 2H3PO4 ch trong CN nh th no v c ng dng g. - 4P + 5O2 2P2O5 P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4 II. Mui photphat Hot ng 5: 1. Tnh cht ca mui phtphat GV cho HS da vo SGK cho bit c im v tnh a. Tnh tan: SGK cht ca mui photphat: tnh tan, phn ng thu phn. b. Phn ng thu phn mui VD: Na3PO4 + H2O Na2HPO4 + NaOH PO43- + H2O HPO42- + OHDung dch Na3PO4 lm qu tm ng mu xanh. 2. Nhn bit ion photphat GV lm th nghim. Dng thuc th l dd AgNO3 th to thnh kt ta mu vng. 3Ag+ + PO43- Ag3PO4 V. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : Bi 1: Ho tan a gam P2O5 vo dd c cha b gam NaOH c dd A. tnh t s a/b sao cho trong dd A: a.Ch c mui Na3PO4. b.Ch c mui Na2HPO4. c.Ch c mui NaH2PO4. d.C c 2 mui Na3PO4 v Na2HPO4. e.C c 2 mui NaH2 PO4 v Na2HPO4. Bi 2: Trn ln 250 ml dd KOH 0,15 M vi 150 ml dd H3PO4 0,1 M c dd A.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC a) Tnh nng mol ca cc cht tan v ca cc ion trong dd A. b) Thm 0,3 gam NaOH vo A th c dd B. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong B, bit khi ho tan thm NaOH th th tch dd thay i khng ng k. Bi 3: t chy hon ton 1,344 lit hp cht kh X ca photpho(o 54,6oC, v 1 atm) dng ht 3,92 lit oxi (ktc) v thu c 8,9 gam sn phm chy gm P2O5 v H2O. Ho tan sn phm chy vo nc c dd axit A. trung ho A cn 300 ml dd KOH 1M. Lp CTPT v vit CTCT ca X. Bi 4: Khi phn tch mt loi khong cht ngi ta thy n cu to t cc nguyn t vi thnh phn % khi lng tng ng nh sau: tn ng.t Ca P Cl O (%) 38,42 17,87 6,82 36,89 a) lp cng thc ho hc v cho bit tn thng gi ca loi khong cht . Bit M = 1041 dvc b) t 6 tn qung trn c ln 13,25 % tp cht c th iu ch c : + bao nhiu kg axit photpho + bao nhiu kg phn supe photphat kp Bit hiu sut ca qa trnh ch ha l 95 %. c) nung hn hp qung vi c t, than thi thu c photpho trng. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng. Bi 5: Trn ln 400 gam dd Na3PO4 16,4 % vi 250 gam dd H3PO4 19,6 % c dd A. Tnh nng % mi cht tan trong dd A. Nu mun thu c dd ch c mt cht tan l NaH2PO4th cn trn 2 dd trn theo t l khi lng nh th no? Bi 6: khi t chy hon ton 1,8 g mt loi phn m (A) ngi ta thu c 1,32 g kh CO2; 1,08 g H2O. Hm lng (% khi lng ca nit) trong loi phn m ny l 46,67 %. Ngoi ra cn c nguyn t oxi. a) lp cng thc phn t ca (A) bit rng lng nit trong mt mol A t hn lng nit c trong 100 gam amoninitrat. b) Khi ho tan vo nc, A phn ng vi ncv chuyn thnh hp cht B. B va phn ng vi HCl to thnh kh, va phn ng vi Ca(OH)2 to thnh kh. Hy vit cng thc phn t ca B v phn ng bin i A thnh B 2. Dn d : Bi 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 SGK.
Tun : 12,13 Tit : 24 , 25
Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi : PHN BN HA HC
Ngy son : 04/11/2012 Ngy dy : 09/11/2012
I.Mc tiu : 1. Kin thc: HS bit - Nguyn t dinh dng no cn thit cho cy trng - Thnh phn mt s loi phn bn ho hc thng dng. - Bo qun v s dng mt s loi phn bn ho hc. 2. K nng: - C kh nng nhn bit mt s loi phn bn ho hc. - C kh nng nh gi cht lng ca tng loi phn bn ho hc. II. Chun b: GV: Mt s tranh nh, t liu v sn xut cc loi phn bn ho hc vit nam. HS: Xem li cc bi mui amoni, mui nitrat, photphat. III. Phng php : + Tm hiu SGK + Thng qua tranh nh, t liu v thc nghim. IV. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : Nu tnh cht ha hc ca H3PO4 3. Bi mi :
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng Hot ng 1: HS nghin cu SGK cho bit: Phn m l g? C nhng loi phn m no? c im v cch s dng?
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ni dung I. Phn m: Phn m cung cp nit ho hp cho cy trng di dng ion nitrat NO3- v ion amoni NH4+. 1. Phn m amoni: l cc mui amini NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3... Cc mui ny c iu ch khi cho amonic tc dng vi axit tng ng. VD: 2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 2. Phn m nitrat: l cc mui nitrat NaNo3, Ca(NO3)2... Cc mui ny c iu ch khi cho axit nitric tc dng vi mui ccbonat VD: CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O 3. Ure: CTPT: [(NH2)2CO] iu ch: CO2 + 2NH3 (NH2)2CO + H2O. Khi bn: (NH2)2CO + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 II. Phn ln: Phn ln cung cp photpho cho cy di dng ion photphat PO43-. 1. Supephotphat: a. Supephotphat n: Cha 14 - 20% P2O5. Sn xut: Ca3(PO4)2 + 2H2SO4 Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2CaSO4. b. Supephotphat kp: Cha 40 - 50% P2O5. Sn xut: Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 2H3PO4 + 3CaSO4. 2. Phn ln nung chy: SGK III. Phn kali: Phn kali cung cp cho cy trng nguyn t kali di dng ion K+. Cc mui kali c s dng nhiu: KCl, K2SO4, K2CO3. IV. Mt s loi phn bn phc hp: 1. Phn hn hp v phn phc hp: + Phn hn hp: Cha c 3 nguyn t: N, P, K. + Phn phc hp: VD: Ampht l hn hp NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4. 2. Phn vi lng: Phn vi lng cung cp cho cy cc nguyn t nh B, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo... dng hp cht.
GV: C th bn phn m amoni cng vi vi bt kh chua c khng? Ti sao? GV : Phn m amoni v phn m nitrat c c im g ging, khc nhau.
Ure c sn xut nh th no? Ti sao ure c s dng rng ri nh vy?
Hot ng 2: Phn ln l g? C my loi phn ln? Phng php sn xut cc loi phn ln? c im ca cc loi phn ln. Cch s dng chng. So snh u, nhc im ca cc loi phn ln t nhin v phn ln nung chy vi Supephotphat. Hot ng 3: Phn kali l g? Nhng loi hp cht no c dng lm phn kali? Phn kali cn thit cho cy trng nh th no? Hot ng 4: Phn hn hp v phn phc hp ging v khc nhau nh th no?
Phn vi lng l g? Ti sao cn phi bn phn vi lng cho t?
V. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : GV da vo cc bi 1, 2, 3 SGK cng c bi. Cu 1 : C 20 g hn hp gm BaSO4, Ca3( PO4)2 ; CaCO3 v Na3PO4 em ho tan vo nc th thy cn li 18 g cht khng tan. Cho 18 g ny tc dng vi HCl d to 2,24 lit kh o ktc v vn cn li 3 g cht khng tan. Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng mi cht trong hn hp.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Cu 2 : Gii thch cc hin tng quan st c. Vit phng trnh phn ng: a)Nh t t dung dch H3PO4 v dung dch Ba(OH)2 . b)Nh t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch H3PO4. Cu 3 : a) Vit cc phn ng iu ch supephotphat n v supephotphat kep t qung pirit v apatit. b) Cn bao nhiu qung photphorit cha 80 % Ca3(PO4)2 thu c 1 tn P cho rng s hao ht trong qa trnh sn xut l 15 %. 2. Dn d : Bi 4, 5 SGK v cc bi trong sch bi tp.
Tun : 13 Tit : 26
Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi : LUYN TP TNH CHT CA PHOTPHO V CC HP CHT
Ngy son : 04/11/2012 Ngy dy : 13/11/2012
I.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Cng c kin thc: Cng c cc kin thc v tnh cht vt l, ho hc, iu ch v ng dng ca photpho v mt s hp cht ca photpho. 2. Rn luyn k nng: Vn dng cc kin thc giI bi tp. II. Chun b: GV: Chun b phiu hc tp, my chiu ht, phim trong, bt vit phim HS: n tp l thuyt v lm cc bi tp SGK phn photpho v cc hp cht ca photpho. III. Phng php: + m thoi ti hin kin thc + Dng cc bi tp cng c v rn luyn kin thc + s dng hnh thc hc tp theo nhm di s hng dn ca gio vin IV. Tin trnh tit dy : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Cng c l thuyt: Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng - 37 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang - Photpho c nhng dng th hnh nh th no?
- c im cu trc ca cc dng th hnh l g?
- So snh tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca cc dng th hnh ca photpho.
- Cho bit tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca Axit photphoric - Vit phng trnh ho hc c/m axit photphoric l axit ba nc.
- Ti sao Axit photphoric khng c tnh oxi ho. - Mui photphat c my loi?
- Nu c im, ca cc loi mui photphat? - Nhn bit ion photphat nh th no? Hot ng 2: Chia HS thnh nhm tho lun v gii quyt 5 bi tp trong SGK trang 72.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC 1. n cht photpho: - Photpho c 2 dng th hnh l photpho trng v photpho . - Photpho trng c cu trc mng tinh th phn t, mm d nng chy, c, khng tan trong nc, d tan trong mt s dung mi hu c -Photpho c cu trc polime, bn, khng c, khng tan trong nc cng nh trong cc dung mI h c. - Photpho trng hot ng ho hc mnh hn photpho - Cc s oxi ho: -3, 0, +3, +5 - Th hin tnh kh: P + O2 P2O5 P + Cl2 PCl5 - Th hin tnh oxi ho: 2P + 3Ca Ca3P2 2. Axit photphoric: - L axit ba nc, c mnh trung bnh. - Khng c tnh oxi ho. - L cht rn d nng chy, ht m mnh, tan trong nc theo bt k t l no, khng bay hI, khng c. - Axit photphoric d mt nc H3PO4 H4P2O7 HPO3 - Tc dng vi dd kim: H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 + H2O H3PO4 + 2NaOH Na2HPO4 + 2H2O H3PO4 + 3NaOH Na3PO4 + 3H2O 3. Mui photphat: - C 3 loi mui photphat: + Photphat trung ho. VD: Na3PO4, Ba3(PO4)2... + ihirphtphat. VD: NaH2PO4, Ba(H2PO4)2... + Hirphotphat. VD: Na2HPO4, BaHPO4... - D tan trong nc: + Tt c cc mui phtphat ca natri, kali, amoni + ihirphtphat ca cc kim loi khc. - Khng tan trong nc: Hirphotphat v Photphat trung ho ca cc kim loi, tr natri, kali, amoni. - Nhn bit ion PO43- bng phn ng: 3Ag+ + PO43- Ag3PO4 II. Bi tp: HS tho lun cc bi tp theo nhm v c i din bo co kt qu, c lp theo di v b sung kin xy dng bi.
V. Cng c v dn d : Cu 1 : Trn ln 250 ml dd KOH 0,15 M vi 150 ml dd H3PO4 0,1 M c dd A. a.Tnh nng mol ca cc cht tan v ca cc ion trong dd A. b. Thm 0,3 gam NaOH vo A th c dd B. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong B, bit khi ho tan thm NaOH th th tch dd thay i khng ng k. Cu 2 : Hy vit y cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc sau: Cu + HNO3 (c) Kh A + MnO2 + HCl Kh B + NaHSO3+ H2SO4 Kh C + Ba(HCO3)2 + HNO3 Kh D +
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Cu 3 : Cho kh A tc dng vi H2O, kh B tc dng vi bt Fe, kh C tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4 vkh D tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 d. Hy vit cc phng trnh ha hc cho mi trng hp. Cu 4 : Cho hn hp bt Fe, Cu vo bnh cha 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 long d th thu c 2,24 lit H2 (kc), dung dch A v mt cht khng tan B. oxi ha hn hp cc sn phm cn trong bnh, ngi ta phi cho thm vo 10,1 gam KNO3. Saukhi phn ng xy ra ngi ta thu c mt kh khng mu d ha nu trong khng kh v mt dung dch C. trung ha lng axit d trong dung dchngi ta cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. a) Tnh khi lng hn hp kim loi v th tch kh khng mu sinh ra( ktc). b) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch H2SO4. Cu 5 : Ho tan 16,2 gam bt kim loi ha tr III vo 5 lit dd HNO3 0,5 M (D = 1,25 ). Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 2,8 lit hn hp kh NO,N2 (0oC,2atm). Trn hn hp kh trn vi lng oxi va sau phn ng thy th tch kh ch bng 5/6 tng th tch hnhp kh ban u v th tch mi cho vo a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca KL v gi tn. b) Tnh nng % ca dd HNO3sau phn ng Lm cc bi trong SBT
Tun : 14 Tit : 27
Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi : THC HNH TNH CHT CA MT S HP CHT NITO , PHOTPHO .PHN BIT MT S LOI PHN BN
Ngy son : 18/11/2012 Ngy dy : 20/11/2012
I. Mc tiu : 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v iu ch v tnh tannhiu ca tnh cht oxi ho mnh ca amonic, axit nitric. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng thc hnh th nghim vi lng nh ho cht m bo an ton, chnh xc. II. Chun b dng c th nghim v ho cht cho mt nhm hc sinh: 1. Dng c: - ng nghim: 5 - ng ht nh git: 5 - Kp ng nghim: - Nt cao su c l: 1 - Gi ng nghim: 1 - Tha xc ho cht: - B gi th nghim: 1 - Bng tm xt - n cn: 2. Ho cht: - NH4Cl, NaOH - Phn KCl, phn supephotphat kp. - qu tm, dd phenolphtalein - dd HNO3 long v c - dd: NaOH, AgNO3, AlCl3 - than ci, bng. - dd HNO3 c, long. - Cu - Chu nc vi kh c
1 1 1
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang - Phn amoni sunfat III. Tin trnh tit dy: Hot ng Th nghim 1: Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK. Hng dn hc sinh a ming giy ch th mu vo ming ng nghim p ngc nhn bit ng nghim cha y NH3 cha. Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ni dung Th nghim 1: iu ch kh amonic v th tnh cht ca dung dch amonic. a. iu ch kh amoniac: HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch. NH4Cl + NaOH NaCl + NH3 + H2O b. Th tnh cht ca dung dch amoniac: HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch. AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3Nh4Cl. Th nghim 2: Tnh oxi ho ca axit nitric. HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch. Cu + 4HNO3() Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O. 3Cu + 8HNO3(l) 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O. Th nghim 3: Phn bit mt s loi phn bn ho hc. a. Phn m amoni sunfat. HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch. NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O b. Phn kali clorua v supephotphat kp. HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch. KCl + AgNO3 AgCl + KNO3 Ag+ + Cl- AgCl
Th nghim 2: Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK. GV lu ly lng nh ho cht v trong sn phm ca phn ng c kh NO2 v NO bay ra rt c. Lu : Sau khi lm th nghim xong y ng nghim bng bng tm xt, sau khi ng nghim ngui th vo chu nc vI kh c. Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK.
Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK Hng dn HS vit tng trnh th nhgim theo mu, nu cch tin hnh, hin tng xy ra v giI thch hin tng, vit cc PTHH xy ra.
HS vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu: 1.Tn hc sinh............................Lp....... 2. Tn bi thc hnh:Tnh cht ca mt s hp cht nit, photpho. 3. Ni dung tng trnh:Trnh by cch tin hnh th nghim, m t hin tng quan st c, gii thch, vit phng trnh ho hc cc th nghim
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 14 Chng II : NHM NIT Tit : 28 Tn bi : KIM TRA 1 TIT Tit 22 I. MC TIU: - Rn k nng lm bi tp ca HS - Gip phn loi , nh gi nng lc ca HS II. CHUN B: 1. Gio vin: kim tra v p n chi tit 2. Hc sinh: n tp kin thc hc. III. T CHC GI HC: (c ni dung kem theo )
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 41 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 15 Tit : 29 Chng III : NHM CACBON Tn bi : KHI QUT V NHM CACBON
I.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: *Hc sinh bit: K hiu ha hc, tn gi cc nguyn t nhm cc bon. *Hc sinh hiu: - Tnh cht ho hc chung ca cc nguyn t nhm cc bon. - Quy lut bin i tnh cht cc n cht v hp cht. 2. K nng: - Rn luyn kh nng so snh, vn dng quy lut chung vo mt nhm nguyn t. - Rn luyn kh nng lp lun, tm c mi lin h gia cu to nguyn t vi tnh cht ho hc ca nguyn t. II. Chun b: GV: Bng tun hon; Bng 3.1: Mt s tnh cht ca cc nguyn t nhm cc bon. HS: n kin thc v cu to nguyn t; Quy lut bin i tnh cht cc n cht v hp cht trong BTH. III Phng php ch yu: Khai thc l thuyt ch o nh cu to ngun t, lin kt ho hc, khI nim m in... hng dn HS suy lun, gii thch, chng minh tnh cht ca cc cht. IV. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. V tr ca nhm cc bon trong bng tun hon: Da vo bng tun hon tm v tr cc nguyn - Gm cc nguyn t: Cacbon ( C ), Silic t nhm cacbon v gi tn cc nguyn t. ( Si ), Gecmani ( Ge ), Thic ( Sn ), Ch GV un nn cch gi tn, cch vit KHHH cc ( Pb ). nguyn t. - Tt c u l cc nguyn t p. - GV gii thiu bng 3.1 II. Tnh cht chung ca cc nguyn t nhm ccbon: Hot ng 2: 1. Cu hnh electron nguyn t: T v tr ca cc nguyn t vit cu hnh Lp electron ngoi cng c 4 electron: electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t . * TT c bn: ns2np2 GV: Gi HS nh li mi lin h gia v tr cc nguyn t trong BTH vi cu to nguyn t ca chng. Hot ng 3: GV yu cu HS vn dng quy lut bin i trong mt chu k so snh tnh phi kim ca cacbon vi nit, silic vi photpho. Hot ng 4: - Vit cng thc cc hp cht vi hiro v cng thc cc oxit. - Quy lut bin i tnh bn nhit, tnh kh ca hp cht vi hiro. * Khi b kch thch: ns1np3 - Khi to thnh lin kt ho hc, chng c ho tr 2 hoc 4. - Trong cc hp cht chng c cc s oxi ho: +4, +2, -4 tu thuc vo m in ca cc nguyn t lin kt vi chng. 2. S bin i tnh cht ca cc n cht: - T cacbon n ch bn knh nguyn t v nng lng ion ho gim, tnh phi kim gim dn, tnh kim loi tng dn. - Trong chu k, kh nng kt hp electron ca cacbon km hn nit v ca silic km hn photpho. 3. S bin i tnh cht ca cc hp cht: - Cng thc hp cht vi hiro l RH4. bn nhit ca cc hp cht hirua ny gim nhanh t CH4 PbH4. - To ra 2 loi oxit l RO v RO2, trong R c s oxi ho l +2 v +4. CO2 v SiO2 l cc oxit axit, cn GeO2, SnO2, PbO2 v cc hiroxit tng ng ca chng l cc hp cht lng tnh. - Cc nguyn t cacbon cn c th lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch cacbon gm hng chc, hng trm nguyn t.
- Quy lut bin i tnh axit - baz ca cc oxit. V Cng c bi-dn d . Dng cc bi tp cng c bi: Lm cc bi tp 1, 2, 3, 4.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 42 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Bi tp v nh: Lm cc bi trong sch BT. Tun : 15 Ngy son : 24/11/2012 Chng III : NHM CACBON Tit : 30 Ngy dy : 27/11/2012 Tn bi : CACBON I.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit. - Cu trc cc dng th hnh ca cacbon. - Tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca cacbon. - Vai tr quan trng ca cacbon i vi i sng v k thut. 2. K nng. - Vn dng c nhng tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca cacbon gii cc bi tp c lin quan. - Bit s dng cc dng th hnh ca cacbon trong cc mc ch khc nhau. II. Chun b: GV chun b: M hnh than ch, kim cng, mu than g, than mui. HS: Xem li kin thc v cu trc tinh th kim cng ( lp 10 ); Tnh cht ho hc ca ccbon ( lp 9 ). III. Phng php ch yu: - Tm hiu SGK. - Khai thc kin thc bit ca HS v cu to nguyn t gip HS phn on v gii cc tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca ccbon. IV. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Tnh cht vt l: GV: Cho HS quan st m hnh v mu vt tm - Kim cng: hiu cu trc dng th hnh ca + Cu trc: T din u. cac bon. + Khng mu. + Khng dn in. + Dn nhit km, rt cng. GV: Hng dn HS da vo c im cu trc tinh - Than ch: th ca cc dng th hnh gii thch ti sao cc + Cu trc lp. dng th hnh ca cacbon c nhng tnh cht vt l + Xm en. tri ngc nhau? + C nh kim. - GV gii thiu thm dng Fuleren(theo SGK). + Dn in tt ( km kim loi ). + Cc lp d tch ra khi nhau. Hot ng 2: II. Tnh cht ho hc: GV: Cho HS d on tnh cht ho hc ca ccbon. 1. Tnh kh: - Y/c: va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ho; trong a. Tc dng vi oxi: tnh kh l ch yu. C + O2 CO2 Khi nht cao: 2CO2 + O2 2CO2 - Cacbon khng tc dng trc tip vi clo, brom, iot. GV: Cho HS vit cc PTHH chng minh tnh cht b. Tc dng vi hp cht: ho hc ca cacbon. - nhit cao, cacbon c th kh c nhiu oxit kim loi, phn ng vi nhiu cht oxi ho khc nhau nh HNO3, H2SO4 c, KClO3... VD: GV: Nhc HS cn lu n iu kin phn ng. C + 4 HNO3 (c) CO2 + 4NO2+ 2H2O 2. Tnh oxi ho: a. Tc dng vi hiro: - Cacbon phn ng vi hiro nhit cao c xc tc, to thnh kh metan. C + 2H2 CH4 b. Tc dng vi kim loi: - 43 -
GV: Cht li nhng kin thc quan trng v tnh cht ho hc ca cacbon.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC - nhit cao, ccbon phn ng vi kim loi to thnh ccbua kim loi. VD: 4Al + 3C Al4C3. Hot ng 3: III. ng dng: - Ti sao kim cng li c dng lm dao ct thu HS tham kho cc ng dng ca ccbon trong SGK, ngoi tinh, mi khoan trong khai thc du m? ra HS cho bit thm cc ng dng thc t khc ca ccbon. - Ti sao than ch c th dng lm in cc?... Hot ng 4: IV. Trng thi thin nhin. iu ch: GV: Cho HS da vo SGK v kin thc thc t ca 1. Trng thi thin nhin: bn thn trnh by vn v trng thi t nhin - Trong t nhin, kim cng v than ch l cacbon t do gn v iu ch cc dng th hnh ca cacbon. nh tinh khit. - Ngoi ra, ccbon cn c trong cc khong vt nh: Canxit ( CaCO3); magizit ( MgCO3 ) olomit (CaCO3 . MgCO3 ). - Du m, kh t thin nhin. GV cn b sung thm cc kin thc thc t. 2. iu ch: HS tham kho SGK bit c cc cch iu ch cacbon. V.Cng c v dn d - GV thit k phiu bi tp cng c ni dung cc dng th hnh ca cacbon v tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca cacbon. - Bi tp v nh: Bi 3, 4 trang 82 SGK.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 44 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 16 Tit : 31 Chng III : NHM CACBON Tn bi : HP CHT CA CACBON
I.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit. - Cu to phn t ca CO v CO2. - Tnh cht vt l ca CO v CO2. - Cc phng php iu ch v ng dng ca CO v CO2. HS hiu: - Tnh cht ho hc ca CO v CO2. - Tnh cht ho hc ca axit cacbonic v mui cacbonat. 2. K nng: - Cng c kin thc v lin kt ho hc. - Vn dng kin thc gii thch cc tnh cht v ng dng ca cc oxit cacbon trong i sng v k thut. - Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp l thuyt v tnh ton c lin quan. II. Chun b: HS: - n tp li cch vit cu hnh electron v phn b electron vo cc lng t. - Xem li cu to phn t CO2. III. Phng php I: - Ti hin kin thc c t b sung v xy dng nm c kin thc mi. - T chc cho HS hot ng theo nhm. - Nu vn v gii quyt vn . IV. Tin trnh tit dy : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Cacbon monooxit: - GV cho HS vit cu hnh electron v phn b cc 1. Cu to phn t: electron vo lng t ca C v O - GV: Nguyn t oxi c 2 electron c thn, gia 2 C: 2s22p2 nguyn t C v O hnh thnh 2 lin kt cng ho tr v 1 lin kt cho - nhn. O: 2s22p4 - GV lu cho HS: y l trng hp khng tun theo CTCT: CO qui tc bt t. - S oxi ho ca C l: +2. Hot ng 2: 2. Tnh cht vt l: - Kh Ccbon monooxit c nhng tnh cht vt l g? HS tham kho SGK bit cc tnh cht vt l ca CO. - So snh vi kh nit c c im g ging? Khc? Hot ng 3: 3. Tnh cht ho hc: HS da vo c im cu to phn t d on tnh a) Cacbon monooxit rt km hot ng nhit cht ho hc ca CO. thng v tr nn hot hn khi un nng. GV nhn xt kin ca HS v b sung: Ccbon monooxit l oxit trung tnh. - CO l oxit trung tnh/ oxit khng to mui. b) Cacbonmonooxit l cht kh mnh - CO c nhiu ng dng trong k thut. khi c un nng. VD: CO + O2 CO2 1500 C , Pt + C CO + Cl2 COCl2 (photgen) CO + CuO Cu + CO2 4. iu ch : Hot ng 4: GV: V CO c nhiu ng dng trong k thut nn ngi a. Trong cng nghip: - Cho hI nc i qua than nng khong 1050oC. ta iu ch CO trong cng nghip. GV: Ch cho HS thy c bn cht ca phn ng iu C + H2O CO + H2 ch CO l da vo tnh kh ca ccbon nhit cao. - Thi kh qua than nung nng trong cc l gas.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 45 -
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC CO2 + C 2CO b. Trong phng th nghim: - Cacbon monooxit c iu ch bng cch cho H2SO4 c vo axit fomic v un nng: HCOOH CO + H2O II. Cacbon ioxit: 1. Cu to phn t: CTPT: CO2 CTCT: O=C=O 2. Tnh cht vt l: - Kh khng mu. - Nng hn khng kh. - t tan trong nc. - D ho lng, d ho rn. 3. Tnh cht ho hc: a. Kh CO2 khng chy v khng duy tr s chy. Tuy nhin kim loi c tnh kh mnh c th chy c trong CO2. VD: CO2 + 2Mg 2MgO + C b. CO2 l oxit axit, tc dng vi oxit baz v baz to thnh mui. Tan trong nc to thnh dd axit cacbonic CO2 + H2O H2CO3 4. iu ch: a. Trong phng th nghim: CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O b. Trong cng nghip: t chy than: C + O2 CO2 t chy du m, kh thin nhin, thu CO2 trong qu trnh nung vi... III. Axit ccbonic v mui ccbonat: Axit cacbonic l axit rt yu v km bn, ch tn ti trong dung dch long. H2CO3 H+ + HCO3HCO3- H+ + CO321. Tnh cht ca mui cacbonat: a. Tnh tan: SGK. b. Tc dng vi axit: NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O CO32- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O c. Tc dng vi dung dch kim: NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O d. Phn ng nhit phn: MgCO3 MgO + CO2 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O 2. ng dng ca mt s mui ccbonat: Hc sinh tham kho SGK. Tiu biu l cc cht CaCO3; Na2CO3.10H2O; NaHCO3. - 46 -
Hot ng 5: - Lin kt trong phn t CO2 l lin kt cng ho tr c cc. - Cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt i. - Phn t c cu to thng nn khng phn cc. - GV cho HS nghin cu SGK rt ra tnh cht vt l ca CO2. Hot ng 6: GV: HS cho bit CO2 c nhng tnh cht ho hc g v vit cc PTHH minh ho. GV cho nhn xt v gii thch r hn v cc tnh cht ho hc. Hot ng 7: GV: CO2 c nhiu ng dng trong k thut v i sng: iu ch soa, tng hp hu c, cng nghip thc phm... V vy cn phi iu ch CO2 vi lng ln. Hot ng 8: GV: Gii thiu - L axit 2 nc rt yu (nu 2 gi tr hng s in li 2 nc) v km bn. - To ra 2 loi mui. GV cho HS tham kho SGK bit c tnh tan ca mui ccbonat.
GV yu cu HS: - Nhn thc ng bn cht ca phn ng trao i ion. - c im ca cc mui ccbonat tan.
- Tm hiu ng dng ca mt s mui ccbonat: CaCO3, Na2CO3, NaHCO3.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC V. Cng c bi. GV s dng bi tp 2, 3 ( SGK ) cng c bi hc. Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 4, 5, 6 SGK trang 87 v 88. Tun : 16 Ngy son : 02/12/2012 Chng III : NHM CACBON Tit : 32 Ngy dy : 06/12/2012 Tn bi : SILIC V HP CHT SILIC I.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit. - Tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca silic. - Tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca cc hp cht ca silic. - Phng php iu ch v ng dng cc n cht v cc hp cht ca silic. 2. K nng: Vn dng kin thc gii cc bi tp c lin quan. II. Chun b: GV: Mu vt ct, thch anh, mnh vi bng; Dung dch Na2SiO3, HCl, phnolphtalin Cc, ng nghim, a thu tinh. III. Phng php: + Nu vn v gii quyt vn . + T chc cho HS hot ng theo nhm. IV. Tin trnh tit dy: Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Silic. GV: Cho HS nghin cu SGK v cho bit cc tnh cht 1. Tnh cht vt l: vt l ca silic. - C 2dng th hnh: Silic tinh th v v nh hnh. - Silic tinh th c cu trc ging kim cng, mu xm, c nh kim, nng chy 1420oC. - Silic tinh th c tnh bn dn ( khc ccbon ). - Silic v nh hnh l cht bt mu nu. Hot ng 2: 2. Tnh cht ho hc: GV: So snh vi cacbon, silic c tnh cht ho hc nh a. Tnh kh: th no? - Tc dng vi phi kim: GV: Trong cc phn ng s oxi ho ca silic tng t 0 Si + 2F2 SiF4 ln n +4. Si + O2 SiO2 - Tc dng vi hp cht: Tc dng vi dd kim. Si + 2NaOH + H2O Na2SiO3 + 2H2 b. Tnh oxi ho: GV: Trong phn ng s oxi ho ca silic gim t 0 Tc dng vi kim loi nhit cao. xung - 4. VD: 2Mg + Si Mg2Si Hot ng 3: 3. Trng thi t nhin: GV: Trong t nhin silic tn ti dng no v c u? Trong t nhin ch gp silic di dng cc hp cht GV nhn xt kin ca HS, cht li nhng vn quan nh: Ct (SiO2). trng. Cao lanh ( Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O ). Xecpentin ( 3MgO.2SiO2.2H2O). Hot ng 4: Fesfat ( Na2O.Al2O3.6SiO2 ). GV: Cho HS nghin cu SGK, cho bit ng dng v 4. ng dng v iu ch: phng php iu ch silic. - Silic c nhiu ng dng trong k thut: + K thut v tuyn in t. + Dng trong luyn kim: ch to thp silic - Trong PTN: Dng cht kh mnh kh SiO2 nhit cao. VD: SiO2 + 2Mg Si + 2MgO - Trong CN: Dng than cc kh SiO2 nhit cao trong l in. Hot ng 5: Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng - 47 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV: Cho HS quan st mu ct sch, tinh th thch anh, cho nhn xt v tnh cht vt l ca SiO2? - SiO2 c tnh cht ho hc g? - SiO2 c ng dng g trong thc t? GV: Nhn xt kin ca HS v b sung nhng iu cn thit. Hot ng 6: GV cho HS nghin cu SGK rt ra cc tnh cht vt l, ho hc ca Axit silixic. GV cho HS vit cc PTHH.
GV kt lun: Ch c silicat kim loi kim l tan trong nc. Dung dch mui silicat ca kim loi kim b thu phn cho mi trng kim.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC SiO2 + 2C Si + 2CO II. Hp cht ca silic: 1. Silic ioxit: - L oxit axit, tan chm trong dung dch kim c nng, tan d trong kim nng chy. SiO2 + 2NaOH Na2SiO3 + H2O SiO2 + Na2CO3 Na2SiO3 + CO2 - Silic ioxit tan trong dung dch axit flohiric: SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 + 2H2O 2. Axit silixic v mui silicat: a. Axit silixic: - L cht dng kt ta keo, khng tan trong nc, khi un nng d mt nc: H2SiO3 SiO2 + H2O. - L axit yu, yu hn c axit ccbonic: Na2SiO3 + CO2 + H2O H2SiO3 + Na2CO3. b. Mui silicat: - Ch c silicat kim loi kim tan c trong nc. - Dung dch m c ca Na2SiO3 v K2SiO3 c gi l thu tinh lng. - trong dd, silicat kim loi kim b thu phn mnh cho phn ng kim. VD: Na2SiO3 + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2SiO3
V Cng c bi. GV s dng cc bi tp 1, 2, 3 cng c. Bi tp v nh: Bi 4, 5 SGK trang 92 v cc bi trong sch BT.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 48 -
Tun : 17 Tit : 33
Chng III : NHM CACBON Tn bi : CNG NGHIP SILICAT
Ngy son : 08/12/2012 Ngy dy : 10/12/2012
I.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit. - Thnh phn ho hc v tnh cht ca thu tinh, xi mng, gm. - Phng php sn xut cc vt liu thu tinh, gm, xi mng t ngun nguyn liu t nhin. 2. K nng: - Phn bit c cc vt liu thu tinh, gm, xi mng da vo thnh phn v tnh cht ca chng. - Bit cch s dng v bo qun cc sn phm lm bng cc vt liu thy tinh, gm, xi mng. II. Chun b: GV: S l quay sn xut clanhke; mu xi mng. HS: su tm, tm kim cc mu vt bng thu tinh, gm, s. III. Phng php: - Da vo tranh v, s ; Nghin cu SGK. - Da vo vn kin thc sn c v kinh nghim sng ca HS xy dng bi hc. IV. Tin trnh tit dy : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Thu tinh. HS cho bit: 1. Thnh phn ho hc v tnh cht ca thu tinh. - Thu tinh c thnh phn ho hc ch yu l g? - Thu tinh thng thng l hn hp ca natrisilicat, canxisilicat v silic ioxit. Cch sn xut: (nhit 1400oC) 6SiO2 + CaCO3 + Na2CO3 Na2O.CaO.6SiO2 + 2CO2. 2. Mt s loi thu tinh: - Thu tinh c chia lm my loi? - Thu tinh thng: ch yu gm Na2O.CaO.6SiO2. - K tn nhng vt dng thng lm bng thu tinh. - Thu tinh Kali: Thay Na2O bng K2O. Lm th no bo v c vt lm bng thu tinh? - Thu tinh pha l: Thay Na2O.CaO bng K2O.PbO. - Thu tinh thch anh : Nu chy SiO2 tinh khit. - Thu tinh i mu: c cha AgCl, AgBr. - Cp quang. Hot ng 2: II. gm: - Thnh phn ho hc ch yu ca gm l g? 1. Gch v ngi: - Phi liu sn xut chng t st, ct nho vi nc - C my loi gm? sau to hnh, sy kh v nung 900 - 10000C. - Cch sn xut cc gm nh th no? 2. Gch chu la: C 2 loi gch chu la chnh: gch inat v gch samt. 3. Snh, s v men. a. t st khi nung nhit khong 1200 - 13000C th bin thnh snh. b. S l vt liu cng, xp, c mu trng, g ku. Phi liu sn xut s gm cao lanh, fenspat, thch anh v mt s oxit kim loi. s c nung 2 ln, ln u 10000C, sau trng men v trang tr, ri nung ln th hai nhit cao hn, khong 1400 - 14500C. c. Men c thnh phn chnh ging s, nhng d nng chy hn. - 49 -
GV: Khai thc vn thc t ca HS, cng vi hc sinh phn bit gm vi thu tinh.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng 3: - xi mng c thnh phn ho hc ch yu l g?
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC III. Xi mng: 1. Thnh phn ho hc v phng php sn xut. a) Xi mng thuc loi vt liu kt dnh, c dung nhiu trong xy dng. Quan trng v thng dng nht l xi mng Pooclng, thnh phn chnh gm: canxi silicat v canxi aluminat: Ca3SiO5(hoc 3CaO.SiO2); Ca2SiO4(hoc 2CaO.SiO2) Ca3(AlO3)2 (hoc 3CaO.Al2O3) b) Cch sn xut xi mng Pooclng (SGK). 2. Qu trnh ng cng ximng. 3CaO.SiO2 + 5H2O Ca2SiO4. 4H2O + Ca(OH)2. 2CaO.SiO2 + 4H2O Ca2SiO4. 4H2O 3CaO.Al2O3 + 6H2O Ca3(AlO3)2.6H2O
- xi mng Pooclng c sn xut nh th no? - GV: Dng s l quay sn xut clanhke m t s vn hnh ca l. - Qu trnh ng cng xi mng xy ra nh th no?
V. Cng c bi GV cng c kin thc trng tm ca bi: Phn bit thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca thu tinh, gm, ximng. Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 SGK trang 97.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 50 -
Tun : 17 Tit : 34
Chng III : NHM CACBON Tn bi : LUYN TP V TNH CHT CACBON, SILIC V HP CHT CA CHNG
Ngy son : 08/12/2012 Ngy dy : 12/12/2012
I.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Cng c kin thc: - Tnh cht c bn ca cacbon v silic. - Tnh cht CO, CO2, H2CO3, mui cacbonat, axit silixic v mui silicat. 2. Rn luyn k nng: - Vn dng l thuyt gii thch cc tnh cht ca n cht v cc hp cht ca cacbon v silic. - Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp. II. Chun b: - GV chun b sn bng ph v so snh tnh cht ho hc ca cc cht CO, CO2, H2CO3, mui cacbonat, axit silixic v mui silicat. - HS n tp v chun b cc bi tp trong SGK trang 100. III. Phng php: - Dng bng so snh, bng tng kt. - m thoi cng c kin thc. - Dng bi tp nhm cng c kin thc c bn v rn luyn k nng vn dng kin thc hc. IV. Tin trnh tit dy: Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: Cng c kin thc c bn. I. n tp v l thuyt: 1. n cht cacbon, silic. GV: Dng bng ph chun b sn v hng dn HS a. Cacbon: in vo bng. - Cc dng th hnh: Kim cng, than ch, fuleren. - Th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ho: C + 2CuO 2Cu + CO2 C + 2H2 CH4 GV: Hy cho bit cc dng th hnh ca ccbon, silic v b. Silic: cc tnh cht ho hc? - Cc dng th hnh: Silic tinh th v silic v nh hnh. - Th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ho: Si + 2F2 SiF4 Si + 2Mg Mg2Si GV: Hy cho bit cc tnh cht ho hc ca cc oxit ca 2. Cc oxit: ccbon v silic? a. CO, CO2. CO: C tnh kh mnh, l oxit trung tnh. 4CO + Fe3O4 3Fe + 4CO2 CO2: C tnh oxi ho, l oxit axit. CO2 + 2Mg C + 2MgO b. SiO2: Tan c trong kim nng chy, tc dng vi dd axit HF. SiO2 + 2NaOH Na2SiO3 + H2O SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 + 2H2O GV: Hy cho bit cc tnh cht ho hc ca cc axit 3. Cc axit: ccbonic v Axit silixic. a. Axit ccbonic: - Khng bn, phn hu thnh CO2 v H2O - L axit yu, trong dd phn li hai nc. b. Axit silixic. - L axit dng rn, t tan trong nc.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV: Hy cho bit cc tnh cht ho hc ca cc mui ccbonat v mui silicat?
GV: Cho HS vit cc PTHH v nhn xt cc PT . Hot ng 2: Bi tp. GV hng dn HS lm cc bi tp nhm cng c kin thc phn tnh cht ca ccbon, silic v hp cht ca chng.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC H2CO3 H + HCO3HCO3- H+ + CO32- L axit yu, yu hn c Axit ccbonic. 4. Mui: a. Mui cacbonat: - Mui cacbonat trung ho: ch c mui ca kim loi kim v amoni l tan, cc mui khc t tan, b nhit phn: VD: CaCO3 CaO + CO2 - Mui cacbonat axit: d tan, d b nhit phn. VD: Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O b. Mui silicat: Silicat kim loi kim d tan. II. Bi tp: Di s hng dn ca GV hc sinh lm cc bi tp 1, 2, 3, 4 SGK trang 100.
+
V. Cng c bi : Bi tp v nh: Bi 5, 6, 7 SGK trang 100 v cc bi trong sch bi tp.
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Tun : 18 N TP HC K I Ngy son : 15/12/2012 Tit : 35 Ngy dy : 17/12/2012 I. Mc tiu : 1.V kin thc: HS hiu c: - Cc khi nim v: S n li, cht in li, c ch ca qu trnh in li . - Khi nim v axit- baz theo A-re-ni-ut v theo Bron-stet. nh gi c axit v kim da vo nng ca ion H+. - Khi nim v phn ng trao i ion. - Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca nit, photpho, cacbon , silic v nhng hp cht ca chng. - Nm c phng php iu ch cc n cht cng nh cc hp cht ca nit, photpho, cacbon , silic v nhng hp cht ca chng. 2.V k nng: - Vit phng trnh ion v phng trnh rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra trong dd cht in li. - Tnh c nng ca ion H+, OH- trong cc dd axit, baz; t tnh c pH ca dd. - Lp phng trnh phn ng oxi ho- kh - Quan st, phn tch, tng hp, d on tnh cht ca cc cht. - Gii cc bi ttp nh tnh v nh lng c lin quan n tnh cht ca cc chng hc. II. Phng php : - m thoi ti hin lkin thc. - Cng c v h thng kin thc. - Dng sch gio khoa. III. Chun b : Gio vin:H thng cu hi v bi tp dnh cho n tp. Hc sinh:n tp li kin thc c hc trong hc k I. IV. Tin trnh tit dy Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: Hy cho bit th no l: cht in li, s A. KIN THC C BN CN NM: in li ? Trnh by c ch ca qu trnh in li ? I. S in li Y/c tr li: Nh SGK - Cc khi nim: cht in li. S in li. - Hc sinh vit phng trnh in li ca HNO3; H2SO4; - C ch ca qu trnh in li. Ca(OH)2; Al2(SO4)3. - Vit cc pt in li ra v sau ln bng trnh by. Hot ng 2: Nu khi nim v axit-baz theo A-reni-ut v theo Bron-stet ? So snh khi nim axit-baz theo 2 quan im trn ? - Cc khi nim axit-baz theo 2 quan im hc. - Nu khi nim v pH v ngha ca gi tr pH ? Cch - Khi nim pH. Cch xc nh pH v ngha ca pH. xc nh pH ? - Lm cc VD ra v ghi sau ln bng trnh by (Hai HS ln bng). VD 1: trong cc cht cho sau y, cht no l axit, baz, trung tnh, lng tnh theo Bron-stet ? HNO3, KOH, CH3COO-, Na+, HCO3-, NH4+ . VD 2: Tnh pH ca dd trong cc trng hp sau y: a) Dung dch H2SO4 0,05M. b) Dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,005M.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang (Coi rng s in li xy ra hon ton).
II, Nhm VA (nhm Cacbon). Hot ng 3: Tnh cht chung ca cc nguyn t nhm - Tnh cht chung ca cc nguyn t nhm VA. VA ? So snh tnh cht ho hc ca Nit v photpho ? - So snh tnh cht ca Nit v Photpho. Hot ng 4: Tnh cht ho hc ca N2, NH3, HNO3 v cc mui amoni, mui nitrat. Y/c HS chun b ra v sau kim tra v ca HS. Hot ng 4: Tnh cht ca Photpho, axit phtphoric v mui photphat ? - Y/c HS chun b ra v v trnh by. Hot ng 5: Khi nim phn bn ho hc ? Cc loi phn bn ho hc ? ngha ca mi loi phn bn ho hc m em bit ? Hot ng 6: Nu tnh cht c bn ca C, Si v cc hp cht ca chng ?ng dng thc tin ca cc nguyn tt C, Si v hp cht ca chng ? GV la chn cc bi tp trong SGK v SBT cho HS luyn tp. - Tnh cht ca photpho v cc hp cht quan trng ca photpho. - Khi nim phn bn hc hc. Nu c 3 lo phn bn chnh v ngha ca mi loi. III, Nhm IVA (Nhm cacbon) Tnh cht ca C, Si v hp cht ca C, Si. ng dng ca cc hp cht ca C, Si. - Tnh cht ca nit v cc hp cht ca nit.
B. BI TP C BN:
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Tun : 18 KIM TRA HC K I Ngy son : 15/12/2012 Tit : 36 Ngy dy : 19/12/2012 I. Mc tiu : - Rn k nng lm bi ca HS. - Gip phn loi, nh gi HS. II. Chun b : Gio vin: kim tra v p n chi tit. 1. Hc sinh : n tp kin thc ca c hc k. III. Tin trnh tit dy A. PHN BI I. TRC NGHIM: Hy chn phng n ng trong cc cu sau y: cu 1. Mt dd c nng ca ion OH- l 0,001M. Gi tr pH ca dd l: A. 7 B. 9 C. 11 * D. 12 Cu2. NH3 c th tc dng vi tt cc cht trong dy no sau y trong iu kin thch hp ? A. dd HCl; dd KOH; N2; O2; P2O5 . B. dd HCl; dd CuCl2; Cl2; CuO; O2 .* C. dd Ca(OH)2; H2S; Cl2; AgCl; H2. D. dd CuSO4; dd K2CO3; FeO; HNO3. Cu3. Axit photphoric l: A. mt axit mnh B. mt axit c mnh trung bnh. C. mt tri axit D. C B v C u ng. * Cu4. Trong phn ng ca Cu vi dd HNO3 to kh NO, tng h s ca cc cht trong PTHH l: A. 17 B. 19 C. 20 * D. 18 Cu5. Ho tan 0,6g kim loi M vo dd HNO3 d thu c 0,112 lt kh nit (ktc). M l kim loi no sau y ? A. Fe B. Cu C. Ca D. Mg * Cu 6. C 3 ng nghim mt nhn ng 3 dd axit c ring bit l HNO3; HCl; H2SO4. Nu ch dng mt ho cht nhn bit cc dd trn th dng ho cht no sau y? A. Cu * B. Fe C. Al D. dd AgNO3 B. T LUN cu 7. Vit PTHH hon thnh s phn ng sau(ghi r k nu c): N2 NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 NH4NO3 N2O Cu8 . Ho tan 5,76g Cu trong 150 ml dd HNO3 2M ch thu c NO duy nht. a) Tnh th tch NO thu c ( ktc) ? b) Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng ? Cu9. a) Vit cc PTHH thc hin bin ho sau: Ca3(PO4)2 H3PO4 Ca(H2PO4)2 b) Tnh khi lng dd H2SO4 70% dng iu ch c 468kg Ca(HPO4)2 theo s bin ho trn. Bit hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 80%.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang P N: A. trc nghim (3) : mi cu ng cho 0,5 Cu th p n chn 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 C
5 D
6 A
B. T lun: Cu 7 (3): Vit ng mi PTHH ( iu kin, nu c) cho 0,5 Nu vit sai PT, hoc sai cng thc ho hc th cho 0 Nu PT khng cn bng hoc thiu iu kin th tr 1/2 s im ca PT . Cu 8) (2,0) a) S mol Cu= 0,09 mol ; HNO3 = 0,3 mol PTHH: 3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O X c Cu ht , HNO3 d. 0,5 Tnh VNO (ktc): Theo PTHH ta c s mol NO= 1/4 s mol HNO3 = 0,04 mol Suy ra VNO = 0,04.22,4 = 0,896 lt 0,5 c) tnh c s mol Cu(NO3)2 = 0,09 mol s mol HNO3 d = 0,06 mol 0,5 suy ra nng mol ca Cu(NO3)2 = 0,09/0,15= 0,6M HNO3 = 0,06/0,15 = 0,4M 0,5 Cu9) (2,0) a) vit c mi pt, cho 0,5 Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 2H3PO4 + 3CaSO4 (1) Ca3(PO4)2 + 4H3PO4 3Ca(H2PO4)2 (2) b) ta c s : 6H2SO4 4H3PO4 3Ca(H2PO4)2 , Kg 588 702 x 468 x= 392 kg 0,5 khi lng dd H2SO4 70% dng vi h=80% l: 392.100.100 m= = 700kg 0,5 70.80
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Tun : 20 CHNG IV : I CNG HA HC HU C Ngy son : 29/12/2012 Tit : 37 BI 25 : HA HC HU C V HP CHT HU C Ngy dy : 02/01/2013 I.Mc tiu : 1. Kin thc: HS bit. - Khi nim hp cht hu c, ho hc hu c v c im chung ca hp cht hu c. - Mt vi phng php tch bit v tinh ch hp cht hc c. 2. K nng. HS nm c mt s thao tc tch bit v tinh ch hp cht hu c. II. Chun b: - Dng c: B dng c chng ct v phu chit, bnh tam gic, giy lc, phu. - Tranh v b dng c chng ct. - Ho cht: Nc, du n. III. Tin trnh tit dy: 1. n nh t chc : 2. Bi mi Hot ng N dung Hot ng 1: I. Hp cht hu c v ho hc hu c. GV yu cu HS nhc li khi nim v hp cht 1. Khi nim hp cht hu c v ho hc hu c. hu c, ho hc hu c. - Hp cht hu c l hp cht ca cacbon ( tr CO, CO2, mui cacbonat, xianua, cacbua,... ) - Ho hc hu c l ngnh Ho hc chuyn nghin cu cc hp cht hu c. Hot ng 2: 2. c im chung ca cc hp cht hu c. - GV a ra mt s th d v hp cht hu c HS a. Thnh phn cu to: bit: CH4, C2H4, C2H5OH... - Nht thit phi cha cacbon, ngoi ra cn c: H, O, N, S, P, - HS cho bit v thnh phn cu to ? halogen... - HS vit cng thc cu to v cho bit c im - Lin kt ho hc cc hp cht hu c thng l lin kt lin kt trong phn t ? cng ho tr. - GV yu cu HS nhn xt: + Thnh phn phn t, cu to phn t trong cc hp cht hu c. + Lin kt ho hc ch yu trong phn t cht h c. Hot ng 3: HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu tnh b. Tnh cht vt l: cht vt l v tnh cht ho hc chung ca cc - Thng c nhit nng chy, nhit si thp. hp cht hu c ? - Thng khng tan hoc t tan trong nc, d tan trong cc dung mi hu c. c. Tnh cht ho hc: - a s hp cht hu c b chy khi t, km bn nhit, d b phn hu. - Phn ng ca hp cht hu c thng xy ra chm, khng hon ton, khng theo mt hng nht nh, thng cn un nng hoc cn xc tc. Hot ng 4: II. Phng php tch bit v tinh ch hp cht hu c. GV nu mt s th d v s chng ct: ru, tinh 1. Phng php chng ct: du - C s ca phng php chng ct l da vo nhit si Y/C HS rt ra : C s ca s chng ct l da khc nhau ca cc cht lng trong hn hp. vo nhit si khc nhau ca cc cht lng - Khi nim chng ct: Chng ct l qu trnh lm ho hi v trong hn hp. ngng t ca cc cht lng trong hn hp. GV: S dng b dng c lp rp nh hnh v trong SGK.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng 5: GV nu mt s th d v phng php chit, lm th nghim cho du n vo nc, chit ly du n. Y/c HS rt ra c s ca phng php chit. GV: Ly thm th d: ngm ru thuc, ngm hoa qu... Hot ng 6: GV nu mt s th d v s kt tinh: Kt tinh mui n, kt tinh ng. Y/c HS rt ra c s ca phng php kt tinh.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC 2. Phng php chit: - C s ca phng php chit: Da vo tan khc nhau trong nc hoc trong dung mi khc ca cc cht lng, rn. - Ni dung phng php chit: dng dng c ( phu chit ) tch cc cht lng khng ho tan vo nhau ra khi nhau. 3. Phng php kt tinh: - C s ca phng php kt tinh: da vo tan khc nhau ca cc cht rn theo nhit . - Ni dung: Ho tan cht rn vo dung mi n bo ho, lc tp cht, ri c cn, cht rn tronh dd s kt tinh ra khi dd theo nhit .
IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : C s v ni dung ca cc phng php tch bit, tinh ch hp cht hu c. Cu 1. Chn khi nim ng nht v ho hc Hu c. Ho hc Hu c l ngnh khoa hc nghin cu: A. cc hp cht ca cacbon. B. cc hp cht ca cacbon, tr CO, CO2. C. cc hp cht ca cacbon, tr CO, CO2, mui cacbonat, cc xianua. D. cc hp cht ch c trong c th sng. Cu 2. Cho hn hp hai cht l etanol (ts = 78,3oC) v axit axetic (ts = 118oC). tch ring tng cht, ngi ta s dng phng php no sau y: A. Chit. B. Chng ct thng. C. Lc v kt tinh li. D. Chng ct p sut thp. Cu 3. Thuc tnh no sau y khng phi l ca cc hp cht hu c? A. Khng bn nhit cao. B. Kh nng phn ng ho hc chm, theo nhiu hng khc nhau. C. Lin kt ho hc trong hp cht hu c thng l lin kt ion. D. D bay hi v d chy hn hp cht v c. Cu 4. Cho cc cht: CaC2, CO2, HCHO, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, NaCN, CaCO3. S cht hu c trong s cc cht cho l: A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 5. tch actemisin, mt cht c trong cy thanh hao hoa vng ch thuc chng st rt, ngi ta lm nh sau: ngm l v thn cy thanh hao hoa vng bm nh trong n-hexan. Tch phn cht lng, un v ngng t thu hi n-hexan. Phn cn li l cht lng st c cho qua ct sc k v cho cc dung mi thch hp chy qua thu tng thnh phn ca tinh du. K thut no sau y khng c s dng? A. Chng ct. B. Chng ct li cun hi nc. C. Chit xut. D. Kt tinh li. Cu 6. Du m l mt hn hp nhiu hirocacbon. c cc sn phm nh xng, du ho, mazut trong nh my lc du s dng phng php tch no? A. Chng ct thng. B. Chng ct phn on. C. Chng ct p sut thp. D. Chng ct li cun hi nc. 2 Dn d : Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 SGK trang 104. 3 Rt kinh nghim (nu c ):
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Tun : 20 CHNG IV : I CNG HA HC HU C Ngy son : 29/12/2012 Tit : 38 BI 26 : PHN LOI V GI TN HP CHT HU C Ngy dy : 03/01/2013 I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit. - Phn loi hp cht hu c. - Gi tn mch cacbon chnh gm t 1 n 10 nguyn t C. 2. K nng: HS c k nng gi tn hp cht hu c theo cng thc cu to v k nng t tn gi vit cng thc cu to. II. Chun b: - Tranh phng to hnh 4.4 SGK. - M hnh mt s phn t trong hnh 4.4 SGK. - Bng ph s m v tn mch cacbon chnh. - Bng s phn loi hp cht hu c. III. Tin trnh tit dy: 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : C s v ni dung ca cc phng php tch bit, tinh ch hp cht hu c. 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1(trng tm). I. Phn loi hp cht hu c. GV hng dn HS nghin cu thnh phn phn 1. Phn loi: 2 loi: Hirocac bon v dn xut ca HyC t mt s cht hu c hc t rt ra khi - Hirocacbon l nhng hp cht c to thnh bi cc nim v hirocacbon v dn xut ca nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t C v H. hirocacbon. - Dn xut ca hirocacbon l nhng hp cht m trong phn VD: CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C6H6... t ngoi C, H ra cn c mt hay nhiu nguyn t ca cc VD: CH3Cl, CH3OH, HCOOH... nguyn t khc nh O, N, S, halogen... Hot ng 2: 2. Nhm chc: GV yu cu HS vit mt s phng trnh ho CH3-CH2-OH + Na CH3-CH2-ONa + 1/2H2. hc ca phn ng hu c bit. CH3-CH2-OH + HBr CH3-CH2-Br + H2O. Nhn xt v cc nguyn t, nhm nguyn t gy Kt lun: Nhm chc l nhm nguyn t gy ra nhng phn ra phn ng. Rt ra khi nim v nhm chc. ng c trng ca phn t hp cht hu c. II. Danh php hp cht hu c. Hot ng 3: 1. Tn thng thng: GV cho HS nghin cu SGK rt ra nhn xt tn - t theo ngun tm ra cht. thng thng ca cc hp cht hu c. - i khi phn ui trong tn gi ch loi cht. VD: HCOOH axit fomic. CH3COOH axit axetic. Hot ng 4(trng tm). 2. Tn h thng theo danh php IUPAC. GV ly th d hp cht hu c HS bit cng a. Tn gc - chc: Tn phn gc + Tn phn nh chc. thc, yu cu HS gi tn, GV gi HS phn VD: CH3CH2-Cl etyl clorua. tch thnh phn tn gi. Rt ra kt lun cch gi CH3CH2-O-COCH3 etyl axetat. tn hp cht hu c theo kiu gc - chc. CH3CH2-O-CH3 etyl metyl ete. Hot ng 5: b. Tn thay th: - Trc ht GV cho HS nghin cu s m v Tn phn th + Tn mch ccbon chnh + Tn phn nh chc. tn ca mch ccbon theo IUPAC. Vn dng gi CH3- CH3 CH3 - CH2Cl CH2 = CH2 HC CH tn mt s mch ccbon. et + an clo + et + an. et + en et + in - GV hng dn HS phn tch thnh phn mt s (etan) (Cloetan) (Eten) (Etin)
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang tn gi.
CH2 = CH -CH2 -CH3 CH3-CH(OH)-CH=CH2
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC but-1-en but-3-en-2-ol
IV. Cng c v dn d 1. Cng c : s dng cc bi tp 1, 2, 3 SGK cng c bi. 2 Dn d : Bi tp v nh: Bi 4, 5, 6, 7 SGK trang 109 v 110. 3 Rt kinh nghim (nu c ): Tun : 20 CHNG IV : I CNG HA HC HU C Ngy son : 29/12/2012 Tit : 39 BI 26 : PHN TCH NGUYN T Ngy dy : 03/01/2013 I.Mc tiu 1. Kin thc: HS bit. - Nguyn tc phn tch nh tnh v nh lng nguyn t. - Cch tnh hm lng phn trm nguyn t t kt qu phn tch. 2. K nng: Rn luyn k nng tnh hm lng phn trm nguyn t t kt qu phn tch. II. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, gi , phu thu tinh, giy lc, bng, ng dn kh. - Ho cht: Glucoz, CuSO4 (khan), CuO (bt), dd Ca(OH)2, dd AgNO3, CHCl3, C2H5OH. III. Tin trnh tit dy: 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : Nu cng thc tnh %nguyn t trong mt hp cht. nh lut bo ton khi lng . 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: (trng tm) I. Phn tch nh tnh: GV nu mc ch v nguyn tc phn tch nh 1. Xc nh cacbon v hiro. tnh. HS nhn xt hin tng rt ra kt lun: + CuO ;t 0 GV lm th nghim phn tch glucoz (theo Glucoz CO2 + H2O hng dn SGK) Nhn ra CO2: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 (dd) CaCO3 + H2O GV cho HS nhn xt hin tng v rt ra kt Nhn ra H2O: (vn c) lun. CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O (mu trng) ( mu xanh) Kt lun: Trong thnh phn ca glucoz c nguyn t C v H. 2. Xc nh nit: Hot ng 2: Khi un vi axit sunfuric c, nit c trong mt s hp cht GV cho HS nghin cu SGK rt ra kt lun hu c c th chuyn thnh mui amoni v c nhn bit phng php xc nh s c mt ca nit trong di dng amoniac. hp cht hu c. H 2 SO4 ;t 0 VD: CxHyOzNt (NH4)2SO4+... (NH4)2SO4+ 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2NH3 3. Xc nh halogen: Hot ng 3: Khi t, hp cht hu c cha clo b phn hu, clo tch ra di GV lm th nghim xc nh halogen. GV cho HS nhn xt hin tng, gii thch rt ra dng HCl v c nhn bit bng AgNO3. CxHyOzClt CO2 + H2O + HCl phng php xc nh s c mt ca halogen trong hp cht hu c. HCl + AgNO3 AgCl + HNO3 II. Phn tch nh lng: Hot ng 4: 1. nh lng ccbon, hiro: GV nu nguyn tc php phn tch nh lng. - Hm lng hiro tnh t khi lg nc. GV cho HS quan st s phn tch nh lng m H 2O .2.100% C, H tm hiu vai tr ca cc cht trong cc thit %mH = 18.m A b, th t lp cc thit b. - Hm lng C tnh t khi lg CO2.
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang %mC = Hot ng 5: HS nghin cu s phn tch inh lng nit trong SGK. Rt ra nhn xt v phng php phn tch nh lng nit. Hot ng 6: Di s hng dn ca gio vin, hc sinh nghin cu SGK rt ra cch nh lng cc nguyn t khc.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC mCO 2 .12.100% 44.m A 2. nh lng nit: Nung m gam hp cht A cha N vi CuO trong dng kh CO2. ;t 0 CxHyOzNt CuO CO2 + H2O + N2 m N .100% 28.V mN = (g). %mN = 22,4 mA 3. nh lng cc nguyn t khc: - nh lng halogen: Chuyn halogen thnh HX, nh lng di dng AgX ( X = Cl, Br ). - nh lng S: Chuyn thnh SO2 hoc mui sunfat ri nh lng. - nh lng O: (thng nh lng sau cng) mO = mA - mC - mH - mS - ... 4. Th d: SGK.
Hot ng 7: GV cho HS c k th d trong SGK, vn dng bi hc xc nh hm lng phn trm ca C, H, N, O hp cht A.
IV. Cng c v dn d 1. Cng c : Bi 1 : Hai cht hu c X v Y( C,H,O) l ng ng k tip nhau. Phn trm khi lng oxi ln lt l 53,33 v 43,24. X v Y u tc dng vi Na. CTCT ca X v Y? Hd: X v Y l ng ng k tip nhau c %O cng ln mch HyC cng nh X ng trc Y . Gi X : CxHyOz Y : Cx+1Hy+2Oz 16 z 16 z = 53,33 v = 43, 24 . Gi 12x +y +16z = a Ta c 12 x + y + 16 z 12 x + y + 16 z + 14 a = 0,81 a = 60 C3H8O (v X v Y u tc dng vi Na nn X v Y c th l ancol hoc axit ) ta c : a + 14 2 Dn d : Bi tp v nh: Bi 4, 5, SGK trang 109 v 110. 3 Rt kinh nghim (nu c ):
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Tun : 21 CHNG IV : I CNG HA HC HU C Ngy son : 06/01/2013 Tit : 40 BI 28 : CNG THC PHN T HP CHT HU C Ngy dy : 07/01/2013 I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit cc khi nim v ngha: Cng thc n gin nht, cng thc phn t hp cht hu c. 2. K nng: HS bit: - Cch thit lp cng thc n gin nht t kt qu phn tch nguyn t. - Cch tnh phn t khi v cch thit lp cng thc phn t. II. Chun b: HS: My tnh b ti. III. Tin trnh tit dy: 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : Nu cng thc tnh %nguyn t trong mt hp cht. nh lut bo ton khi lng . 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Cng thc n gin nht. GV yu cu HS vit CTPT mt s cht bit, 1. Cng thc phn t(CTPT) v cng thc n gin tm t l s nguyn t tng nguyn t trong mi nht(CTGN). cng thc, suy ra cng thc n gin nht. - Cng thc phn t cho bit s nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c HS nu ngha ca CTPT v cng thc n gin trong phn t. nht. - Cng thc n gin nht cho bit t l s nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c trong phn t ( t l cc s nguyn ti gin ). VD: CTPT C2H4 C2H4O2 T l s nguyn t: 1 : 2 1:2:1 Cng thc G nht: CH2 CH2O Hot ng 2: 2. Thit lp cng thc n gin nht: Di s hng dn ca gio vin, hc sinh ln a. Th d: lt gii bi ton th d trong SGK theo cc t CTPT ca A l CxHyOz. bc. Thit lp cng thc n gin ca A l lp t l x : y : z dng cc s nguyn ti gin 73,14 7,24 19,62 x:y:z= : : 12 1 16 = 6,095 : 7,240 : 1,226 = 4,971 : 5,905 : 1,000 = 5:6:1 Cng thc n gin nht ca A l: C5H6O. Hot ng 3: b. Tng qut: Thng qua th d trn, hc sinh rt ra s tng T kt qu phn tch nguyn t hp cht qut xc nh cng thc n gin nht. CxHyOzNt ta lp t l s nguyn t ri chuyn t l thnh t s ti gin. %C % H %O % N x:y:z:t= : : : 12 1 16 14
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC = ... = p : q : r : s Hot ng 4: II. Thit lp cng thc phn t: HS cn c vo kin thc hc (bi mol, th tch 1. Xc nh khi lng mol phn t: mol phn t), rt ra cc biu thc tnh khi lng - i vi cht kh v cht lng d ho hi: mol phn t, t khi lng mol phn t suy ra MA = MB . dA/B. phn t khi. MA = 29 . dA/KK. GV ly th d minh ho. - i vi cht rn v cht lng kh ho hi ngi ta s dng nh lut Ra-un. - Ngy nay ngi ta cn dng phng php khi ph lng. Hot ng 5: 2. Thit lp cng thc phn t: T th d SGK, gio vin hng dn hc sinh a. Th d: cc bc thc hin cch lp CTPT mt hp cht. -Thit lp CTPT ca A qua CTGN. - C th thit lp cng thc phn t thng qua Bc 1: Xc nh khi lng mol cng thc n gin nht hoc khng thng qua MA = 164 ( g/mol ) cng thc n gin nht. Bc 2: Cn c u bi tm cng thc n gin: C5H6O Bc 3: Xc nh CTTQ (C5H6O)n suy ra n = 2. Vy CTPT ca A: C10H12O2. -Thit lp CTPT ca A khng qua CTGN ( SGK ). Hot ng 6: b. Tng qut: GV gi hc sinh bit cch lp CTPT thng Thit lp cng thc phn t qua cng thc n gin nht l qua cng thc n gin nht. cch thc tng qut hn c. CTGN: CpHqOrNs CTPT: CxHyOzNt M = (CpHqOrNs)n M n= 12 p + q + 16r + 14 s IV. Cng c v dn d 1. Cng c : GV s dng bi tp 1, 2 trong SGK cng c bi. Cu 1 Hp cht X c thnh phn % v khi lng : C (85,8%) v H (14,2%). Hp cht X l: A. C3H8. B. C4H10. C. C4H8. D. C5H10. Cu 2 Hp cht X c %C = 54,54% ; %H = 9,1%, cn li l oxi. Khi lng phn t ca X bng 88. CTPT ca X l: A. C4H10O. B. C5H12O. C. C4H10O2. D. C4H8O2. Cu 3 Phn tch hp cht hu c X thy c 3 phn khi lng cacbon li c 1 phn khi lng hiro, 7 phn khi lng nit v 8 phn lu hunh. Trong CTPT ca X ch c 1 nguyn t S, vy CTPT ca X l A. CH4NS. B. C2H2N2S. C. C2H6NS. D. CH4N2S. Cu 4 Mt hp cht hu c gm C, H, O ; trong cacbon chim 61,22% v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht l: A. C3H6O2. B. C2H2O3. C. C5H6O2. D. C4H10O. 2 Dn d : - Bi tp v nh: Bi 3, 4 SGK trang 118 v cc bi trong sch bi tp. - Chun b bi phn l thuyt v bi tp cho tit luyn tp . 3. Rt kinh nghim :
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Tun : 21 Tit : 39
CHNG IV : I CNG HA HC HU C BI 29 : LUYN TP CHT HU C, CNG THC PHN T
Ngy son : 06/01/2013 Ngy dy : 07/01/2013
A.Mc tiu: 1. Cng c kin thc: Cng c kin thc v. - Cc phng php tch bit v tinh ch hp cht hu c. - Cc phng php phn tch nh tnh v nh lng hp cht hu c. 2. Rn luyn k nng. Rn luyn k nng xc nh cng thc phn t t kt qu phn tch. B. Chun b: - HS n li cc kin thc bi 25, 26, 27, 28. - Lm trc cc bi tp SGK trang 121. - Bng ph nh s SGK. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Cng c l thuyt: + Hn hp cht hu c: - GV dng s nh trong SGK nhng - Chng ct: Tch cc cht lng c nhit si khc trng, ch ghi mc. nhau. - Chit: Tch cc cht lng khng trn ln vo nhau hoc tch cht ho tan ra khi cht rn khng tan. - Kt tinh: Tch cc cht rn c tan thay i theo nhit - HS in nhng thng tin cn thiu. . + Hp cht hu c tinh khit: - Phn tch nh tnh. - Phn tch nh lng: %C, %H, %N, ... %O. - Cng thc n gin nht: CpHqOrNs - Xc nh khi lng mol phn t - GV kim tra, cht li kin thc trng tm. MA = MB.dA/B MA = (CpHqOrNs)n n + Cng thc phn t: CxHyOzNt = (CpHqOrNs)n Hot ng 2: II. Bi tp: - GV la chn bi tp ph hp trong SGK hoc Bi 1(SGK): thit k thm bi tp giao cc nhm hc sinh a. hn hp hi / un si. thc hin. b. nhit si/ tan c. khng trn ln / cht rn / trong hn hp rn. d. s thay i tan .
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang - Sau mi bi tp GV cn khc su li kin thc lin quan cho hc sinh.
- GV hng dn hc sinh lm bi tp.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Bi 2(SGK): a). %O = 100% - ( 49,40% + 9,80% + 19,10% ) = 21,70% MA d( A/kk ) = = 2,52 MA = 73 (g/mol) 29 y 12 x 16 z 14t MA = = = = %C %H %O % N 100 y 12 x 16 z 14t 73 = = = = = 0,73 49,4 9,8 21,7 19,1 100 x = 3 ; y = 7 ; z = 1 ; t = 1. Vy cng thc A : C3H7ON b. %O = 100% - (54,54% + 9,09%) = 36,37%. MB = dB/CO 2 . 44 = 2. 44 = 88 (g/mol). y 12 x 16 z 88 = = = = 0,88 54,54 9,09 36,37 100 x = 4 ; y = 8 ; z = 2. Vy cng thc ca B l: C4H8O2
IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : H thng li kin thc trng tm qua cc bi tp l thuyt v bi ton . 2. Dn d : Bi 3, 4, 5 SGK trang 121 v cc bi trong sch bi tp. Bi tp v nh : 1. Oxi ha hon ton 6,15 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 2,25 gam H2O ; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt N2 (kc). Phn trm khi lng ca C, H, N v O trong X ln lt l: A. 58,5% ; 4,1% ; 11,4% ; 26%. B. 48,9% ; 15,8% ; 35,3% ; 0%. C. 49,5% ; 9,8% ; 15,5% ; 25,2%. D. 59,1 % ; 17,4% ; 23,5% ; 0%. 2. Phn tch 0,31gam hp cht hu c X ch cha C, H, N to thnh 0,44 gam CO2. Mt khc, nu phn tch 0,31 gam X ton b N trong X chuyn thnh NH3 ri dn NH3 va to thnh vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,4M th phn axit d c trung ha bi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1,4M. Bit 1 lt hi cht X (ktc) nng 1,38 gam. CTPT ca X l: A. CH5N. B. C2H5N2. C. C2H5N. D. CH6N. 3. t chy 200 ml hi mt hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O trong 900 ml O2, th tch hn hp kh thu c l 1,3 lt. Sau khi ngng t hi nc ch cn 700 ml. Tip theo cho qua dung dch KOH d ch cn 100 ml kh bay ra. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca Y l: A. C3H6O. B. C3H8O2. C. C3H8O. D. C3H6O2. 3. Rt kinh nghim :
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Tun : 21-22 CHNG IV : I CNG HA HC HU C Ngy son : 06/01/2013 Tit : 42,43 BI 30 : CU TRC PHN T HP CHT HU C Ngy dy : 08/01/2013 I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: Khi nim v ng phn cu to, ng phn lp th. HS hiu: Nhng lun im c bn ca thuyt cu to ho hc. 2. K nng: HS bit vit cng thc cu to ca cc hp cht hu c. II. Chun b: - M hnh rng v m hnh c ca phn t etan. - M hnh phn t cis-but-2-en v trans-but-2-en. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1(trng tm) I. Thuyt cu to ho hc: GV vit CTCT ca 2 cht ng vi CTPT C2H6O, 1. Ni dung thuyt cu to ho hc. ghi tnh cht c bn nht. a. Lun im 1: Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cc nguyn t HS so snh 2 cht v: thnh phn, cu to phn lin kt vi nhau theo ng ho tr v theo mt th t nht t, tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc nh. Th t lin kt c gi l cu to ho hc. S thay T s so snh, HS rt ra lun im 1. i th t lin kt , tc l thay i cu to ho hc, s to ra hp cht khc. VD: CH3 - CH2 - O - H Cht lng tc dng vi natri, giI phng H2. CH3 - O - CH3 Cht kh khng tc dng vi natri. Hot ng 2: (Trng tm) b. Lun im 2: Trong phn t hp cht hu c, cacbon c GV vit cng thc cu to ca 3 cht trong SGK. ho tr 4. Nguyn t cacbon khng nhng c th lin kt vi HS nhn xt v rt ra lun im 2. nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc m cn lin kt vi nhau thnh mch cacbon. VD: CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 Mch khng phn nhnh. CH3 - CH - CH3 CH3 CH2 - CH2 CH2 CH2 - CH2 c. Lun im 3: SGK Mch vng. Mch c nhnh.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng 3: (Trng tm) GV nu th d v 2 cht c cng s lng nguyn t nhng khc nhau v thnh phn phn t. HS nhn xt v rt ra lun im 3. Hot ng 4: (Trng tm) GV ly th d 2 dy ng ng nh trong SGK. GV nhn mnh 2 ni dung quan trng: - Thnh phn phn t hn km nhau n nhm CH2 - C tnh cht tng t nhau.
Hot ng 5: GV s dng mt s th d nhng cht khc nhau c cng CTPT HS rt ra nh ngha ng phn.
Hot ng 6: GV cho HS nhc li khi nim v lin kt , lin kt hc lp 10.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC - Ph thuc vo thnh phn phn t. VD: CH4 Cht kh, d chy. CCl4 Cht lng, khng chy. - Ph thuc cu to ho hc. CH3CH2OH v CH3OCH3 khc nhau v tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ho hc. 2. Hin tng ng phn. a. ng ng. VD: - Dy ng ng ankan. CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10 ... CnH2n+2 - Dy ng ng ancol no n chc. CH3OH, C2H5OH, C3H7OH ... CnH2n+1OH. - Khi nim : Nhng h/c c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2 nhng c t/c ho hc tng t nhau l nhng cht ng ng, chng hp thnh dy ng ng. b. ng phn. VD: C2H6O c 2 ng phn. CH3 - CH2 - O - H v CH3 - O - CH3 C3H6O2 c 3 ng phn. CH3COOCH3 ; HCOOC2H5 v CH3CH2COOH. Khi nim ng phn: Nhng hp cht khc nhng c cng cng thc phn t l nhng cht ng phn. II. Lin kt trong phn t hp cht hu c. 1. Cc loi lin kt trong phn t hp cht hu c. - Lin kt to bi 1 cp electron dng chung l lin kt n. Lin kt n thuc loi lin kt . VD: CH3 - CH3. - Lin kt to bi 2 cp electron dng chung l lin kt i. Lin kt i gm 1 lin kt v 1 lin kt . VD: CH2 = CH2. - Lin kt to bi 3 cp electron dng chung l lin kt ba. Lin kt ba gm 1 lin kt v 2 lin kt . 2. Cc loi cng thc cu to: - Cng thc cu to khai trin. - Cng thc cu to thu gn. - Cng thc cu to thu gn nht. III. ng phn cu to: 1. Khi nim ng phn cu to: a) Th d: VD: C4H10O c cc ng phn cu to. C4H9OH ; C2H5OC2H5 ... b) Kt lun: Vy nhng hp cht c cng CTPT nhng c cu to ho hc khc nhau gi l nhng ng phn cu to. 2. Phn loi ng phn cu to: VD: C4H10O c cc loi ng phn cu to. - Chc ancol: + Khng nhnh: CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH ; CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 + C nhnh: CH3CH(CH3)CH2-OH - Chc ete: + Khng nhnh: CH3OCH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2OCH2CH3 - 67 -
GV khai thc th d trong SGK cng c cc khi nim lin kt n, lin kt i, lin kt ba. Hot ng 7: GV cho hc sinh nghin cu SGK rt ra cc khi nim v cc loi CTCT. Hot ng 8: GV cho HS nghin cu th d trong SGK rt ra kt lun v ng phn cu to. GV cho HS vit tt c cc CTCT ca cc cht ng vi CTPT C4H10O. T rt ra kt lun v 3 loi ng phn cu to nh trong SGK.
GV hng dn HS vit cc CTCT.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng 9: HS quan st cc cng thc lp th trong SGK, GV nu quy c cc nt dng biu din cng thc lp th. GV dng m hnh HS d quan st.
GV gii thiu m hnh phn t rng, c. Hot ng 10: HS quan st m hnh khng gian 2 cch sp xp cc nguyn t H v Cl c cng cong thc cu to CHCl = CHCl, nhn xt v v tr khng gian ca cc nguyn t.
GV hng dn HS nghin cu s mi quan h gia ng phn cu to v ng phn lp th phn bit 2 loi ng phn ny. Hot ng 11: GV ly th d v cu to ho hc v cu trc ho hc. HS nhn xt, so snh rt ra kt lun im ging nhau v khc nhau gia cu to ho hc v cu trc ho hc.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC + C nhnh: CH3OCH(CH3)CH3 Kt lun: SGK. IV. Cch biu din cu trc khng gian phn t hu c. 1. Cng thc phi cnh: Cng thc phi cnh l mt loi cng thc lp th. - ng nt lin biu din lin kt nm trn mt giy. - ng nt m biu din lin kt hng v mt ta. - ng nt t biu din lin kt hng ra xa mt ta. 2. M hnh phn t: + M hnh rng. + M hnh c. V. ng phn lp th: 1. Khi nim v ng phn lp th: VD: CHCl = CHCl c 2 cch sp xp trong khng gian khc nhau. Cl Cl C=C H H Cl H C=C H Cl Kt kun: SGK. 2. Quan h gia ng phn cu to v ng phn lp th: SGK 3. Cu to ho hc v cu trc ho hc: - Cu to ho hc cho bit cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo th t no. - Cu to ho hc c biu din bng CTCT. - Cu to ho hc v cu trc khng gian ca phn t hp thnh cu trc ho hc. - Cu trc ho hc c biu din bng cng thc lp th.
IV. Cng c v dn d : 1.Cng c : *- Lin kt to bi 1 cp electron dng chung l lin kt n. Lin kt n thuc loi lin kt . VD: CH3 - CH3. - Lin kt to bi 2 cp electron dng chung l lin kt i. Lin kt i gm 1 lin kt v 1 lin kt . VD: CH2 = CH2. - Lin kt to bi 3 cp electron dng chung l lin kt ba. Lin kt ba gm 1 lin kt v 2 lin kt . * cc loi ng phn cu to. C4H10O - Chc ancol: + Khng nhnh: CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH ; CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 + C nhnh: CH3CH(CH3)CH2-OH - Chc ete: + Khng nhnh: CH3OCH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + C nhnh: CH3OCH(CH3)CH3 2. Dn d : Nm ni dung trng tm ca bi v chun b bi mi 3. Rt Kinh nghim :
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Tun : 22 CHNG IV : I CNG HA HC HU C Ngy son : 13/01/2013 Tit : 44 BI 31 : PHN NG HU C Ngy dy : 14/01/2013 I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit - Cch phn loi phn ng hu c da vo s bin i phn t cc cht u. - Cc kiu phn ct lin kt cng ho tr v mt vi tiu phn trung gian. 2. K nng: HS vn dng xc nh cc loi phn ng hu c, cc tiu phn trung gian. II. Chun b: HS n tp li mt s phn ng hu c bit lp 9. III. Tin trnh tit dy 1. n nh t chc 2. Kim tra bi c 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Phn loi phn ng hu c. 1. Phn ng th. GV yu cu hc sinh vit cc phng trnh ho Mt hoc mt nhm nguyn phn t hu c b th bi mt hc nh trong SGK v nhn xt v nguyn t hoc mt nhm nguyn t. (nhm nguyn t) ca cht trc v sau phn VD: as ng t rt ra cc khi nim v: H3C - H + Cl - Cl H3C - Cl + HCl - Phn ng th. H3C - OH + H-Br H3C - Br + HOH - Phn ng cng. 2. Phn ng cng. - Phn ng tch. Phn t hu c kt hp thm vi cc ngt hoc phn t khc. xt , t CH CH + 2H2 H3C -CH3 3. Phn ng tch. Mt vi nguyn t hoc nhm ngt b tch ra khi phn t. H + ,t H2C - CH2 H2C = CH2 + H2O H OH * Phn ng phn hu: Phn t b ph hu hon ton thnh cc nguyn t hoc cc phn t nh. t0 VD: CH4 C + 2H2 C4H10 + 5F2 4C + 10HF C6H12 + 9O2 6CO2 + 6H2O II. Cc kiu phn ct lin kt cng ho tr. 1. Phn ct ng li. Trong s phn ct ng li, i electron dng chung c chia u cho hai nguyn t lin kt to ra cc tiu phn mang electron c thn gi l gc t do. anhsangs VD: Cl . . Cl Cl. + Cl. - 69 -
GV hng dn HS vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
Hot ng 2: GV ly th d 3 trng hp phn ct lin kt nh trong SGK. GV cho hc sinh nhn xt t rt ra kin thc
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang cn nm. - GV gii thiu: Gc cacbo t do - GV thng bo thm: iu kin hnh thnh gc t do ntn? Hot ng 3: GV ly th d 2 trng hp phn ct d li nh trong SGK. GV cho hc sinh rt ra nhn xt. - GV thng bo: + Cacbocation l g ? + K hnh thnh cacbocation ? Hot ng 4: Thng qua quan h gia cc cht u, tiu phn trung gian, sn phm ca 3 th d trong SGK v gi ca GV yu cu HS rt ra nhn xt. IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : * Phn ct d li, ng li. Nu v d . * Cc loi phn ng trong ha hc hu c. - phn ng th - phn ng cng - phn ng tch - phn ng phn hy - phn ng oxi ha. 2. Dn d : Nm r cc loi phn ng , chun b bi mi . 3. Rt kinh nghim :
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC H3C . . H + Cl H3C + HCl t0 CH3 - H2C . . CH3 CH3 - H2C. + H3C. Gc CH3. ; CH3CH2. gi l gc cacbo t do. 2. Phn ct d li. - Trong s phn ct d li, nguyn t c A ln hn chim c cp electron dng chung tr thnh anion ; cn nguyn t c A nh hn b mt mt electron tr thnh cation. VD: H2O + H . . Cl H3O+ + Cl(CH3)3C . . Br (CH3)C+ + Br3. c tnh chung ca gc cacbo t do v cacbocation. - Tiu phn trung gian l cc gc cacbo t do ( k hiu R* ); cacbocation l cation m in tch dng nguyn t cacbon (k hiu R+ ) - c tnh chung ca tiu phn trung gian: rt khng bn, thi gian tn ti ngn ngi, kh nng phn ng cao.
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Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Tun : 22 Tit : 45
CHNG IV : I CNG HA HC HU C BI 32 : LUYN TP CU TRC PHN T HP CHT HU C
Ngy son : 13/01/2013 Ngy dy : 15/01/2013
I.Mc tiu: 1. Cng c kin thc: HS bit: - Cch biu din cng thc cu to v cu trc khng gian ca cc phn t hu c n gin. - Phn bit cc loi ng phn cu to v ng phn lp th. HS hiu: - Nhng lun im c bn ca thuyt cu to ho hc. 2. rn luyn k nng: - HS nm vng cch xc nh cng thc phn t t kt qu phn tch. - HS vit c cng thc cu to ca cc hp cht hu c. II. Chun b: GV: Bng ph nh s trong SGK nhng trng cc trong bng. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Cng c kin thc. - HS trnh by ni dung nh s trong SGK , * Cch biu din cng thc cu to ca mt cht theo cc t rt ra: cch biu din khc nhau: Cng thc Li-ut; cng thc cu to + Cc cch biu din cu to v cu trc phn t khai trin; cng thc cu to thu gn v cng thc cu to thu cht hu c. gn nht. + Phn bit ng phn cu to v ng phn lp VD: vit cc loi cng thc nu trn i vi ru etylic. th. * Cng cng thc phn t, cng cng thc cu to, khc nhau + Phn bit cc loi ng phn cu to. v cu trc khng gian ca phn t. ng phn lp th (ng phn hnh hc) + Cng thc phi cnh. + M hnh rng. + M hnh c II. Bi tp: Hot ng 2: Bi 1:Chng ct, chit, kt tinh. Th d: GV la chn bi tp ph hp vi mc ch Nu ru: chng ct. cng c kin thc. Ngm ru thuc: chit. Sn xut ng: kt tinh v chit. Bi 3: 53,45 7,01 8,92 30,62 : : : = 7 : 11 : 1 : 3 12 1 14 16 Chia HS thnh cc nhm tho lun v gii quyt Parametaion c cng thc tng qut:
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 71 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang cc bi tp trong SGk
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC (C7H11NO3)n v c khi lng mol phn t = 157 g/mol. n = 1; Cng thc phn t ca Parametaion l C7H11NO3 Phn t khi ca Parametaion l s l v c s nguyn t hiro l s l. Bi 6: a. S b. c. S d.
IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : H thng li cc php ton , cc phng php gii bi tp. 2. Dn d : yu cu hc sinh chun b bi mi 3. Rt kinh nghim : Tun : 23 CHNG V : HIDROCACBON NO Ngy son : 20/01/2013 Tit : 46 BI 33 : ANKAN Ngy dy : 21/01/2013 NG NG NG PHN DANH PHP I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: * HS bit: - S hnh thnh lin kt v cu trc khng gian ca ankan. - Gi tn cc ankan vi mch chnh khng qu 10 nguyn t C. * HS vn dng: - Vit cc khi nim ng ng, ng phn ca ankan. 2. K nng: Vit cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to ca cc ankan. III. Chun b: - M hnh phn t propan ; butan v isobutan. - Bng 5.1 SGK. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : khng kim tra. 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. ng ng, ng phn. HS nhc li khi nim ng ng hc, GV 1. ng ng: yu cu HS vit cng thc phn t mt s cht Metan (CH4), etan (C2H6), propan (C3H8) ng ng ca CH4 ri suy ra cng thc tng .... c cng thc chung l CnH2n+2 (n 1). qut v khi nim dy ng ng ca metan. Chng hp thnh dy ng ng gi l dy ng ng ca metan. Hot ng 2: 2. ng phn: GV cho HS vit cng thc cu to ca cht hu a. ng phn mch cacbon. c c CTPT C4H10 v C5H12 C4H10 c 2 ng phn cu to: GV ghi cc gi tr nhit nng chy ; nhit CH3CH2CH2CH3 butan ; tnc : -1580C si. ts : -0,50C CH3 - CH - CH3 GV cho HS rt ra kt lun ankan c ng phn cu to mch cacbon. GV nh s th t theo ch s la m ch bc ca nguyn t cacbon trong cc cng thc cu to HS vit. isobutan tnc : -1590C ts : -100C
CH3 Nhn xt: Ankan t C4H10 tr i c ng phn cu to, l ng phn mch cacbon. b. Bc ca cacbon. Bc ca mt nguyn t cacbon phn t ankan bng s nguyn t cacbon lin kt trc tip vi n. Ankan m phn t ch cha C bc I v C bc II l ankan khng phn nhnh. - 72 -
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV cho HS rt ra khi nim v bc cacbon. Hot ng 3: HS nm c cch gi tn 10 ankan khng phn nhnh u tin v tn cc gc ankyl tng ng. Trong phn ny GV yu cu HS luyn tp ngc li.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ankan m phn c cha C bc III hoc C bc IV l ankan phn nhnh. II. Danh php: 1. Ankan khng phn nhnh: Theo IUPAC, tn ca 10 ankan khng phn nhnh u tin c gi nh bng 5.1 HS nh c tn gi ca 10 ankan khng phn nhnh u tin. Ankan c ui : an Tn gc ui : yl 2. Ankan phn nhnh: Theo IUPAC, tn ca ankan phn nhnh theo kiu tn thay th: S ch v tr + Tn nhnh + Tn mch chnh + an. - Mch chnh l mch di nht, c nhiu nhnh nht. nh s th t cc nguyn t cacbon thuc mch chnh bt u t pha gn nhnh hn. - Gi tn mch nhnh theo th t vn ch ci. VD: CH3 - CH - CH3 CH3 2 - metylpropan. CH3 - CH - CH - CH2 - CH3 CH3 CH3 2,3 - imetylpentan
GV gi tn mt s ankan c nhnh.
GV cho HS nhn xt, rt ra cch gi tn ankan mch nhnh. Sau p dng gi tn mt s ankan mch nhnh.
IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c GV khc su mt s ni dung: - Cng thc chung ca ankan: CnH2n+2 (n 1). - Ankan ch c mt loi ng phn cu to l ng phn mch cacbon. - Quy tc gi tn ankan. Vn dng : C4H10 : CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 butan ; CH3-CH(CH3)2 : 2-metylpropan( isobutan ) C5H12 : : CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 Pentan (CH3)2CH-CH2-CH3 2-metylbutan ( isopentan ) (CH3)4C 2,2-imetylpropan (neopentan) 2. Dn d : GV cho HS lm cc bi tp: Bi 1, 2 SGK. Bi tp v nh: Bi 3, 4, 5 SGK trang 139. 3. Rt kinh nghim
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 73 -
Tun : 23 Tit : 47
CHNG V : HIDROCACBON NO BI 34 : ANKAN CU TRC PHN T V TNH CHT VT L
Ngy son : 20/01/2013 Ngy dy : 21/01/2013
I.Mc tiu: HS bit: - Lin kt trong phn t cc ankan u l lin kt , trong nguyn t cacbon trng thi lai ho sp3. - Cu dng bn v km bn ca ankan. HS hiu: S bin thin tnh cht vt l ca ankan ph thuc s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. II. Chun b: GV chun b: Xng, m bi trn ng c. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Cu trc phn t ankan. GV cho hc sinh quan st hnh 5.1 SGK, m t 1. S hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t ankan. s hnh thnh lin kt ca phn t CH4 v C2H6 - Trng thi lai ho nguyn t C: sp3 GV hng dn HS rt ra kt lun v cu trc - Loi lin kt: u l lin kt phn t ankan. - Gc lin kt: u gn bng 109,50 - Mi nguyn t C nm tm ca t din m 4 nh l cc nguyn t H hoc C GV hng dn HS quan st hnh 5.2 SGK m 2. Cu trc khng gian ca ankan. hnh phn t propan, butan v isobutan (nhn a. M hnh phn t. theo trc C-C). CH3 - CH2 - CH3 CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 CH3 - CH - CH3 CH3 GV vit cu dng ca phn t C2H6 nh trong SGK v hng dn HS rt ra nhn xt. b. Cu dng. H H H H H GV hng dn HS vit cu dng ca C3H8 - Cc nhm nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bi lin kt n C-C, c th quay quanh trc lin kt to ra v s cu dng khc nhau. H H H H H H H
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 74 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng 2: GV cho HS nghin cu bng 5.2 rt ra nhn xt v quy lut bin i nhit nng chy, nhit si v khi lng ring.
GV lm th nghim cho HS quan st: - Cho xng vo nvs. - cho m bi trn vo xng. - Tnh khng mu ca ankan, HS c th rt ra t s quan st gas trong bt la gas. IV. Cng c va dn d : 1. Cng c : GV khc su mt s ni dung: - Trong phn t ankan ch c lin kt bn. - Mt s tnh cht vt l ca ankan ph thuc vo s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. 2. Dn d : Bi tp v nh : Bi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 SGK trang 142 v 143. 3. Rt kinh nghim :
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC - Cu dng xen k bn hn cu dng che khut. II. Tnh cht vt l: 1. Nhit nng chy, nhit si v khi lng ring. - Trng thi: C1 C4 trng thi kh. - Nhit nng chy, nhit si: tng theo s nguyn t cacbon. - Khi lng ring: tng theo s nguyn t cacbon; Ankan nh hn nc. 2. Tnh tan v mi: -Ankan khng tan trong nc, chng k nc: Ankan trng thi lng l nhng dung mi khng phn cc - Ankan u l nhng cht khng mu.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 75 -
Tun : 23 Tit : 48
CHNG V : HIDROCACBON NO BI 35 : ANKAN TNH CHT HA HC , IU CH V NG DNG
Ngy son : 20/01/2013 Ngy dy : 22/01/2013
I.Mc tiu: HS bit: Phng php iu ch v mt s ng dng ca ankan. HS hiu: - Tnh cht ho hc ca ankan: Phn ng th, tch, oxi ho. - C ch phn ng th halogen vo phn t ankan. II. Chun b: GV chun b: - B dng c iu ch metan. - Ho cht CH3COONa rn, NaOH rn, CaO rn. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Tnh cht ho hc: GV cho HS nhc li c im cu to phn t Ankan tng i tr v mt ho hc: Ankan c kh nng tham ankan. gia cc phn ng th, phn ng tch v phn ng oxi ho. GV hng dn HS d on kh nng tham gia 1. Phn ng th: phn ng ca ankan. VD1: CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl GV cho HS vit cc phng trnh phn ng. metyl clorua(clometan) CH3Cl + Cl2 CH2Cl2 + HCl metylen clorua(iclometan) CH2Cl2 + Cl2 CHCl3 + HCl GV hng dn HS rt ra nhn xt: phn ng clo clorofom(triclometan) ho t c tnh chn lc, cn phn ng brom ho CHCl3 + Cl2 CCl4 + HCl c tnh chn lc cao hn. cacbon tetraclorua(tetraclometan) VD2: 0 2 , as , 25 C CH3 - CH2 - CH3 CL HCl + GV cho bit: Flo phn ng mnh lit nn phn CH3 - CHCl - CH3 + CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - Cl hu ankan. Iot qu yu nn khng phn ng vi 2-clopropan, 57% 1- clopropan, 43% ankan. C ch phn ng halogen ho ankan: Phn ng clo ho v brom ho ankan xy ra theo c ch gc GV trnh by phn c ch phn ng. HS rt ra nhn xt phn ng theo c ch gc gm 3 bc: dy chuyn. - Bc khi mo phn ng: - Khi mo. as Cl - Cl Cl. + Cl. - Pht trin dy chuyn. - Bc pht trin dy chuyn:
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 76 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang - t y chuyn.
Hot ng 2: GV vit phng trnh ho hc. GV cho HS nhn xt: Di tc dng ca nhit v xc tc, cc ankan khng nhng b tch hiro to thnh hirocacbon khng no m cn b gy cc lin kt C - C to ra cc phn t nh hn.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC CH3 - CH3 + Cl CH3-CH2 + HCl CH3-CH2. + Cl - Cl CH3-CH2-Cl + Cl. - Bc t dy chuyn: as Cl. + Cl. Cl2 . CH3 - CH3 + Cl CH3-CH2. + HCl 2CH3-CH2. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 2. Phn ng tch: VD: 0 C , xt CH3 - CH3 500 CH2 = CH2 + H2
. .
GV yu cu HS vit PTHH ca phn ng t chy CH4 v PTTQ ca phn ng t chy ankan. Nhn xt: nH2O > nCO2 GV lu HS: Phn ng to nhit ng dng lm nhin liu Hot ng 3: GV gii thiu PP iu ch ankan trong cng nghip v lm th nghim iu ch CH4 trong phng th nghim t natriaxetat vi vi ti xt. HS nu hin tng, vit PT phn ng.
C , xt 500 CH2 = CH2 + C2H6 0 C , xt CH3CH2CH2CH3 500 CH3CH=CH2 + CH4 0 500 C , xt CH3CH=CHCH3 + H2 3. Phn ng oxi ho: VD: CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O H = -890 KJ 3n + 1 CnH2n+2 + O2 nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2 Khi c xc tc v nhit thch hp, ankan b oxi ho khng hon ton to thnh dn xut cha oxi. 0 , xt VD: CH4 + O2 t HCH=O + H2O II. iu ch v ng dng: 1. iu ch: a. Trong cng nghip: SGK b. Trong phng th nghim: ,t 0 CH3COONa(r) + NaOH(r) CaO CH4 + Na2CO3 Al4C3 + 12H2O 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3 2. ng dng: SGK.
IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : GV cn khc su mt s ni dung sau: - Phn ng th v c ch phn ng th halogen vo ankan. - Phng php iu ch ankan trong phng th nghim. - H thng tnh cht qua chui phn ng :
t CH 4 + 2 Na2CO3 1. Na O C CH 2 C O Na + 2 NaOH P P
o
O
o
CaO ,t 2. CH 3COOH + 2 NaOH + CH 4 + Na2CO3 + H 2O
3CH 4 + 4 Al ( OH ) 3 3. Al4C3 + 12 H 2O
Al4C3 + 6 H 2 SO4 3CH 4 + 2 Al2 ( SO4 ) 3

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 77 -
Al4C3 + 12 HCl 3CH 4 + 4 AlCl3
4.
Cracking ,t C3 H 8 CH 4 + C2 H 6
o
300 C 5. C + 2 H 2 CH 4
6.
vikhuan CO2 + 4 H 2 CH 4 + 2 H 2O
o
Ni ,250 C 7. CO + 3H 2 CH 4 + H 2O
CaO ,t 8. CH 3COONa + NaOH CH 4 + Na2CO3
2. Dn d : Bi 1, 2,... ,6 SGK trang 147. 3. Rt kinh nghim : Tun : 24 CHNG V : HIDROCACBON NO Ngy son : 27/01/2013 Tit : 49 BI 36 : XICLOANKAN Ngy dy : 28/01/2013 I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Cu trc, ng phn, danh php ca mt s monoxicloankan. - Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc v ng dng ca xicloankan. 2. K nng: Vit phng trnh ho hc minh ho tnh cht ho hc ca xicloankan. II. Chun b: GV chun b: - Tranh v m hnh mt s xicloankan. - Bng tnh cht vt l ca mt vi xicloankan. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : Vit phng trnh phn ng : n- pentan thc hin cc phn ng : - Tc dng vi Cl2 cho dn xut monoclo - Tch H2 - Crackinh 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Cu trc, ng phn, danh php. GV cho hc sinh nghin cu cng thc phn t, 1. Cu trc phn t ca mt s monoxicloankan. cng thc cu to v m hnh trong SGK. CTPT v cu trc mt s monoxicloankan khng nhnh nh sau: C3H6 C4H8 C5H10 C6H12
- Xicloankan: l nhng hirocacbon no mch vng. - Monoxicloankan c cng thc chung l CnH2n (n 3). - Cu trc khng gian ca monoxicloankan: Tr xiclopropan, phn t xicloankan cc nguyn t cacbon khng cng nm trn mt mt phng.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 78 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV hng dn HS rt ra nhn xt v Xicloankan. GV gii thiu cch gi tn mt s monoxicloankan. HS nhn xt, rt ra quy tc gi tn monoxicloankan. Hot ng 2: HS nghin cu bng 5.3 rt ra nhn xt quy lut bin i nhit nng chy, nhit si, khi lng ring, mu sc v tnh tan ca cc xicloankan theo chiu tng ca phn t khi. GV hng dn HS vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca xiclopropan v xiclobutan. GV lu HS: Ch xiclopropan c phn ng cng m vng vi H2, Br2, xiclobutan c phn ng cng m vng vi H2.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC 2. ng phn v cch gi tn monoxicloankan. a. Quy tc: S ch v tr - Tn nhnh - xiclo + Tn mch chnh - an. Mch chnh l mch vng. nh s sao cho tng cc s ch v tr mch nhnh l nh nht. b. Th d: SGK. II. Tnh cht. 1. Tnh cht vt l: - Nhit nng chy, nhit si tng dn. - Cc xicloankan u khng mu, khng tan trong nc. 2. Tnh cht ho hc. a. Phn ng cng m vng ca xiclopropan v xiclobutan. N i ,80 0 C + H2 CH3-CH2-CH3
N i ,120 C + H2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
0
GV hng dn HS vit cc phng trnh phn ng th v oxi ho ca mt s xicloankan.
Hot ng 3: GV hng dn HS vit phng trnh ho hc v cho bit ng dng ca ankan da trn phn ng tch hiro.
b. Phn ng th: Tng t ankan. as C5H10 + Cl2 C5H9Cl + HCl t0 C6H12 + Br2 C6H11Br c. Phn ng oxi ho: 3n CnH2n + O2 nCO2 + nH2O 2 C6H12 + 9O2 6CO2 + 6H2O III. iu ch v ng dng: 1. iu ch: VD: 0 , xt CH3[CH2]4CH3 t C6H12 + H2 2. ng dng: Lm nhin liu, lm dung mi, lm nguyn liu iu ch cc cht khc.
IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : *c im cu to ca xiclopropan vi propan Ging : iu ch c lin kt n (lk ) cng c 3C Khc : xiclopropan c mch vng , propan c mch h nn hn km nhau 2H * Vit CTCT cc ng phn Xicloankan ca C4H10, C5H10. gi tn chng? *Hy cho bit : 1). CTCT ca X v Y ? Bit X l mt xicloankan khng cha qu 8 nguyn t C , trong iu kin thch hp X tc dng vi Br2 to dn xut Y cha 74,07% Br . Nu xy ra phn ng th : CnH2n CnH2n-xBrx %Br = %Br = Nu xy ra phn cng : CnH2n CnH2nBr2
80 * 2 = 0,7407 n = 4 14n + 160 80 x = 0,7407 14n = 29 x khng c nghim ph hp cho C 8 14n + 79 x
2). Gi tr ca m ? Bit khi cho m g hirocacbon no, mch vng A tc dng vi clo (chiu sng) thu c 9,48 g mt dn xut clo duy nht B . trung ha kh HCl sinh ra cn va ng 80 ml dung dch NaOH 1M . Bit hiu sut clo ha l 80% . CnH2n CnH2n-1Cl + HCl
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 79 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC 0,08 0,08 9,48/0,08 = 14n + 34,5 n = 6 m = 0,08 .100/80 . 84 = 8,4 g /S 1). X : metylxiclopropan v Y : 1,3 ibrom 2 metyl propan 2). 8,4 g 3) CTCT ca A nu khi clo ha n th ch thu c 1 dn xut monoclo duy nht ? Bit khi oxi ha hon ton 7 mg hp cht A thu c 11,2 ml kh CO2 (ktc) v 9 mg nc . T khi ca A so vi N2 bng 2,5 . nCO2 2 nH 2 O =5; H = = 10 C= nA nA 2. Dn d : Bi tp v nh: Bi 3, 4, 5, 6 SGK trang 151. 3. Rt kinh nghim
Tun : 24 CHNG V : HIDROCACBON NO Ngy son : 27/01/2013 Tit : 50 BI 37 : LUYN TP : ANKAN-XICLOANKAN Ngy dy : 28/01/2013 I.Mc tiu: 1. Cng c kin thc: HS bit: S tng t v s khc bit v tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc v ng dng gia ankan vi xicloankan. HS hiu: Cu trc, danh php ankan v xicloankan. 2. Rn luyn k nng: - Rn luyn k nng nhn xt, so snh 2 loi ankan v xicloankan. - K nng vit phng trnh ho hc minh ho tnh cht ca ankan v xicloankan. II. Chun b: GV chun b: Bng ph. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. kim tra bi c : kt hp vi tit luyn tp 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dng Hot ng 1: I. Cng c l thuyt: GV cho HS in cng thc tng 1. CTTQ. qut v nhn xt v cu trc Ankan: CnH2n+2 (n 1) ankan, xicloankan. Mch h, ch c lin kt n C - C, mch cacbon to thnh ng gp khc. Xicloankan: CnH2n (n 3) Mch vng, ch c lin kt n C - C, tr xiclopropan cc nguyn t C khng cng nm trn mt mt phng. Hot ng 2: 2. c im danh php v tnh cht vt l: GV cho HS in c im danh Ankan: Tn gi c ui an. php v quy lut v tnh cht vt C1 - C4 : Th kh ; tnc, ts, khi lng ring tng theo phn t khi - nh hn l ca ankan, xicloankan. nc, khng tan trong nc. Xicloankan: Tn gi c ui an v tip u ng xiclo. C3, C4 : Th kh ; tnc, ts, khi lng ring tng theo phn t khi - nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc. Hot ng 3: 3. Tnh cht ho hc: GV cho HS in tnh cht ho hc Ankan Xicloankan v ly th d minh ho. - Phn ng th. - Phn ng th. - Phn ng tch. - Phn ng tch. - Phn ng oxi ho. - Phn ng oxi ho. Ngoi ra xiclopropan v xiclobutan c phn ng cng m vng. 4. ng dng, iu ch:
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 80 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng 4: Ankan GV cho HS nu cc ng dng quan trng ca ankan v - T du m. xicloankan. - Lm nhin liu, nguyn liu.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Xicloankan - T du m. - Lm nhin liu, nguyn liu.
Hng dn hng i cho hc sinh bi 1-2.
II. Bi tp: Bi 1: D Bi 4: Ankan khng lm mt mu dd brom, dd KMnO4. Ankan c t i lc ho hc v trong phn t ankan ch c lin kt n bn. Bi 7: a. S b. c. S d. S Bi 1: t chy ht 19,2 gam hn hp gm 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng th thu c 29,12 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Xc nh CTPT v % khi lng 2 ankan trong hn hp? Bi 2: t chy ht 11,52 gam hn hp gm 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng th thu c 17,472 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Xc nh CTPT v % khi lng 2 ankan trong hn hp. Bi 3 : Cng thc tnh % v khi lng ca C , H ca monoxicloankan theo s lng nguyn t C trong phn t . Nhn xt kt qu thu c . (CH2)n %C =
12n 2n .100% = 85,71% ; % H = .100% = 14,29% 14n 14n
Nhn xt: Bi 3 : % khi lng ca C v H khng i , khng ph thuc vo s lng nguyn t C , H trong phn t (khng ph thuc n) IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : 1. t chy ht 2,9 gam Ankan a) Tm CTPT ca A? b)
Bi 4 : Phng php ha hc phn bit metan, xiclopropan v kh sunfur Dng Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 Br2 th xiclopropan lm mt mu A phi dng va 7,28 lit khi oxi (kc).
Vit cc CTCT v gi tn cc ng phn ca A.
2. Phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra (nu c) v ghi r iu kin phn ng khi cho : a). Xiclopropan , xiclobutan v xiclohexan ln lt phn ng vi H2 , Br2 v HCl . b). Tch H2 t xiclohexan v metylxiclohexan c). t chy xicloankan 3. Mt ankan A c cha % C =80% v khi lng. Tm CTPT ca A 2. Dn d : Chun b bi tng trnh cho bi thc hnh Phn tch nh tnh. iu ch v tnh cht ca metan 3. Rt kinh nghim :
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 81 -
Tun : 24 Tit : 51
CHNG V : HIDROCACBON NO BI 38: THC HNH PHN TCH NH TNH IU CH V TNH CHT CA METAN
Ngy son : 27/01/2013 Ngy dy : 31/01/2013
I. Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: Bit cch xc nh s c mt ca C, H v halogen trong hp cht hu c, phng php iu ch v th mt s tnh cht ca metan. 2. K nng: Tip tc rn luyn k nng thc hnh th nghim vi lng nh ho cht, ng nghim cha cht rn, th tnh cht ca cht kh... II. Chun b dng c th nghim v ho cht cho mt nhm thc hnh: 1. Dng c: - ng nghim: 1 - s: 1 - n cn: 1 - Cc thu tinh 100-200ml: 1 - Nt cao su 1 l: 1 - ng ht nh git: 1 - ng dn kh hnh ch L: 1 - B gi th nghim thc hnh: 1 - Tha xc ho cht: 1 - Gi ng nghim: 1 2. Ho cht: - ng knh - CH3COONa nghin nh - CuO - Vi ti xt - CuSO4 khan - dd KmnO4 1% - Dy ng ng knh 0,5 mm - Nc brom, nc vi trong - CHCl3 hoc CCl4 - Nm bng III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi tng trnh : hc sinh chun b Hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu: 1.Tn hc sinh............................Lp....... 2. Tn bi thc hnh: Phn tch nh tnh. iu ch v tnh cht ca metan. 3. Ni dung tng trnh: Trnh by cch tin hnh th nghim. M t hin tng quan st c, gii thch, vit phng trnh ho hc cc th nghim (trn c s HS lm th nghim) 3. Bi thc hnh Hot ng Ni dung Th nghim 1: GV lu . Th nghim 1: Xc nh s c mt ca C, H trong - Cn chun b bt CuSO4 khan bng cch nghin nh tinh hp cht hu c. th CuSO4.5H2O ri sy kh trong bt s nung. HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, - Hng dn HS t ng nghim nm ngang trn gi th quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch hin tng. nghim. Cht hu c + CuO Cu + CO2 + H2O CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4.5H2O Th nghim 2: HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O ca SGK Th nghim 2: Nhn bit halogen trong hp cht hu - Hng dn HS gii thch. c.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Th nghim 3: HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK - Hng dn HS gii thch. Ch : - Khi tin hnh th nghim phi un tht nng kh CH4 mi bay ra. - Phi dng CaO mi, khng dng CaO ht nc trong khng kh v b t ra. Hng dn HS vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu, nu cch tin hnh, hin tng xy ra v gii thch hin tng, vit cc PTHH xy ra.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch hin tng. Th nghim 3: iu ch v th mt vi tnh cht ca metan. HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch hin tng. ,t 0 CH3COONa + NaOH CaO CH4 + Na2CO3 CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
IV. Cng c v dn d : - Hon thnh bi tng trnh - Chun b bi mi : Hidrocacbon khng no (anken) Tun : 25 CHNG VI : HIDROCACBON KHNG NO Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Tit : 52 BI 39: ANKEN Ngy dy : 18/02/2013 DANH PHP CU TRC NG PHN I.Mc tiu: HS bit: - Cu trc electron v cu trc khng gian ca anken. - Vit ng phn cu to, ng phn hnh hc v gi tn anken. HS hiu: Nguyn nhn mt s anken c ng phn hnh hc l do s phn b cc nhm th cc v tr khc nhau i vi mt phng cha lin kt . II. Chun b: M hnh phn t etilen, m hnh ng phn hnh hc cis-trans ca but-2-en. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : khng kim tra 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. ng ng v danh php: GV yu cu HS vit cng thc phn t mt s 1. Dy ng ng v tn thng thng ca anken. ng ng ca etilen, vit cng thc chung ca - Etilen (C2H4), propilen (C3H6), butilen (C4H8), ... c cng thc dy ng ng v nu nh ngha dy ng ng chung CnH2n (n 2) l dy ng ng ca etilen. ca etilen. - Chng u c mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t. - Tn tng t ankan:lu i ui an ilen. GV cho HS vit cng thc cu to mt s ng VD: CH2=CH - CH3 Propilen - butilen ng ca etilen. CH2=CH - CH2 - CH3 GV gi tn mt s anken. - butilen CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 CH2=C(CH3) - CH3 isobutilen 2. Tn thay th: GV cho HS nhn xt, rt ra quy lut gi tn cc a. Quy tc: anken theo tn thay th. S ch v tr + Tn nhnh + Tn mch chnh + S ch v tr + en. HS vn dng quy tc gi tn mt s anken. Mch chnh l mch cha lin kt i, di nht v c nhiu GV lu cch nh s th t mch chnh. nhnh nht. nh s C mch chnh bt u t pha gn lin i hn. b. Th d: CH2=CH2 eten CH2=CH - CH3 propen CH2=CH - CH2 - CH3 but-1-en CH3 - CH = CH - CH3 but-2-en CH2=C(CH3) - CH3 2-metylpropen
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng 2: GV cho hc sinh nghin cu SGK hoc m hnh phn t etilen v rt ra nhn xt v cu trc phn t anken.
Hot ng 3: Trn c s nhng CTCT HS vit trong phn danh php, GV yu cu HS khi qut v cc loi ng phn cu to ca anken. Nhn xt: anken c. - ng phn mch cacbon - ng phn v tr lin kt i.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC II. Cu trc v ng phn 1. Cu trc: a. Cu trc electron: - Nguyn t cacbon c ni i trng thi lai ho sp2 - Lin kt i gm 1 lin kt (bn) v 1 lin kt (km bn) b. Cu trc khng gian:(i vi etilen) - Hai nguyn t C v 4 nguyn t H u nm trn 1 mt phng. - Gc lin kt HCH v HCC gn bng 1200. 2. ng phn: a. ng phn cu to: Anken t C4 tr ln c ng phn mch cacbon v ng phn v tr lin kt i. VD: CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3 pent-1-en CH3CH=CHCH2CH3 pent-2-en CH2= C(CH3) - CH2CH3 2-metylbut-1-en CH3 C(CH3) = CHCH3 2-metylbut-2-en CH3CH(CH3)CH=CH2 3-metylbut-1-en b. ng phn hnh hc: R1 R3 C=C R2 R4 iu kin: R1 R2 R3 R4 ng phn cis: khi mch chnh nm cng mt pha ca lin kt C=C. ng phn trans: khi mch chnh nm 2 pha khc nhau ca lin kt C=C.
GV cho HS quan st m hnh cu to phn t cis-but-2-en v trans-but-2-en, rt ra khi nim v ng phn hnh hc GV c th dng s hnh thnh khi nim ng phn hnh hc.
IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c bi. - Cng thc chung ca anken , quy tc gi tn anken. - Khi nim v ng phn hnh hc ca anken. - Vit cc ng phn v gi tn. cc anken sau. C5H10, C6H12. * C5H10 CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH2-CH=CH2-CH2-CH3* (xut hin ng phn hnh hc cis v trans) CH2=CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH(CH3)=CH-CH3 CH3-CH(CH3)-CH=CH3 * C6H12 tng t hc sinh t xy dng . 2. Dn d : - Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 SGK trang 158. - Chun b phn tnh cht iu ch - ng dng ca anken. 3. Rt kinh nghim :
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Tun : 25 Tit : 53
CHNG VI : HIDROCACBON KHNG NO BI 40: ANKEN TNH CHT IU CH - NG DNG
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 18/02/2013
I.Mc tiu: HS bit: - Quy lut bin i nhit nng chy, nhit si ca anken. - Phn ng ho hc c trng ca anken l phn ng cng. - Phng php iu ch v mt s ng dng ca anken. HS hiu: - Nguyn nhn gy ra phn ng cng ca anken l do cu to phn t anken c lin kt km bn. - C ch phn ng cng axit vo anken. II Chun b: - ng nghim, nt cao su km ng dn kh, kp ng nghim, n cn, b gi th nghim. - Ho cht: H2SO4 c, C2H5OH, ct sch, dd KMnO4, dd Br2. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : - Cng thc chung ca anken , quy tc gi tn anken. 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Tnh cht vt l: GV cho hc sinh nghin cu bng 6.1 trong SGK 1. Nhit si, nhit nng chy v khi lng ring. v rt ra nhn xt v nhit si, nhit nng - ts, tnc, khi lng ring ca anken khng khc nhiu so vi chy v khi lng ring. ankan tng ng v thng nh hn so vi xicloankan c cng s nguyn t C. - Trng thi: C2 n C4 l cht kh. - ts, tnc tng theo phn t khi. GV cho HS tm hiu SGK rt ra tnh tan v mu - Cc anken u nh hn nc. sc ca anken. 2. Tnh tan v mu sc: SGK. Hot ng 2: II. Tnh cht ho hc. HS phn tch c im cu to phn t anken, d 1. Phn ng cng hiro. Ni , t 0 on trung tm phn ng. VD: CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3 - CH3 GV cho HS vit PTHH ca etilen vi H2 t Ni , t 0 CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2 vit PTTQ. 2. Phn cng halogen. GV hng dn HS nghin cu hnh 6.3 v 6.4 VD: SGK rt ra kt lun v vit PTHH. CH2=CH2 + Cl2 ClCH2 - CH2Cl CH3CH=CHCH2CH2CH3 +Br2CH3CHBr-CHBrCH2CH2CH3 2,3-ibromhexan 3. Phn ng cng axit v cng nc. GV gi HS vit PTHH ca anken vi HCl, a. Cng axit.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang H2SO4 c. Ch : C ch phn ng cng axit vo anken - Phn t H-A b phn ct d li to ra H+ v A-. H+ tn cng vo lin kt to ra cacbocation. - Cacbocation l tiu phn trung gian khng bn, kt hp ngay vi A- to ra sp. GV gi HS vit PTHH ca phn ng etilen cng nc. GV vit s phn ng ca propen vi HCl, isobutilen vi nc. HS nhn xt spc, ph t rt ra quy tc Maccp-nhi-cp. Hot ng 3: GV vit s v PT trng hp etilen. GV hng dn HS rt ra khi nim phn ng trng hp, polime, monome, h s trng hp... HS vit phng trnh phn ng. GV lm th nghim, HS nhn xt hin tng. GV vit PTHH, nu ngha ca phn ng.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC VD: CH2=CH2 + H-Cl CH3CH2Cl etyl clorua CH2=CH2 + H-OSO3H CH3CH2OSO3H etyl hirosunfat b. Cng nc. H + ,t 0 VD: CH2=CH2 + H2O CH3-CH2OH (etanol) c. Hng ca phn ng cng axit v nc vo anken. VD: CH2=CH-CH3+HCl CH3-CHCl-CH3 + CH2Cl-CH2-CH3 (spc) (spp) Quy tc Mac-cp-nhi-cp: SGK. 4. Phn ng trng hp. Peoxit ,100 300 0 C ,100 atm VD: nCH2=CH2 (-CH2-CH2-)n (polietilen, n= 3000-40.000) nh ngha: SGK. 5. Phn ng oxi ho. VD: 3n CnH2n + O2 nCO2 + nH2O 2
H < 0
Hot ng 4: HS nu phng php iu ch anken da vo phn ng tch H2 hoc crckinh ankan.HS nghin cu SGK rt ra ng dng c bn ca anken: Tng hp polime, tng hp cc ho cht khc.
3CH2=CH2+2KMnO4 + 4H2O 2MnO2+3HOCH2-CH2OH+2KOH
etylen glicol III. iu ch v ng dng. 1. iu ch. - Trong cng nghip: etilen, propilen v butilen c iu ch bng phn ng tch H2 hoc crckinh ankan. - Trong phng th nghim: H 2 SO4 ,170 0 C CH3CH2OH CH2=CH2+ H2O 2. ng dng: SGK.
IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : 1.1 Vit cc phng trnh trng hp cc cht sau. a) CH2= CH2 b) CH2=CH-CH3 c) CH2=CHCl d) CH3-CH(CH3)-CH=CH2 e) CF2=CF2 g) CH3-CH=CH-CH3 h) CH3-CH2-CH=C(CH3)2. 1.2 Vit cc phng trnh xy ra. a) Khi cho Etilen tc dng vi dd Brom , axit HBr; H2O, dd KMnO4; O2, Trng hp. b) Propen vi dd Brom , axit HBr; H2O; O2, Trng hp. 1.3 Dn 4.48 lt hn hp X gm 2 anken A v B k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vo nc Brom, thy khi lng bnh Brom tng thm 10,5 gam a) Lp CTPT ca A v B b) Tnh phn trm v khi lng ca A v B trong hh X? 2. Dn d : Bi tp v nh: Bi 4, 5, ..., 10 SGK trang 164 v 165. 3. Rt kinh nghim :
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Tun : 25 CHNG VI : HIDROCACBON KHNG NO Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Tit : 53 BI 41: ANKAIEN Ngy dy : 19/02/2013 I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: - c im cu trc ca h lin kt i lin hp. - Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca butaien v isopren. 2. K nng: Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng cng, phn ng trng hp ca butaien v isopren. II. Chun b: GV: M hnh phn t but- 1,3-ien. III. Tin trnh tit dy: 1. n nh t chc 2. Kim tra bi c : Vit cc phng trnh xy ra : Khi cho Etilen tc dng vi dd Brom , axit HBr; H2O, dd KMnO4; O2, Trng hp. 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Phn loi: HS vit CTCT mt s ankaien theo CTPT di - Hirocacbon m trong phn t c 2 lin kt i gi l ien, 3 s hng dn ca GV t rt ra: lin kt i gi l trien... chng c gi chung l polien. - Khi nim hp cht ankaien. - Hai lin kt i cch nhau mt lin kt n gi l ankaien - CTTQ ca ankaien. lin hp. - Phn loi ankaien. - ien mch h c cng thc chung CnH2n-2 (n 3), c gi - Danh php ankaien. l ankaien. VD: CH2=C=CH2 propaien CH2=CH - CH=CH2 buta-1,3-ien CH2=C(CH3) - CH=CH2 2-metylbuta-1,3-ien (isopren) Hot ng 2: II. Cu trc phn t v phn ng ca butaien v isopren. GV cho hc sinh nghin cu m hnh cu trc 1. Cu trc phn t butaien. phn t butaien rt ra nhn xt v - Cc nguyn t C u trng thi lai ho sp2. cu trc phn t butaien. - 4 nguyn t C v 6 nguyn t H u nm trn mt mt phng - Hai lin kt lin hp. 2. Phn ng ca buta-1,3-ien v isopren. GV cho HS vit cc PTHH ca buta-1,3-ien v a. Cng hiro. Ni , t 0 isopren vi H2 ; X2 ; HX. CH2=CH - CH=CH2 + 2H2 CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 0 GV cho bit t l % sn phm cng 1,2 v 1,4. Ni , t CH2=CCH(CH3)=CH2+2H2 CH3CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 HS rt ra nhn xt: b. Cng halogen v hiro halogenua. - buta-1,3-ien v isopren c kh nng tham gia CH2=CH - CH=CH2 + Br2 phn ng cng. BrCH2-CHBr-CH=CH2 + BrCH2-CH=CH-CH2Br
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang - Phn ng cng HX theo quy tc Maccpnhicp - nhit thp u tien to thnh sn phm cng 1,2, nhit cao u tin to thnh sn phm cng 1,4. GV hng dn HS vit PTHH trng hp buta1,3-ien v isopren Ch phn ng trng hp ch yu theo kiu cng 1,4 to ra polime cn mt lin kt i trong phn t. Hot ng 3: GV nu phng php iu ch buta-1,3-ien v isopren trong cng nghip. Yu cu HS vit thm PTHH iu ch buta-1,3ien t C2H5OH. HS tm hiu SGK rt ra nhn xt v ng dng quan trng ca buta-1,3-ien v isopren dng lm nguyn liu sn xut cao su.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC CH2=CH - CH=CH2 + HBr CH3-CHBr-CH=CH2 + CH3-CH=CH-CH2Br c. Phn ng trng hp. xt , t 0 , p nCH2=CH - CH=CH2 (-CH2 - CH=CH - CH2- )n polibutaien xt , t 0 , p nCH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 (-CH2C(CH3)=CH-CH2 -)n poliisopren 3. iu ch, ng dng ca butaien v isopren. 0 , xt CH3CH2CH2CH3 t CH2=CH - CH=CH2 + 2H2 0 , xt CH3CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 t CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2+ 2H2 - C th iu ch t ancol etlylic ng dng: SGK.
IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : - Cu trc phn t cc ankaien lin hp. - Phn ng c trng ca ankaien l phn ng cng, hng ca phn ng cng. - vit CTCT cc ng phn ankadien v gi tn: C4H6 , C5H8 , C6H10 . - Vit cc phng trnh xy ra Khi cho Buta-1,3-dien tc dng vi. a) H2( t l mol 1:1) b) H2( t l mol 1:2) c) dd Br2 ( t l 1:1) d) trng hp kiu 1,4 2. Dn d : Bi tp v nh: Bi 1,2...,6 SGK trang 168 v 169. -Xc nh CTPT Cu 1: t chy 3,4 gam ankadien lin hp X th thu c 5,6 lit kh CO2(ktc). a) lp CTPT ca X. b) Bit X tc dng vi Hidro to ra isopentan. Tm CTCT ng ca X. Cu 2: t chy 3,4 gam ankadien lin hp X th cn dng va 7,84 lit kh Oxi(ktc). Lp ctpt ca X 3. Rt kinh nghim :
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Tun : 26 Tit : 54
CHNG VI : HIDROCACBON KHNG NO BI 42: KHI NIM V TECPEN.
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Khi nim v tecpen, thnh phn v cu to ca tecpen. - Ngun gc v gi tr ca mt s tecpen n gin khai thc v s dng hp l ngun tecpen. 2. K nng: HS phn bit c tecpen vi nhng hirocacbon hc. II. Chun b: GV chun b tranh v hnh 6.7 SGK. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Thnh phn, cu to v dn xut. GV nu mt s th d gn gi vi i sng v tecpen 1. Thnh phn. trong tinh du thng, s, qu, chanh, cam,... Tecpen l tn gi nhm hirocacbon khng no c cng HS nhn xt, rt ra khi nim tecpen. thc chung l (C5H8)n (n 2), thng gp trong gii thc vt. Tecpen c nhiu trong tinh du tho mc nh tinh du thng, s, qu, chanh, cam,... GV vit cng thc cu to v gii thiu mt s tecpen 2. Cu to. (SGK), HS nhn xt. Phn t tecpen c cu to mch h hoc mch vng v c cha cc lin kt i C=C. Th d: SGK. 3. Mt vi dn xut cha oxi ca tecpen. GV gii thiu mt s dn xut cha oxi ca tecpen. a. Loi mch h. HS nhn xt c im cu to v ng dng. Geranol c trong tinh du hoa hng ; Xitronelol c trong tinh du s. b. Loi mch vng. Mentol v menton c trong tinh du bc h. Hot ng 2: II. Ngun tecpen trong thin nhin. HS tm hiu SGK, nhn xt v ngun tecpen trong 1. Ngun tecpen thin nhin. thin nhin. Tecpen v dn xut cha oxi ca tecpen thng gp trong gii thc vt. Chng c th tp trung cc b phn khc nhau nh l, thn, hoa, qu hoc r cc loi tho mc.
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GV gii thiu phng php c bn khai thc tecpen l phng php chng ct v mt s c s sn xut tinh du trong nc. GV gii thiu mt s ng dng ca tecpen. IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : - c im cu to ca tecpen. - ng dng ca tecpen v dn xut. - Lm Bi 1, 2, ..., 6 SGK trang 173 v 174. 2. Dn d : Chun b bi mi ANKIN 3. Rt kinh nghim : Tun : 26 CHNG VI : HIDROCACBON KHNG NO Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Tit : 54 BI 43: ANKIN Ngy dy : 19/02/2013 I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Khi nim ng ng, ng phn, danh php v cu trc phn t ca ankin. - Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca axetilen. HS hiu: S ging nhau v khc nhau v tnh cht ho hc gia ankin v anken. 2. K nng: - Vit phng trnh ho hc minh ho tnh cht ca ankin. II. Chun b: - Tranh v hoc m hnh rng, m hnh c ca phn t axetilen. - Dng c: ng nghim, nt cao su km ng dn kh, cp ng nghim, n cn, b gi th nghim. - Ho cht: CaC2, dd KMnO4, dd nc Brom. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. ng ng, ng phn, danh php v cu trc. GV cho bit mt s ankin tiu biu. 1. ng ng, ng phn, danh php. GV yu cu HS thit lp dy ng ng ca ankin. - Ankin l nhng hirocacbon mch h c 1 lin kt ba trong phn t. - Dy ng ng ca ankin: C2H2, C3H4 ... CnH2n-2 (n 2) - T C4 tr i c ng phn v tr nhm chc, t C5 tr i c thm ng phn mch cacbon. - Danh php: GV gi tn theo danh php IUPC v tn thng thng + Tn IUPAC: Tng t nh tn gi anken, nhng dng ca mt s ankin. ui in ch lin kt ba. + Tn thng thng: Tn gc ankyl + axetilen. GV cho hc sinh nu quy tc gi tn theo danh php VD: CH CH etin (axetilen) IUPC v tn thng thng ca ankin. HC C - CH3 propin(metyl axetilen) HC C - CH2CH3 but-1-in(etyl axetilen) CH3-C C-CH3 but-2-in(imetyl axetilen) Hot ng 2: 2. Cu trc phn t. HS xem m hnh hoc tranh v cu to phn t axetilen. Nguyn t C lin kt ba c lai ho sp. GV gii thiu cu trc phn t axetilen. Gc lin kt HCH v HCC l 1800. Hot ng 3: II. Tnh cht ho hc.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Th d: SGK. 2. Khai thc tecpen. Phng php thng dng nht khai thc tecpen t thc vt l dng cch chng ct vi hi nc li cun ly tinh du t cc b phn cha nhiu tinh du ca thc vt. S chng ct li cun hi nc: SGK. 3. ng dng ca tecpen: SGK.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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GV lm th nghim iu ch C2H2 ri cho qua dd brom. HS nhn xt mu ca dd brom. HS vit cc PT phn ng ca axetilen vi H2, Br2, HCl.
GV hng dn HS vit phng trnh ho hc ca axetilen v propin vi H2O. GV lu HS phn ng cng HX, H2O vo ankin cng tun theo quy tc Mac- cp-nhi-cp. GV hng dn HS vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng ime ho v trime ho. Hot ng 4: GV lm th nghim axetilen vi dd AgNO3/NH3, hng dn HS vit PT. GV lu : Phn ng dng nhn ra axetilen v cc ankin c nhm -C CGV cho HS vit PTHH phn ng chy ca ankin. GV lm th nghim phn ng ca axetilen vi dd KMnO4. GV yu cu HS vit cc phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng iu ch C2H2 t CaCO3 v C. GV nu phng php chnh iu ch axetilen trong cng nghip. HS tm hiu phn ng dng ca axetilen trong SGK. Hot ng 5: Cng c bi. Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 2, ..., 6 SGK trang 178 v 179.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC 1. Phn ng cng. a. Cng hiro. Ni , t 0 CH CH + 2H2 CH3 - CH3 Pd / PbCO3 CH CH + H2 CH2=CH2 b. Cng brom. + BR2 + BR2 CH CH BrCH=CHBr Br2CH - CHBr2 c. Cng hiro clorua. HgCl 2 ,150 200 0 C CH CH + HCl CH2=CHCl CH2=CHCl + HCl CH3 - CHCl2 d. Cng nc. HgSO4 ,80 0 C CH CH + H2O CH3-CH=O e. Phn ng ime ho v trime ho. 0 , xt 2CH CH t CH2=CH - C CH 0 , xt 3CH CH t C6H6 (benzen) 2. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi. AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O [Ag(NH3)2]OH+ NH4NO3 CH CH +2[Ag(NH3)2]OHAgC CAg+ 2H2O+4NH3 R-C C-H +[Ag(NH3)2]OH R-C C-Ag+ H2O+2NH3 3. Phn ng oxi ho. 3n 1 CnH2n-2 + O2 nCO2 + (n-1) H2O 2 III. iu ch v ng dng. 1. iu ch. 0 C 2CH4 1500 CH CH + 3H2 CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 2. ng dng: SGK.
H 0
IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : - c im cu to phn t ankin. - Phn ng cng l phn ng c trng. - Ankin c lin kt ba u mch c phn ng th. 2. Dn d : 3. Rt kinh nghim :
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 91 -
Tun : 26 CHNG VI : HIDROCACBON KHNG NO Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Tit : 54 BI 44: LUYN TP - HIROCACBON KHNG NO. Ngy dy : 19/02/2013 I.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Cng c kin thc: HS bit: - S ging nhau v khc nhau v tnh cht gia anken, ankin v ankaien. - Nguyn tc chung iu ch cc hirocacbon khng no dng trong cng nghip ho cht. HS hiu: Mi lin quan gia cu to v tnh cht cc loi hirocacbon hc. 2. Rn luyn k nng: Vit phng trnh ho hc minh ho tnh cht anken, ankaien v ankin. So snh 3 loi hirocacbon trong chng vi nhau v vi hirocacbon hc. II. Chun b: GV chun b bng kin thc cn nh theo mu sau: Anken Anka-1,3-ien Ankin 1. Cu trc 2. Tnh cht vt l 3. Tnh cht ho hc 4. ng dng III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Cng c l thuyt. 1. Cu trc. GV cho HS vit cu to dng tng qut v in nhng - Anken: CnH2n c im v cu trc ca Anken, Anka-1,3-ien, Ankin R1 R3 vo bng. C=C R2 R4 - Ankaien lin hp: CnH2n-2 R1 R3 C=C R5 R2 C=C R4 R6 - Ankin: CnH2n-2 R1 - C C - R 2 2. Tnh cht vt l. GV cho HS in tnh cht vt l c bn vo bng. T C1 - C4 : Kh ; C5 : Lng hoc rn.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 92 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV cho HS in nhng tnh cht ho hc c bn ca anken, Anka-1,3-ien v ankin vo bng v ly th d minh ho bng cc phng trnh ho hc.
GV cho HS in nhng ng dng c bn ca 3 loi tnh cht trn vo bng.
Hot ng 2: Chia HS thnh nhm tho lun v gii quyt 9 bi tp trong SGK trang 181 v 182. IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : 2. Dn d : 3. Rt kinh nghim :
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Khng mu, khng tan trong nc, nh hn nc. 3. Tnh cht ho hc. - Cng hiro: Ni , t 0 CnH2n + H2 CnH2n+2 Ni , t 0 CnH2n-2 + 2H2 CnH2n+2 Pd / PbCO3 CnH2n-2 + H2 CnH2n - Cng halogen: u lm mt mu dd brom. - Cng HA: Anken v ankin cng axit v nc theo quy tc Mac-cp-nhi-cp. - Trng hp: anken v ankaien u dy u d trng hp thnh polime, ankin khng b trng hp m ch b ime ho, trimeho... - Oxi ho: u lm mt mu dd KMnO4 ; Khi chy to nhiu nhit. 4. iu ch v ng dng. - Cng nghip sn xut anken, ankaien v ankin t ankan v du m. - Anken, ankaien dng sn xut polime. - Ankin v anken c dng sn xut cc dn xut ca hirocacbon. II. Bi tp: HS tho lun cc bi tp theo nhm v c i din bo co kt qu, c lp theo di v b sung kin xy dng bi,
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 93 -
CHNG VI : HIDROCACBON KHNG NO Ngy son : 17/02/2013 BI 45: THC HNH - TNH CHT CA HIROCACBON Ngy dy : 19/02/2013 KHNG NO. I. Mc tiu bi thc hnh: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v mt s tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca hirocacbon khng no. 2. K nng: Tip tc rn luyn k nng thc hnh th nghim ho hu c. II. Chun b dng c th nghim v ho cht cho mt nhm thc hnh. 1. Dng c th nghim: - ng nghim: 5 - ng ht nh git: 5 - Kp ng nghim: 1 - Nt cao su c l: 3 - Gi ng nghim: 1 - ng nghim c nhnh: 2 - B gi th nghim: 1 - n cn: 1 2. Ho cht: - Nc brom - Nc c chua chn - Du thng - CaC2 - Dung dch KMnO4 1% III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Th nghim 1: Th nghim 1: iu ch v th tnh tan ca Tin hnh lm th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK. axetilen. GV lu HS: phng xy ra n, trc khi chm la t HS tin hnh lm th nghim nh hng dn ca axetilen u ng dn kh, cn cho kh thot ra mt phn SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch. ui khng kh ra khi ng nghim. a. CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 C2H2 + 2Br2 C2H2Br4 b. C2H2 + dd KMnO4 5 c. C2H2 + O2 2CO2 + H2O 2 Th nghim 2: Th nghim 2: Phn ng ca hirocacbon khng Tin hnh lm th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK. no vi nc brom. HS tin hnh lm th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra v gii thch. a. Cho vi git du thng vo ng nghim cha 2 ml nc brom, lc k. GV lu HS: Trc khi nghin nt qu c chua cn ct b. Nghin nt qu c chua , lc ly nc trong. Nh ngang qu, vy sch ht i. t t dd brom vo ng nghim cha 2 ml nc c chua. Hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu:
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 94 -
Hng dn hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu, nu cch tin hnh, hin tng xy ra v gii thch hin tng, vit pthh xy ra. IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : 2. Dn d : 3. Rt kinh nghim :
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC 1.Tn hc sinh............................Lp....... 2. Tn bi thc hnh: Tnh cht ca hirocacbon khng no. 3. Ni dung tng trnh: Trnh by cch tin hnh th nghim, m t hin tng quan st c, gii thch, vit phng trnh ho hc cc th nghim
Tun : 26 KIM TRA VIT Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Tit : 54 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013 BI: * Phn trc nghim: HS la chn p n ng trong cc cu sau y. Cu 1: Dy cc cht no sau y ch gm cc cht hu c ? A.(NH4)2CO3 , HCHO , C2H5OH. B. H2CO3, C6H12O6 , CH3COOH. C. CH3COOC2H5 , C11H22O11 , HCN. D. C6H12O6 , C6H5Br , CH3COOH. Cu 2: Dy cht no sau y c cng cng thc n gin nht ? A.CH4 , C2H6 , C4H10. B. HCHO , CH3COOH, C6H12O6. C. CH4O , C2H6O , C3H8O. D. C2H4 , C3H6 , C4H8. Cu 3: Dy no sau y ch cha lin kt n trong phn t ? A.C2H6O, CH4 , C4H10. B.CH4 , C2H4 , C2H2. C.CH3COOH, C6H6, C2H6. D.C3H8, C2H6O , C2H4. Cu 4: Cp cht no sau y u c ng phn hnh hc ? A.CH2=HC-CH2-CH3 , CHCl=CHCl. B.CH2=HC-CH2-CH3 , CH2=CHCl. C.CH3-CH=CH-CH3 , CHCl=CHCl. D.CH3-CH=CH-CH3 , CH2=CHCl. Cu 5: S ng phn cu to ng vi cng thc phn t C6H14 l : A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Cu 6: Trng hp no sau y c ng phn nhm chc ? A. C2H4O2 B. CH4O C. C2H2Cl2 D. C2H4Cl2. * Phn t lun: Cu 7: Vit PTHH khi cho kh Clo tc dng vi mi cht sau y (t l mol 1:1, chiu sng bng ASKT): etan, 2metylpropan. Cu 8: Trnh by c ch phn ng th Clo vo metan (nc th nht)? Cu 9: t chy hon ton 0,72g mt hp cht hu c A, thu c 2,2g CO2 v 1,344 lt hi nc (ktc). T khi hi ca A so vi oxi l 2,25. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. b) A phn ng th vi clo (t l mol 1:1) ch thu c mt sn phm duy nht. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A v gi tn A. P N: * Trc nghim: (3 im). Cu th 1 2 3 4 5 6 p n D B A C C A * T lun: (7 im). Cu 7: (2,25 im) - Vit ng mi PT c 0,75 * 3pt = 2,25 . Cu 8: (1,75 im) - Khi mo: 0,25 im - Pht trin dy chuyn: 0,5 *2 = 1,0 im - t dy chuyn: 0,5 im. Cu 9: (3,0 im) a) (2,0 im): Gi A c cng thc CxHyOz .
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 95 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang - Vit PTHH, xc nh c MA = 72 - Tnh c khi lng ca C,H ri suy ra A khng cha O - Xc nh c cng thc n gin nht ca A - Suy ra cng thc phn t ca A l C5H12 b) (1,0 im) - A l 2,2-imetylpropan.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
CHNG VII: HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN BI 46: BENZEN V ANKYL BEZEN
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Cu trc electron ca phn t benzen. - ng ng, ng phn v danh php ca ankylbenzen. - Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc ca benzen v ankylbenzen. HS hiu: S lin quan gia cu trc phn t v tnh cht ho hc ca benzen. 2. K nng: HS vn dng: Quy tc th nhn benzen vit PTHH iu ch cc dn xut ca bezen v ankylbenzen. II. Chun b: GV: M hnh phn t benzen. HS: n li tnh cht ca hirocacbon no, hirocacbon khng no. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Cu trc, ng ng, ng phn v danh php. GV cho HS quan st s v m hnh phn t 1. Cu trc ca phn t benzen. benzen, rt ra nhn xt. - Su nguyn t C trong phn t benzen trng thi lai ho sp2. - Su obitan p ca 6 nguyn t C xen ph vi nhau to thnh obitan chung cho c vng bezen. - Su nguyn t C trong phn t benzen to thnh mt lc gic u. C 6 nguyn t C v H cng nm trn mt mt phng. CTCT: GV hng dn HS hai kiu CTCT ca phn t bezen u c dng biu din cu to ca bezen. Hot ng 2: - GV: Khi thay cc ngt H trong vng benzen bng cc nhm ankyl s thu c ankylbenzen. - HS tm hiu CTCT thu gn mt s ng ng ca benzen v rt ra nhn xt.
2. ng ng, ng phn v danh php. - Cc ankyl bezen hp thnh dy ng ng ca benzen c cng thc chung l CnH2n-6 vi n 6. - Ankyl benzen c ng phn mch cacbon v ng phn v tr nhm th trn vng bezen. - C hai cch gi tn ankyl benzen. - 96 -
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

CH3
C2 H5
GV hng dn hc sinh cch gi tn mt s ankyl benzen.
CH3
etylbenzen
1,2 - imetylbenzen o- imetylbenzen (o - Xilen)

CH3
CH3
CH3
1,3 imetylbenzen m- imetylbenzen (m - xilen)
CH3
1,4 - imetylbenzen p- imetylbenzen (p- xilen)
Hot ng 3: GV cho HS nghin cu bng 7.1 trong SGK, rt ra nhn xt v tnc ; ts ; khi lng ring ca cc hirocacbon thm. Hot ng 4: GV lm th nghim: ho tan benzen trong nc v trong xng ; ho tan iot, lu hunh trong benzen. Hot ng 5: GV cho HS vit PTHH ca phn ng th ca benzen, toluen vi brom. GV b sung iu kin phn ng. GV l HS: Brom khan, xc tc Fe, pnn bit sn phm phn ng khi c xc tc Fe v khi c chiu sng.
II. Tnh cht vt l: 1. Nhit nng chy, nhit si v khi lng ring. - Nhn chung nhit nc gim dn nhng c bt thng; nhit si tng dn. - Cc hirocacbon thm nh hn nc. 2. Mu sc, tnh tan v mi: SGK.
III. Tnh cht ho hc: 1. Phn ng th: a. Phn ng halogen ho:

Br
+ Br2
CH3
Fe
CH3
+ HBr
CH3
Fe
Br
+ Br2
CH3 CH2 Br
/
as
Br
+ HBr
GV gi HS vit phng trnh ho hc ca benzen v toluen phn ng vi HNO3. Lu HS iu kin phn ng.
+ Br2 + HBr b. Phn ng nitro ho: H 2 SO4 C6H6 + HO-NO2 C6H5-NO2+H2O

CH3
CH3
H 2 SO4
CH3 NO2
Hot ng 6: GV nu quy tc th vo vng benzen. Nhm -OH, -NH2, -OCH3.. nh hng th vo o, p. Nhm -NO2, - COOH, -SO3H.. nh hng th vo m. Hot ng 7: GV trnh by c ch phn ng th vng benzen, HS p dng vit c ch cho mt phn
+ HO-NO2 c. Quy tc th vng benzen:
/
SGK.
NO2
+ H2O
d. C ch phn ng th vng benzen.

+
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 97 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang ng tng t.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC O2N-OH + H O2N-OH2

+ +
O2N-OH2 Hot ng 8: GV lm th nghim cho benzen vo dd Br2 HS quan st, nhn xt hin tng. HS: Khng xy ra phh. GV: Khi chiu sng, benzen t/d vi clo thnh C6H6Cl6. GV b sung: Khi un nng v c xc tc Ni, benzen v ankylbenzen cng vi H2 to thnh xicloankan. Hot ng 9: GV lm th nghim cho benzen vo dd KMnO4, HS quan st, nhn xt hin tng. GV: cc ankylbenzen khi un nng vi dd KMnO4 th ch c nhm ankyl b oxi ho. GV lm th nghim t chy benzen.
H2O + NO2+
NO2+ + C6H6 C6H5-NO2 + H+ 2. Phn ng cng: - Benzen v ankylbenzen khng lm mt mu dd brom.

as C6H6 + 3Cl2 C6H6Cl6 0 Ni , t C6H6 + 3H2 C6H12
3. Phn ng oxi ho: KMnO4 , H 2 O ,t 0 C6H5CH3 C6H5-COOK

HCl C6H5-COOH 15 C6H6 + O2 6CO2 + 3H2O 2 3n 3 CnH2n-6 + O2 nCO2 + (n-3)H2O 2 IV. iu ch v ng dng: 1. iu ch: - Tch ra t sp chng ct du m. - Tng hp t cc ankan hoc xicloankan. 0 , xt CH3[CH2]4CH3 t C6H6 + 4H2 t 0 , xt CH3[CH2]5CH3 C6H6CH3 + 4H2 0 , xt C6H6 + CH2=CH2 t C6H5CH2CH3 2. ng dng: SGK.
Hot ng 10: GV nu 2 phng php iu ch aren. GV hng dn HS vit mt s PTHH.
Hot ng 11: GV dng tranh hoc bng ph gii thiu s ng dng ca benzen v mt s aren. IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c - kin thc: Danh php, ng phn, cu to - Bi tp cng c Bi 1: Mt hirocacbon thm trong H chim 9,434% v khi lng. Tng s ng phn thm l? A. 2 . B. 3 . C. 4 . D. 5 . Bi 2: Cho hirocacbon thm c CTCT
CH2CH3
Tn gi ng ca hirocacbon thm ny l? A. 1-metyl-3-etylbenzen B. 1-etyl-3-metylbenzen C. 3-etyl-1-metylbenzen D. 1-etyl-5-metylbenzen Bi 3: C cc nhn xt sau 1. C 6 nguyn t C v 6 nguyn t H trong phn t benzen nm trn hai mt phng song song vi nhau 2. Tt c cc hirocacbon thm thuc dy ng ng ca benzen nh hn nc 3. It tan trong benzen tt hn tan trong nc 4. p-ximen v 1,2-imetylbenzen l hai danh php ca cng mt cht 5. bt bo ha ca phn t benzen l 4 Cc nhn xt ng l? A. 1,2,4 . B. 2, 3, 4 . C. 2,4,5 . D. 2, 3, 5 . 2. Dn d : Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 2, ..., 10 SGK trang 191 v 192.
CH3
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 98 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang V. Rt kinh nghim
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
CHNG VII: HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN BI 47: STIREN V NAPHTALEN.
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: Cu to, tnh cht, ng dng ca stiren v naphtalen. 2. K nng: HS hiu: Cch xc nh cng thc cu to hp cht hu c bng phng php ho hc. HS vn dng: Vit mt s phng trnh ho hc chng minh tnh cht ho hc ca Stiren v naphtalen. II. Chun b: - Dng c: cc thu tinh 200ml, ng nghim, n cn. - Ho cht: naphtalen, HNO3 c. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. STIREN. - GV thng bo tnh cht vt l ca stiren. 1. Tnh cht vt l v cu to: - GV yu cu HS vit CTCT ca stiren. - Cht lng khng mu, nh hn nc v khng tan - GV thng bo c im cu to ca stiren. trong nc. CH - GV gii thiu tn gi khc ca stiren: vinylbenzen hay phenyletilen.
2
Hot ng 2: GV nu vn : Stiren c kh nng tham gia phn ng th vo vng benzen, phn ng cng vo ni i. GV lm th nghim: Cho stiren vo dd Br2 GV lu phn ng cng HX tun theo quy tc Mac-cpnhi-cp. Hot ng 3: GV gi HS vit 2 PTHH ca phn ng trng hp v ng trng hp. - Phn ng trng hp: Tham gia phn ng ch c 1 loi monome. - Phn ng ng trng hp: Tham gia phn ng c t 2 loi monome.
- CTCT: + C mt vng benzen. + C mt lin kt i nhm th. 2. Tnh cht ho hc: a. Phn ng cng. C6H5 - CH=CH2 + Br2 C6H5 - CHBr - CH2Br C6H5 -CH=CH2 + HCl C6H5 - CHCl CH3 b. Phn ng trng hp v ng trng hp.
xt , t nCH(C6H5) =CH2 (- CH(C6H5) - CH2 -)n
0
nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 + nCH(C6H5) =CH2

xt , t (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH(C6H5) - CH2 -)n c. Phn ng oxi ho.
0
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 99 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang - GV hng dn HS gi tn ca cc sp trng hp v ng trng hp. Hot ng 4: GV gi : Tng t etilen, Stiren lm mt mu dd KMnO4. Hot ng 5: GV cho HS nghin cu SGK v lin h thc tin. Hot ng 6: GV: Cho HS quan st Naphtalen, HS nhn xt v mi v mu ca Naphtalen.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Stiren lm mt mu dd KMnO4 v b oxi ho nhm vinyl. 3. ng dng: SGK.
II. NAPHTALEN: 1. Tnh cht vt l v cu to: - Tnh cht vt l: SGK. - CTCT: c cu to bi 2 vng benzen.
Hot ng 7: GV nu v tr u tin ca phn t Naphtalen. GV hng dn HS vit phng trnh cho phn ng th.
2. Tnh cht ho hc: a. Phn ng th:

CO H CH 3
Br
+ Br2
H 2 SO4
+ HBr
NO2
+ HO-NO2 GV gi , HS vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng cng hiro ca Naphtalen. b. Phn ng cng hiro: Ni ,150 0 C C10H8 + 2H2 C10H12 Ni , 200 0 C , 35 atm C10H12 + 3H2 C10H18
+2 H 2 ( Ni ,1500 C )
+ H2O
+3 H 2 ( Ni ,2000 C ,35 atm )
GV vit s phn ng oxi ho Naphtalen, ch iu kin phn ng.
Naphtalen tetralin c. Phn ng oxi ho:

O2 ( kk ) V O (350 4500 C )
2 5
decalin
C=O O C=O
+ H 2O
COOH
COOH
Hot ng 8: HS nu mt s ng dng ca Naphtalen. IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : H thng tnh cht ha hc ca stiren, naphtalen Bi 1 : Trong cng nghip, iu ch stiren ngi ta lm nh sau: cho etilen phn ng vi benzen c xc tc axit, thu c etylbenzen ri cho etylbenzen qua xc tc ZnO nung nng, thu c stiren. Nu hiu sut mi qu trnh l 80% th t 7,8 tn benzen s thu c lng stiren l A. 8320 kg. B. 6656 kg. C. 8230 kg. D. 6566 kg. Bi 2: Axit phtalic C8H6O4 dng nhiu trong sn xut cht do v dc phm. N c iu ch nh sau: oxi ho naphtalen bng oxi vi xc tc V2O5 450oC, thu c anhirit phtalic ri cho sn phm tc dng vi nc, thu c axit phtalic.
C=O COOH
3. ng dng: SGK.

O2 ( kk ) V2 O5 (350 4500 C )
O C=O

COOH
+ H 2O
. Nu hiu sut mi qu trnh l 80% th t 12,8 D. 10,264 tn. - 100 -
tn naphtalen s thu c lng axit phtalic l A. 13,280 tn. B. 13,802 tn
C.10,624 tn.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Bi 3 : Hiro ho etylbenzen ta c stiren;trng hp stiren ta c polistiren vi hiu sut chung 80%.Khi lng etylbenzen cn dng sn xut 10,4 tn polisitren l: A.13,52 tn B.10,6 tn C.13,25 tn D.8,48 tn 2. Dn d : Chun b bi NGUN HIDROCACBON THIN NHIN
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
CHNG VII: HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN BI 48: NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN.
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
I.Mc tiu : 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Thnh phn, tnh cht v tm quan trng ca du m, kh thin nhin v than m. - Qu trnh chng ct du m, ch ho du m v chng kh than m. HS hiu: Tm quan trng ca lc ho du i vi nn kinh t. 2. K nng: Phn tch, khi qut ho ni dung kin thc trong SGK thnh nhng kt lun khoa hc. II. Chun b: Mu du m v mt s sn phm i t du m. III. Tin trnh tit dy: 1. n nh t chc : 2. Kim tra bi c : 3.Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: A. Du m: - GV cho HS quan st mu du m. I. Trng thi thin nhin, tnh cht vt l v thnh phn ca - GV lm th nghim ho tan du m trong du m. nc. 1. Trng thi thin nhin v tnh cht vt l - GV cho HS nhn xt v trng thi, mu sc, Du m l mt hn hp lng, snh, mu sm, c mi c trng, mi, t khi, tnh tan... nh hn nc v khng tan trong nc. Hot ng 2: 2. Thnh phn ho hc. GV cho HS nghin cu SGK v tm tt thnh - Hirocacbon: ankan, xicloankan, aren. phn ho hc ca du m. - Cht hu c cha oxi, nit, lu hunh. - Cht v c (rt t). - Thnh phn nguyn t: 83 - 87% C, 11 -14% H, 0,01 - 7% O, 0,01 - 2% N, cc kim loi nng vo khong phn triu n phn Hot ng 3: vn. GV cho HS nghin cu bng 7.2 trong SGK II. Chng ct du m. bit v sn phm ca qu trnh chng ct 1. Chng ct di p sut thng. du m p sut thng v nhn xt v sn - < 1800C:Phn on kh v xng(1-10 C) phm phn ng theo nhit . - 170-2700C:Phn on du ho(10-16C) - 250-3500C: Phn on du izen(16-21C) - 350-4000C:Phn on du nhn(21-30C) Hot ng 4: - 4000C: Cn mazut ( > 30 C) GV nu mc ch ca chng ct di p sut 2. Chng ct di p sut cao. cao. - ( C1 - C2), ( C3 - C4) dng lm nhin liu kh hoc kh ho lng.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV cho HS tm hiu SGK rt ra cc ng dng lin quan ca cc sn phm.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC - ( C5 - C6) gi l te du ho c dng lm dung mi hoc nguyn liu cho nh my ho cht. - ( C6 - C10) l xng. Hot ng 5: 3. Chng ct di p sut thp. GV cho HS tm hiu SGK rt ra sn phm ca - Phn on linh ng(dng cho crckinh) qu trnh chng ct di p sut thp. - Du nhn. GV cho HS lin h cc sn phm vi ng - Vazlin. dng ca chng. - Parafin. - GV nu mc ch vic ch ho du m. - Atphan. - GV nu ngha ch s octan. III. Ch bin du m bng phng php ho hc. Hot ng 6: 1. Rifominh. GV nu cc th d bng PTHH HS nhn xt - Rifominh l qu trnh dng xc tc v nhit bin i cu trc rt ra khi nim v ni dung ca phng php ca hirocacbon t khng phn nhnh thnh phn nhnh, t Rifominh. khng thm thnh thm. Hot ng 7: 2. Crckinh. GV nu 2 trng hp Crckinh nhit v xc VD: C16H34 C16-mH34-2m + CmH2m tc. a. Crckinh nhit. GV dng bng ph tm tt 2 qu trnh Thc hin nhit 700-9000C ch yu nhm to ra eten, Crckinh nh trong SGK. propen, buten v pntn dng lm monome sn xut polime. GV khi qut li nhng kin thc trong bi. b. Crckinh xc tc. Nhm chuyn hirocacbon mch di ca cc phn on c nhit si cao thnh xng nhin liu. Kt lun: Ch bin du m bao gm chng ct du m v ch Hot ng 8: bin bng phng php ho hc. GV cho HS tm hiu thnh phn kh du m B. Kh du m v kh thin nhin. v kh thin nhin. I. Thnh phn kh du m v kh thin nhin. HS rt ra nhn xt v thnh phn kh du m Kh du m cn gi l kh ng hnh. Kh m du c trong cc v kh thin nhin. m du. Kh thin nhin l kh cha trong cc m kh ring bit. Hot ng 9: II. Ch bin, ng dng ca kh m du v kh thin nhin. GV cho HS tm hiu s ch bin, ng dng (sgk) ca kh m du v kh thin nhin. C. Than m. Hot ng 10: I. Chng kh than bo. GV cho HS tm hiu s chng kh than - Kh l cc: 65% H2, 35% CH4, CO2, CO, C2H6, N2... dng lm bo trong SGK rt ra nhn xt v phng nhin liu php chng kh than m v cc sn phm thu - Lp nc + NH3 : dng lm phn m c t qu trnh ny. - Lp nha : gi l nha ng - Than cc dng cho luyn kim Hot ng 11: II. Chng ct nha than . GV cho HS tm hiu SGK rt ra cc sn phm - Phn on si 80 - 1700C gi l du nh cha bezen, toluen, ca qu trnh chng ct nha than . xilen.. - Phn on si 1700 - 2300C gi l du trung cha naphtalen, phenol, piriin... - Phn on si 2300 - 2700C gi l du nng cha crezol, xilenol, quinolin... - Cn cn li l hc n dng ri ng. IV. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : Bi 1 : Thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin l kh no trong s cc kh sau? A. H2 B. CO C. CH4 D. C2H4 Bi 2 : t 100 lt kh thin nhin cha 96% CH 4, 2% N2, 2% CO2 ( v s mol). Th tch kh CO2 thi vo khng kh l: A. 94 lt B. 96 lt C. 98 lt D. 100 lt
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Bi 3 : Khi t 1,12 lt kh thin nhin cha CH 4, N2, CO2 cn 2,128 lt oxi. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Phn trm th tch ca CH4 trong kh thin nhin l: A. 93% B. 94% C. 95% D. 96% t chy V lt kh thin nhin cha 96% CH4, 2%N2, 2%CO2 v th tch . Ton b sn phm chy c dn qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy to ra 4,9g kt ta. Gi tr ca V (ktc) l: A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48 lt 2.Dn d : Chun b bi mi Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 2, ... , 11 trong SGK trang 203 v 204. Th no gi l than bo : Loi than c nhiu cht bc, khi t th phng ln, mm ra, ngn la di. Th no gi l than gy : Loi than c t cht bc, ngn la ngn. Th no gi l than bn : Hnh thnh do s tch t v phn hu khng hon ton tn d thc vt trong iu kin ym kh xy ra lin tc. Qu trnh ny din ra ti cc vng trng ngp nc Tun : 26 Tit : 54 CHNG VII: HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN BI 49: LUYN TP So snh c im cu trc v tnh cht ca hirocacbon thm vi hirocacbon no v khng no. Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
I.Mc tiu : 1. Cng c kin thc: HS bit: S ging nhau v khc nhau v tnh cht ho hc gia hirocacbon thm vi hirocacbon no v khng no. HS hiu: Mi lin quan gia cu trc v tnh cht c trng ca hirocacbon thm vi hirocacbon no v khng no. 2. Rn luyn k nng: Vit phng trnh ho hc minh ho tnh cht ca cc hirocacbon. II. Chun b: Bng h thng kin thc cn nh v 3 loi hirocacbon : hirocacbon thm ; hirocacbon no ; hirocacbon khng no. III. Tin trnh tit dy: 1. n nh t chc 2. Kim tra bi c 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Cng c l thuyt. GV yu cu HS c im cu 1. Hirocacbon thm. to phn t v tnh cht ho hc a. c im cu trc v kh nng phn ng. ca hirocacbon thm. - C vng benzen. GV yu cu HS vit phng - 6 nguyn t C sp2 lin kt thnh 1 lc gic u. trnh phn ng minh ho. b. Phn ng th. - Khi c Fe, halogen th vo nhn. - Khi chiu sng, halogen th vo nhnh. - Nhm th c sn nhn benzen quyt nh hng ca phn ng th tip theo. c. Phn ng cng. Khi un nng c xc tc kim loi, aren cng vi H2 to thnh xicloankan. d. Phn ng oxi ho. - Chy, to nhit. - Vng bezen khng b oxi ho bi dd KMnO4, nhnh ankyl b oxi ho thnh nhm -COOH. Hot ng 2: 2. Hirocacbon no. GV yu cu HS c im cu a. c im cu trc v kh nng phn ng. to phn t v tnh cht ho hc - Ch c cc nguyn t C sp3 to thnh lin kt bn vng. V th tng i ca hirocacbon no. tr iu kin thng. GV yu cu HS vit phng b. Phn ng th. trnh phn ng minh ho. Khi chiu sng hoc un nng, clo th cho H C cc bc, brom th cho H C
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 103 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC bc cao. c. Phn ng cng. Ankan v xicloankan (tr xiclopropan v xiclobutan) khng c phn ng cng. d. Phn ng oxi ho. - Chy, to nhit. - Ch b oxi ho nhit cao hoc c xc tc. Hot ng 3: 3. Hirocacbon khng no. GV yu cu HS c im cu a. c im cu trc v kh nng phn ng. to phn t v tnh cht ho hc - C C lai ho sp2 to thnh lin kt i hoc C lai ho sp to thnh lin kt ba. ca hirocacbon khng no. - Phn ng cng l phn ng c trng. GV yu cu HS vit phng b. Phn ng th. trnh phn ng minh ho. - nhit cao, clo th cho H C bn cnh C sp2. - Nguyn t H nhm C-H c th b th bi nguyn t Ag. c. Phn ng cng. Aren, ankin d cng vi H2, HA. d. Phn ng oxi ho. - Chy, to nhit. Hot ng 4: - D b oxi ho bi dd KMnO4 v cc cht oxi ho khc. - Chia HS thnh nhm tho lun II. Bi tp: v gii quyt 8 bi tp trong HS tho lun cc bi tp theo nhm v c i din bo co kt qu, c lp theo SGK trang 207. di v b sung kin xy dng bi. - HS lm cc BT sch gio khoa trang 207. IV. Cng c v dn d : 1.Cng c H thng li tnh cht qua cc bi ton nh lng v nh tnh 2. Dn d : Chun b bi thc hnh TNH CHT CA MT S HIDROCACBON THM
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 104 -
CHNG VII: HIROCACBON THM NGUN Ngy son : 17/02/2013 HIROCACBON THIN NHIN Ngy dy : 19/02/2013 BI 50: THC HNH S 5 Tnh cht ca mt s hirocacbon thm. I.Mc tiu thc hnh: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v mt s tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca benzen v toluen. 2. K nng: Tip tc rn luyn k nng tin hnh v quan st th nghim ho hu c. II. Chun b dng c th nghim v ho cht cho mt nhm thc hnh. 1. Dng c th nghim. - ng nghim: 5 - Kp ng nghim: 1 - Gi ng nghim: 1 - ng ht nh git: 1 2. Ho cht: - Benzen - dd KMnO4 1% - Du thng - Iot - Nc brom - Toluen - Hexan III.Tin trnh tit dy : Hot ng Ni dung Th nghim 1: Th nghim 1: Tnh cht ca benzen. Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK. HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan Lu : Brom l cht lng mu nu , l cht c hi. st hin tng xy ra v gii thch. Vic pha nc brom phi do gio vin thc hin. Th nghim 2: Th nghim 2: Tnh cht ca toluen. Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK. HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra gii thch v vit phng trnh phn ng. t0 C6H5-CH3 + KMnO4 C6H5-COOK + MnO2 + KOH + H2O Hng dn hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim theo Hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu: mu, nu cch tin hnh, hin tng xy ra v gii thch 1.Tn hc sinh............................Lp....... hin tng, vit pthh xy ra. 2. Tn bi thc hnh: 3. Ni dung tng trnh: Trnh by cch tin hnh th nghim, m t hin tng quan st c, gii thch, vit phng trnh ho hc cc th nghim IV. Cng c v dn d : - Hon thnh bi tng trnh
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 105 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang - Chun b bi mi DN XUT HALOGEN CA HIDROCACBON
Tun : 26 CHNG VIII: DN XUT HALOGEN.ANCOL-PHENOL Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Tit : 54 BI 51: DN XUT HALOGEN CA HIDROCACBON Ngy dy : 19/02/2013 I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Phn loi, ng phn, danh php, tnh cht vt l ca dn xut halogen. - ng dng ca dn xut halogen. HS hiu: Phn ng th v phn ng tch ca dn xut halogen. 2. K nng: - T cng thc bit gi tn v ngc li t tn gi vit c cng thc nhng dn xut halogen n gin v thng dng. - Vit PTHH ca phn ng th nguyn t halogen bng nhm -OH, phn ng tch HX theo quy tc Zai-xp. II. Chun b: - Chun b bng bi tp 3 SGK. - GV cho HS n cc kin thc v bc cacbon, ng phn cu to, quy tc gi tn gc-chc v tn thay th. III.Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc 2. Kim tra bi c 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Khi nim, phn loi, ng phan v danh php. GV: Em hy nu s khc nhau gia 2 cng thc 1. Khi nim. CH4 v CH2FCl. Khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t hiro trong phn t GV nu nh ngha. hirocacbon bng cc nguyn t halogen ta c dn xut halogen ca hirocabon. Hot ng 2: 2. Phn loi. GV: Ta c th coi phn t dn xut halogen gm - Dn xut halogen gm c: dn xut flo, clo, brom, it. hai phn l gc hirocacbon v halogen. - Da vo cu to gc hirocacbon: dn xut halogen no GV: Ngi ta cn phn loi theo bc ca dn (CH2FCl ; CH2Cl-CH2Cl) xut halogen. khng no (CF2=CF2, CH2=CHCl..) ; thm (C6H5F, C6H5CH2Cl...) - Bc ca dn xut halogen bng bc ca nguyn t cacbon lin kt vi nguyn t halogen. Hot ng 3: 3. ng phn v danh php. Dn xut halogen c ng phn mch cacbon a. ng phn. nh hirocacbon, ng thi c ng phn v tr VD: FCH2CH2CH3 1-flobutan nhm chc. CH3CHFCH2CH3 2-flobutan FCH2CH(CH3)CH3 1-flo2-metylpropan CH3CF(CH3)2 2-flo2-metylpropan
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 106 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV: Mt s t dn xut halogen c gi theo tn thng thng. GV: Nu quy tc v tn gc-chc, th d minh ho ri cho HS vn dng.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC b. Tn thng thng. CHCl3 clorofom CHI3 ioofom CHBr3 brmfom c. Tn gc-chc. VD: CH2Cl2 metylen clorua CH2=CH-F vinyl florua CH2=CH-CH2-Cl anlyl clorua C6H5-CH2-Br bezyl bromua d. Tn thay th. GV: Nu quy tc v tn thay th, th d minh ho VD: Cl2CHCH3 1,1-icloetan ri cho HS vn dng. ClCH2CH2Cl 1,2-icloetan Hot ng 4: II. Tnh cht vt l. GV: Cho HS lm bi tp 3 SGK v rt ra nhn - Cc cht c phn t khi nh nh CH3Cl, CH3Br l nhng xt. cht kh. GV cho HS c SGK bit thm cc tnh cht - Cc cht c phn t khi ln hn th lng, nng hn nc vt l v sinh l khc. nh CHCl3, C6H5Br... Hot ng 5: - Nhng dn xut polihalogen c phn t khi ln hn na GV cng c kin thc va hc bng cu hi: Th th rn nh CHI3. no l dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon? Hot ng 6: III. Tnh cht ho hc. GV thng bo cho HS bit c im cu to phn t. Phn t dn xut halogen c th tham gia phn ng th, tch v phn ng vi Mg. Hot ng 7: 1. Phn ng th nguyn t halogen bng nhm -OH. t0 GV cho HS c cch tin hnh v kt qu th CH3CH2CH2Cl + OH- CH3CH2CH2OH + Cl nghim bng 8.1 SGK v cho bit: RCH=CHCH2-X + H2O RCH=CHCH2-OH + HX - Du hiu c AgCl kt ta ni ln iu g 0 C , 200 atm C6H5-Cl + 2NaOH 300 C5H5ONa - Hy nu iu kin c th mi cht thc hin + NaCl + H2O c phn ng th Cl bng nhm -OH. C ch phn ng th nguyn t halogen (SGK) 2. Phn ng tch hiro halogenua Hot ng 8: VD: GV thng bo s lc v c ch phn ng th ancol , t 0 CH3-CH2Br + KOH CH2=CH2 + KBr + H2O nguyn t halogen. KOH , ancol ,t 0 Hot ng 9: CH3-CHBr-CH3-CH3 + HBr GV treo hnh 8.1 SGK ln bng, m t th CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 nghim v gii thch. (SPC) (SPP) GV kt lun : quy tc Zai-xp (SGK). Quy tc Zai-xp: SGK. Hot ng 10: 3. Phn ng vi magi. GV: M t th nghim v gii thch. VD: CH3CH2Br + Mg etekhan CH3CH2-Mg-Br ( etyl magi Hot ng 11: bromua trong ete) GV: Hng dn cho HS c SGK ri tng kt. IV. ng dng. 1. Lm dung mi 2. Lm nguyn liu cho tng hp hu c. 3. Cc ng dng khc. IV. Cng c v dn d : 1.Cng c : Bi 1 : T cu to - C - C X Em hy phn tch cu to dn xut halogen theo s trn, t suy ra mt s tnh cht ho hc ca n. Bi 2 : S ng phn bc I ca dn xut c cng thc phn t C4H9Cl l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Bi 3: Cht no sau y khng phi l dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon: A. CH2=CH-CH2-Br B. Cl-CHBr-CF3 C. CHCl2-CF2-O-CH3 D. C6H6Cl6
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 107 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Bi 4: Polivinylclorua (PVC) l cht do c nhiu ng dng. PVC iu ch trc tip t monme no sau y: A. CH2=CH-CH2-Cl B. CH3-CH=CH-Cl C. CH2=CH2 D. CH2=CH-Cl Bi 5: Sn phm chnh thu c khi cho 3-clo but-1-en tc dng vi HBr c tn thay th l: A.1-brom-3-clo butan B. 2-brom-3-clo butan C. 2-brom-2-clo butan D.2-clo-3brom butan Bi 6: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm l mt dn xut clorua ca hirocacbon X c thnh phn khi lng ca clo l 45,223%. Vy cng thc phn t ca X l: A. C3H6 B. C3H4 C. C2H4 D.C4H8. 2.Dn d : Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 2, ..., 8 trang 215 v 216 SGK. Chun b bi mi LUYN TP DN XUT HALOGEN
Tun : 26 CHNG VIII: DN XUT HALOGEN.ANCOL-PHENOL Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Tit : 54 BI 52: LUYN TP DN XUT HALOGEN Ngy dy : 19/02/2013 I.Mc tiu: 1. Cng c kin thc: Hiu phn ng th v phn ng tch ca dn xut halogen. 2. Rn luyn k nng: Vn dng cc tnh cht ca dn xut halogen m trng tm l phn ng th v phn ng tch gii cc bi tp: - Gii thch hin tng lin quan n l thuyt v thc t. - iu ch. - Bi ton ho hc. II Chun b: GV: Hng dn HS n tp v chun b trc bi luyn tp tham gia tho lun ti lp. III.Tin trnh tit dy : 1. n nh t chc : 2. kim tra bi c : 3. Bi mi : Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. Cng c l thuyt. 1. Phn ng th. GV cho HS tho lun theo h thng cu hi: - Dn xut ankyl halogenua b thu phn khi un nng vi dd - Hy cho bit s khc nhau v iu kin xy ra kim to thnh ancol t0 phn ng th nguyn t halogen bng nhm -OH R-CH2CH2X + OH- R-CH2CH2OH ca 3 loi dn xut halogen sau: + X + Dn xut ankyl halogenua. - Dn xut loi anlyl halogenua b thu phn ngay khi un si + Dn xut loi anlyl halogenua. vi nc: + Dn xut loi vinyl halogenua v phenyl t0 R-CH=CH-CH2-X + H2O halogenua. R-CH=CH-CH2-OH + HX - Hy cho bit iu kin xy ra phn ng tch - Dn xut loi vinyl halogenua v phenyl halogenua b thu hiro halogenua khi dn xut halogen. phn nhit v p sut cao: 0 C , 200 atm VD: C6H5Cl + 2NaOH 300 C5H5ONa + NaCl + H2O 2. Phn ng tch. Khi un si vi dd kim trong ancol, dn xut halogen b tch Hng ca phn ng tch hirohalogenua: HCl to thnh lin kt bi: Quy tc Zai-xp ancol , t 0 R-CH2-CHX-CH3 + KOH Hot ng 2: R-CH=CH-CH3 + KCl + H2O Chia HS thnh nhm tho lun v gii quyt bi Quy tc Zai-xp: Khi tch HX khi dn xut halogen, nguyn tp. t halogen (X) u tin tch ra cng vi H nguyn t C bc
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 108 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Nhm 1 : cao hn bn cnh. Bi 1 II. Bi tp: a) T cc cht hu c : A , B , C vit phn ng Gv: hng dn gii . Yu cu HS trn c s l thuyt hc trc tip to ra C2H5Cl. vn dng v gi quyt cc bi tp cho b) Thc hin thy phn cc cht sau trong mi trng kim: CH3Cl , CH2Cl2 , CHCl3 , CH3CH=CHCl,CH3CCl2CH3 , CH3CCl=CH2 , CH3CCl2CH2Cl . c) T cc dn xut halogen sau : CH3Cl , C2H5Cl , CH3CHClCH3, iu ch cc cht : CH3CH3 , CH3CH(CH3)CH3 , CH3(CH2)2CH3 , 2,3imetyl Butan , 2-Metyl Butan. Bi 2 Khi nh vi git dd AgNO3 vo ng nghim cha CH2=CHCH2Cl, lc nh, thy c kt ta trng. Gii thch?. Nhm 2 : Bi 3Hy thc hin nhn bit 3 l mt nhn sau : anlyl clorua , etyl bromua , clobenzen. Bi 4Hon thnh cc phng trnh ho hc sau : a) Br-C6H4CH2Br + NaOH ( long, nng ) b) Br-C6H4CH2Br + NaOH (c, nng ) c) CH3CH2Br + Mg Nhm 3 : Bi 5Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng sau : a) 2- Brombutan t/d dd KOH trong etanol un nng. b) Benzyl cl orua t/d vi dd NaOH nng. c) Etylbromua t/d vi bt magie trong ete . d) 1- clo But 2- en tc dng vi nc nng. Nhm 4 : Bi 6 Thu phn hon ton a gam dn xut X cha clo trong dung dch NaOH thu 7,4 gam ancol Y. t chy hon ton lng Y to thnh ri dn sn phm qua bnh 1 cha H2SO4 dc , bnh 2 cha dung dch nc vi trong d thy bnh 1 tng 9.00 gam , bnh 2 c 40 gam kt ta. a) Tm CTPT ca X , Y , tnh a. b) Vit CTCT , gi tn X ,Y bit khi t/d dung dch KOH trong etanol to ra anken cha ng phn hnh hc. IV. Cng c v dn d : 1.Cng c : B. Bi tp cng c 1. Vit CTCT, gi tn thay th ca cc dn xut Hal c CTPT nh sau, ch ra bbc ca mi dn xut C4H9Cl S: 4 dn xut 2. Vit CTCT, gi tn thay th ca cc dn xut Hal c CTPT nh sau C3H6Cl2 S 4 dn xut 3. T metan v cc cht v c cn thit khc (cc iu kin coi nh c ), vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau Etan , etylclorua , etilen , ancol etylic , etin
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC HD Yu cu HS a ra cc phng n c th thu c cc cht trong yu cu ca bi 4. T axetilen, vit PTHH ca cc phn ng iu ch cc cht sau Etyl bromua, 1,2-ibrometan, vinyl clorua, 1,1-ibrometan 2.Dn d : Lm tt c cc bi tp v dn xut Hal trong SGK v sch BT Chun b bi : BI 53: ANCOL: CU TO , DANH PHP , TNH CHT VT L
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
CHNG VIII: DN XUT HALOGEN.ANCOL-PHENOL BI 53: ANCOL: CU TO , DANH PHP , TNH CHT VT L
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
I.Mc tiu: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: Cu to phn t, phan loi lin kt hiro, tnh cht vt l ca ancol. 2. K nng: HS rn luyn c tn vit c cng htc ca ancol v ngc li. Vit ng cng thc ng phn ca ancol. Vn dng lin kt hiro gii thch tnh cht vt l ca ancol. II. Chun b: M hnh lp ghp phn t ancol minh ho phn nh ngha, ng phn, bc ca ancol, so snh m hnh phn t H2O v C2H5OH. III. Tin trnh tit dy : 1.n nh t chc : Kim tra s s 2. kim tra bi c : khng kim tra 3. Bi mi Hot ng Ni dung Hot ng 1: I. nh ngha, phn loi, ng phn v danh php. GV: Cho HS vit cng thc ca mt vi ancol bit. 1. nh ngha: SGK. Lu : nhm hiroxyl (-OH) lin kt trc tip vi CTTQ: CnH2n+1OH ( n 1 ) nguyn t cacbon no. Hot ng 2: 2. Phn loi. GV: Em hy nu cch xc nh bc ca nguyn t - Theo cu to gc hirocacbon: no, khng no, thm, cacbon trong phn t hirocacbon. bc I, II, III. GV: Hng dn HS nghin cu bng 8.2 SGK. - Theo s lng nhm hiroxyl: n chc, a chc. Hot ng 3: 3. ng phn v danh php. GV: vit cng thc ng phn ancol v ete ng vi cng a. ng phn. thc phn t C2H6O? Ngoi ng phn nhm chc, ancol c ng phn mch Em cho bit lm th no c ng phn mch cacbon? C v ng phn v tr nhm chc. ng phn v tr nhm chc? VD: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH ancol butylic GV: Cho HS vit cng thc ng phn cc ancol c cng CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 ancol sec-butylic CTPT C4H10O. (CH3)2CHCH2OH ancol isobutylic (CH3)3COH ancol tert-butylic Hot ng 4: b. Danh php. GV trnh by quy tc ri c tn mt cht lm mu. Tn thng thng (tn gc-chc): GV cho HS vn dng c tn cc cht khc. Ancol + tn gc hirocacbon + ic VD: CH3OH ancol metylic
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 110 -
Hot ng 5: GV hng dn HS nghin cu cc hng s vt l ca mt s ancol. GV cho HS c SGK rt ra cc tnh cht vt l ca ancol. Hot ng 6: GV hng dn HS nghin cu bng 8.4. GV a ra khi nim v lin kt hiro v ly v d.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC CH2=CHCH2OH ancol anlylic Tn thay th: Tn hirocacbon tng ng mch chnh + s ch v tr + ol VD: CH3CH2CH2CH2OH butan-1-ol CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 butan-2-ol CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH 2-metylpropan-1-ol II. Tnh cht vt l v lin kt hiro ca ancol. 1. Tnh cht vt l. - iu kin thng: CH3OH n C12H25OH l cht lng, t C13H27OH tr ln l cht rn. - Cc ancol c t 1 n 3 nguyn t C tan v hn trong nc. Khi s nguyn t C tng th tan gim dn. 2. Lin kt hiro. a. Khi nim v lin kt hiro. Nguyn t H mang mt phn in tch dng ca nhm -OH ny khi gn nguyn t O mang mt phn in tch m ca nhm -OH kia to thnh mt lin kt yu gi l lin kt hiro, biu din bng du ... ...O - H...O - H... ...O - H...O - H...O-H... H H R R R b. Anh hng ca lin kt hiro n tnh cht vt l: SGK.
GV: Cho HS nghin cu SGK v a ra nhn xt. IV . Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : - Quy tc gi tn ancol ( tn gc - chc, tn thay th ). - Yu cu HS lm bi tp 1, 2, 6 SGK. 2. Dn d :
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
CHNG VIII: DN XUT HALOGEN.ANCOL-PHENOL BI 52: LUYN TP DN XUT HALOGEN
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
Bi 54: Ancol - Tnh cht ho hc, iu ch v ng dng. A.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca ancol. HS hiu: Phn ng th, phn ng tch v phn ng oxi ho ca ancol. 2. K nng: Vn dng tnh cht ho hc ca ancol gii ng cc bi tp gii thch, so snh, phn bit, iu ch v bi ton ho hc. B. Chun b: - Th nghim C2H5OH + Na
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 111 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC - Th nghim glixerol + Cu(OH)2 - Th nghim so snh (A), (B), (C) ca ancol isoamylic trong bi hc. - Cc mu vt minh ho cc ng dng ca ancol. C. Phng php ch yu: - m thoi ti hin kin thc hc lp 9. - Thng qua th nghim. - Nu vn v gii quyt vn . - Nghin cu SGK rt ra kt lun. D. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr Hot ng 1: I. Tnh cht ho hc. GV cho HS n li v c im cu to ca phn t ancol t HS vn dng suy ra tnh cht. 1. Phn ng th H ca nhm OH Hot ng 2: ancol GV lm th nghim, HS vit phng a. Phn ng chung ca ancol. 1 trnh phn ng. C2H5OH + Na C2H5ONa + H2 GV: Ancol tc dng vi KLK, hu nh 2 khng phn ng vi kim. C2H5ONa + HOH C2H5OH + NaOH GV: Lm th nghim v vit PTHH. GV: Phn ng c dng nhn bit b. Phn ng ring ca glixerol. poliancol c cc nhm -OH nh vi CH2-OH CH2-OH HO- CH2 nhng nguyn t C k nhau. 2CH - OH +Cu(OH)2CH-O - Cu-O-CH CH2- OH CH2-OH HO-CH2 Hot ng 3: + 2H2O GV: Lm th nghim, HS quan st, 2. Phn ng th nhm OH ancol. phn tch rt ra tnh cht. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH + H2SO4 HOH + (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OSO3H GV: Khi qut tnh cht ny. (isoamyl hirosunfat) Nhn xt: R-OH + HA R-A + H2O C2H5-OH + HBr C2H5-Br + H2O C3H5(OH)3+3HNO3C3H5(ONO2)3+3H2O Hot ng 4: 3. Phn ng tch nc. GV: Vit PTHH v gii thch. a. Tch nc lin phn t. H SO ,140 C 2C2H5OH C2H5-O-C2H5+H2O GV: Hng ca phn ng tch nc ni b. Tch nc ni phn t. phn t tun theo quy tc Zai-xp. H SO d ,170 C CH3CH2-OH CH2=CH2+H2O H SO d ,170 C CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 H2O + OH CH3CH=CHCH3 + CH2=CHCH2CH3 But-2-en(spc) but-1-en(spp) Hot ng 5: 4. Phn ng oxi ho. GV lu HS: Nguyn t H ca nhm - Ancol bc I b oxi ho thnh anehit. -OH, nguyn t H ca C gn vi nhm R-CH2-OH + CuO t R-CH=O + Cu + -OH kt hp vi mguyn t O ca CuO H2O sinh ra H2O. Do vy ancol bc I - Ancol bc II b oxi ho thnh xeton. sinh ra anehit v ancol bc II sinh ra R-CH(OH)-R, + CuO t R-CO-R, + Cu + xeton. H2O - Ancol chy to thnh CO2, H2O v to nhit.
2 4 0 2 4 0 2 4 0
0
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 112 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng 6: GV: lin h tnh cht ca anken hc dn dt qua cch iu ch hirat ho etilen vi xc tc axit. GV: lin h cch nu ru trong dn gian dn dt qua cch iu ch ln men tinh bt. GV lu HS 2 cch sn xut ny c dng trong cng nghip v ch gm mt giai on, nguyn liu r tin. Hot ng 7: GV su tm mu vt, nh, phim gii thiu cho HS. Etanol , metanol l nhng ancol c s dng nhiu. Hot ng 8: Cng c bi. GV: T cu to ca phn t ancol etilic hy suy ra nhng tnh cht ho hc chnh m n c th c, cho th d minh ho. Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 2, ..., 9 SGK trang 228 v 229. IV . Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : 2. Dn d : Tun : 26 Tit : 54
3n CnH2n+1OH + O2 nCO2 + (n+1)H2O 2
II. iu ch v ng dng. 1. iu ch. H PO , 300 C CH2=CH2 + HOH C2H5OH Enzim (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 Enzim 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 C6H12O6 Cu , 200 C ,100 atm 2CH3OH 2CH4 + O2 ZnO ,CrO , 400 C , 200 atm CO + 2H2 CH3OH
3 4 0
0
3,
2. ng dng: SGk. a. ng dng ca etanol. b. ng dng ca metanol.
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
Bi 55: Phenol A.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS hiu: - nh ngha, phn loi, nh hng qua li gia cc nhm nguyn t trong phn t v tnh cht ho hc ca phenol. - Phng php iu ch v ng dng ca phenol. 2. K nng: HS rn luyn k nng: phn bit phenol v ancol thm, vn dng cc tnh cht ho hc ca phenol gii ng cc bi tp. B. Chun b: - M hnh lp ghp minh ho phenol, ancol thm. - Th nghim C6H5OH tan trong dd NaOH. - Th nghim C6H5OH tc dng vi dd Br2. C. Phng php ch yu: - Thng qua th nghim. - Nu vn v gii quyt vn . - Nghin cu SGK rt ra kt lun. D. T chc cc hot ng dy hc:
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 113 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng ca thy Hot ng 1: GV: Vit cng thc 2 cht ln bng ri cho bit s ging v khc nhau v cu to ca 2 cht. GV dn dt n nh ngha SGk. GV hng dn cch gi tn. Hot ng 2: GV hng dn HS c SGK. Lu HS: nhm -OH phi lin kt trc tip vi vng benzen.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Hot ng ca tr I. nh ngha, phn loi v tnh cht vt l. 1. nh ngha: SGK VD: Phenol C6H5OH o-crezol CH3-C6H4-OH Ancol thm C6H5CH2OH(ancol benzylic 2. Phn loi. - Nhng phenol m phn t c cha 1 nhm -OH thuc loi monophenol. VD: CH3-C6H4-OH - Nhng phenol m phn t c cha nhiu nhm -OH thuc loi poliphenol VD: C6H4(OH)2 3. Tnh cht vt l: SGK.
Hot ng 3: GV thuyt trnh v cc tnh cht vt l theo trnh by ca SGK. Hot ng 4: GV lm th nghim kt hp dy hc nu vn . GV: Tnh axit ca phenol mnh ti mc no?
II. Tnh cht ho hc. 1. Tnh axit. VD: C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa +H2O C6H5ONa +CO2 + H2O C6H5OH + NaHCO3 Phenol c tnh axit mnh hn ancol, nhng tnh axit ca n cn yu hn c axit cacbonic. 2. Phn ng th vng bezen. Hot ng 5: C6H5OH + 3Br2 C6H2Br3OH + 3HBr GV: Lm th nghim, HS quan st, GV Phn ng th nhn thm ca gip HS gii thch hin tng. phenol d hn bezen v c 3 nguyn t H cc v tr 0, p u b th. 3. nh hng qua li gia cc Hot ng 6: nguyn t trong phn t phenol. GV phn tch cc hiu ng trong - Lin kt O-H tr nn phn cc hn, phn t phenol. lm cho nguyn t H linh ng hn. Cp electron cha tham gia lin kt ca - Mt electron vng benzen tng nguyn t oxi do cch cc electron ln nht l cc v tr o v p, lm cho ca vng benzen ch 1 lin kt nn phn ng th d dng hn. tham gia lin hp vi cc electron ca - Lin kt C-O tr nn bn vng hn vng bezen lm cho mt electron so vi ancol, v th nhm -OH phenol dch chuyn vo vng bezen. khng b th bi gc axit nh nhm OH ancol Hot ng 7: III. iu ch v ng dng. GV thuyt trnh v phng php ch 1. iu ch. yu iu ch phenol trong cng CH =CHCH , H C6H5CH(CH3)2 C6H6 nghip hin nay l sn xut ng thi 1,O ( kk ); 2 , H SO C6H5OH + CH3COCH3 phenol v axeton theo s phn ng sau. 2. ng dng: SGK. GV: Phenol l mt nguyn liu quan trng ca cng nghip ho cht. Bn cnh li ch m phenol em li cn bit tnh c hi ca n vi con ngi
2 3 +
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 114 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang v mi trng. Hot ng 8: Cng c bi. GV: T cu to ca phenol hy suy ra nhng tnh cht ho hc chnh m n c th c. Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 2,...,6 SGK trang 232 v 233.
IV . Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : 2. Dn d :
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
Bi 56: Luyn tp - Ancol, phenol. A.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Cng c kin thc: Thng qua vic h thng ho kin thc v luyn tp theo vn GV lm cho HS: - Hiu mi lin h gia cu trc v tnh cht c trng ca ancol, phenol. - Hiu s ging nhau v khc nhau v tnh cht ho hc gia ancol v phenol. 2. Rn luyn k nng: HS tham gia vo cc hot ng luyn tp qua t hnh thnh cc k nng sau: - K nng so snh, tm mi lin h gia cc kin thc c bn lp bng tng kt, t bit cch nh c h thng. - K nng c lp suy ngh vn dng kin thc vo bi tp. B. Chun b: GV: Hng dn HS n tp v chun b trc bi luyn tp tham gia tho lun ti lp. GV phtcopy bng tng kt cc kin thc cn nh treo ln bng lm phng tin hng dn luyn tp chung cho c lp. C. Phng php ch yu: - Phng php m thoi cng c l thuyt. - Chia thnh cc nhm gii bi tp. D. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr Hot ng 1: I. Cng c l thuyt. GV yu cu HS vit cu trc phn t 1. Ancol. ancol. - Cu trc: R-O-H - Tnh cht ho hc: 1 GV cho HS nu tnh cht ho hc ca ROH + Na RONa + H2 ancol v vit cc phng trnh phn 2 ng. Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng - 115 -
GV cho HS nu cc phng php iu ch ancol vit cc PTHH v nu ng dng ca ancol.
Hot ng 2: GV yu cu HS vit cu trc phn t phenol. GV cho HS nu tnh cht ho hc ca phenol v vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC ROH + Na Khng phn ng ROH + HA RA + H2O H SO ,140 C 2ROH 2ROR + H2O H SO ,170 C ROH Anken - iu ch: + Hirat ho anken + Th X thnh OH: R-X + NaOH t ROH + NaX - ng dng: Sn xut anehit, axit, este, cht do, dung mi, nhin liu, ung, dc phm. 2. Phenol. - Cu trc: OH
2 4 0 2 4 0
0
- Tnh cht ho hc: C6H5OH + Na C6H5ONa +

1 H2 2
GV cho HS nu phng php iu ch ancol vit cc PTHH v nu ng dng ca phenol. Hot ng 3: Chia HS thnh nhm tho lun v gii quyt 7 bi tp trong SGK trang 235. Bi tp v nh: lm cc bi tp trong SBT. IV . Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : 2. Dn d :
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O C6H5OH + HCl Khng phn ng C6H5OH + 3Br2 3HBr + 2,4,6Br3C6H2OH - iu ch: 1,O C6H5CH(CH3)2 2 , H SO C6H5OH - ng dng : Sn xut xht do, thuc n, dc phm, phm nhum, thuc tr dch hi. II. Bi tp: HS tho lun cc bi tp theo nhm v c i din bo co kt qu, c lp theo di v b sung kin xy dng bi.
2 2 4
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013 - 116 -
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Bi 57: Thc hnh - Tnh cht ca mt vi dn xut halogen, ancol, phenol. A.Mc tiu thc hnh: 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca mt s dn xut halogen, ancol, phenol. 2. K nng: Rn luyn tnh thn trng, chnh xc khi tin hnh th nghim vi cc cht chy, n, c. B. Chun b dng c th nghim v ho cht cho mt nhm thc hnh. 1. Dng c th nghim. - ng nghim: 5 - Kp ng nghim: 1 - Gi ng nghim: 1 - ng ht nh git: 1 - n cn: 1 2. Ho cht: - 1,2-icloetan hoc clorofom - dd NaOH 20% - dd NaOH 10% - HNO3 - HCl - dd CuSO4 5% - Glixerol - Etanol - dd phenol bo ho - Nc brom - Phenol - dd AgNO3 C. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr Th nghim 1: Th nghim 1: Thu phn dn xut Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn halogen. ca SGK. HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn Lu : Cn axit ho bng HNO3 ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra v trnh hin tng to kt ta AgOH. gii thch. CH2Cl-CH2Cl + 2NaOH CH2(OH)CH2(OH) + 2NaCl Cl- + Ag+ AgCl Th nghim 2: Th nghim 2: Tc dng ca glixerol Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn vi ng(II) hiroxit. ca SGK. HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra gii thch v vit phng trnh phn ng. Th nghim 3: Th nghim 3: Tc dng ca phenol Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn vi brom. ca SGK. HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra gii thch v vit phng trnh phn ng. C6H5OH + 3Br2 C6H2Br3OH + 3HBr Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng - 117 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Th nghim 4: GV hng dn HS cch nhn bit ba ho cht .
Hng dn hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu, nu cch tin hnh, hin tng xy ra v gii thch hin tng, vit pthh xy ra.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Th nghim 4: Bi tp nhn bit. Phn bit ba dd etanol, glixerol v phenol cha trong ba l khng nhn. Hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu: 1.Tn hc sinh............................Lp....... 2. Tn bi thc hnh: Tnh cht ca mt vi dn xut halogen, ancol, phenol. 3. Ni dung tng trnh: Trnh by cch tin hnh th nghim, m t hin tng quan st c, gii thch, vit phng trnh ho hc cc th nghim
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 118 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Bi 58: Anhit v xeton A.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - nh ngha, cu trc, phn loi, danh php, tnh cht ho hc ca anehit v xeton. - Tnh cht vt l, phng php sn xut mi trong cng nghip v ng dng ca fomanehit v xeton. HS hiu:Tnh cht ho hc ca anehit v xeton. 2. K nng: - Da vo c im cu trc nh ngha, phn loi anehit, xeton. - c ng tn anhit, xeton theo IUPAC v theo danh php thng thng. - Da trn c im cu trc, quan st th nghim hiu tnh cht ca cht. B. Chun b: - M hnh nhm cacbonyl, phn t anehit fomic, phn t axeton. - Dung dch fomanehit, dd axetandehit trong nc, axeton, dd brom, dd KMnO4, dd AgNO3/NH3. C. Phng php ch yu: - Thng qua th nghim. - Nu vn v gii quyt vn . - Nghin cu SGK rt ra kt lun. D. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr Hot ng 1: I. nh ngha, cu trc, phn loi, GV vit ln bng cng thc ca ba danh php v tnh cht vt l. cht, cho HS nhn xt. 1. nh ngha v cu trc. GV ghi nhn cc kin ca HS, t a. nh ngha: SGK. dn n cc nh ngha SGK. VD: HCH=O fomanhit CH3CH=O axetanehit CH3 - C = O axeton CH3 GV so snh cu trc theo hnh 9.1 b. Cu trc ca nhm cacbonyl: SGK, t gip HS d on kh nng - Nguyn t C trng thi lai ho sp2 xy ra phn ng ho hc. - Lin kt i C=O gm mt lin kt bn v mt lin kt km bn. - Cc phn ng ca nhm cacbonyl c nhng im ging v khc so vi nhm C=C . Hot ng 2: 2. Phn loi. GV gip HS nhn xt phn t anehit VD: CH3-CH=O anehit no hoc xeton gm hai phn l phn gc CH2=CH-CH=O anehit khng hirocacbon v phn nhm chc. Do no vy chng thng c phn loi theo C6H5CH=O anehit thm cu to gc-chc. CH3 -CO-CH3 xeton no. Hot ng 3: CH3 -CO-C6H5 xeton thm. GV nu quy tc, sau gi tn lm 3. Danh php. mu, ri cho HS vn dng. a. Anehit: VD: HCH=O metanal ( fomanehit, anehitfomic ) CH3CH=O etanal ( axetanehit, GV nu quy tc, sau gi tn lm anhit axetic ) ... mu, ri cho HS vn dng. GV gip HS b. Xeton. sa khi c sai. VD: CH3-CO-CH3 propan-2-on
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 119 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang CH3-CO-CH2-CH3 Hot ng 4: HS quan st cc dd fomanehit, axetanehit, axeton kt hp vi c SGK rt ra cc nhn xt v tnh cht vt l. Hot ng 5: Cng c phn va hc bng cch sa chung ti lp bi tp 1 SGK. Hot ng 6: Em hy nu r s ging nhau v khc nhau gia 2 loi lin kt sau y, t d on cc phn ng ho hc m anhit v xeton c th tham gia. Hot ng 7: GV: Anhit v xeton cng hiro vo lin kt i ca nhm ccbonyl. HS vit PTHH. Hot ng 8: GV vit phn ng anehit tc dng vi HCN, ri cho HS vit phn ng axeton tc dng vi HCN. Phn ng cng hiro xianua vo nhm cacbonyl ca anhit hoc xeton to thnh sn phm bn. Hot ng 9: GV lm th nghim so snh. HS quan st nhn xt. GV: anhit rt d b oxi ho, n lm mt mu dd brom, dd KMnO4 v b oxi ho thnh axit cacboxylic. GV lm th nghim. HS quan st. Phn ng ny c ng dng nhn bit anhit v trng gng, trng rut phch. Xeton khng c phn ng ny. Hot ng 10: GV trnh by nh SGk. Hot ng 11: GV cho HS vit nt v phi ca phng trnh ho hc. Nhn xt cht to thnh t rt ra phng php chung iu ch anhit, xeton t ancol.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC imetyl xeton butan-2-on
etylmetylxeton ... 4. Tnh cht vt l: SGK.
II. Tnh cht ho hc.
1. Phn ng cng. a. Phn ng cng hiro. Ni ,t VD: CH3CH=O + H2 CH3CH2-OH Ni ,t CH3-CO-CH3+H2 CH3CH(OH)CH3 b. Phn ng cng nc, cng hiro xianua H2C=O + HOH H2C(OH)2 (khng bn ) CH3-CO-CH3 + H-CN CH3-C(OH)-CH3
0 0
CN Xianohirin 2. Phn ng oxi ho. a. Tc dng vi brom v kali pemanganat RCH=O + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr KMnO RCH=O RCOOK +MnO2 + H2O
4
CH3COCH3 CH3COOH + HCOOH b. Tc dng vi ion bc trong dd amoniac AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O [Ag(NH3)2]OH + NH4NO3 R-CH=O +2[Ag(NH3)2]OHR-COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O 3. Phn ng gc hirocacbon. COOH CH3-CO-CH3 + Br2 CH CH3-CO-CH2Br + HBr III. iu ch v ng dng: 1. iu ch. a. T ancol. CH3CH2OH +CuOCH3CHO +Cu + H2O
3
KMnO4 , H + , t 0
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 120 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang GV trnh by nh SGK. Hot ng 12: GV su tm cc mu vt, nh, phim gii thiu cho HS. GV: fomanehit, axetandehit, axeton l nguyn liu quan trng ca cng nghip ho cht. Hot ng 13: Cng c ton bi bng bi tp 7 SGK. Bi tp v nh: Bi 1, 2, ..., 10 SGK trang 242, 243, 244.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC CH3CH(OH))CH3 + CuO CH3-CO-CH3 + Cu + H2O Ag , 600 C 2CH3-OH 2HCH=O + 2H2O b. T hirocacbon. xt ,t CH4 + O2 HCH=O + H2O PdCl ,CuCl 2CH2=CH2 + O2 2CH3CH=O 2. ng dng: HS tham kho SGk.
0
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
Bi 59: Luyn tp - Anehit v xeton. A.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Cng c kin thc: H thng ho kin thc v anehit v xeton. 2. Rn luyn k nng: - So snh s ging nhau v khc nhau v cu trc v tnh cht ho hc ca anehit v xeton. - Gii bi tp nhn bit, so snh, iu ch. B. Chun b: GV: Hng dn HS n tp v chun b trc bi luyn tp tham gia tho lun ti lp. GV phng to bng tng kt v anehit v xeton lm dng dy hc. C. Phng php ch yu: - Phng php m thoi cng c l thuyt. - Chia thnh cc nhm gii bi tp. D. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 121 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Hot ng 1: GV yu cu HS vit cu trc phn t anehit. GV vit lin kt hiro gia phn t anehit vi nc.
GV yu cu HS nu tnh cht ho hc v vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
GV cho HS nu cc phng php iu ch anehit vit cc PTHH v nu ng dng ca anehit. Hot ng 2: GV yu cu HS vit cu trc phn t xeton. GV vit lin kt hiro gia phn t xeton vi nc.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC I. Cng c l thuyt. 1. Anehit. - Cu trc: R C=O H - dd c lin kt hiro vi nc. H - C = O ... H - O - H ... R - C1 v C2 l cht kh cn li l cht lng hoc rn, ts cao hn hirocacbon nhng thp hn ancol tng ng, C1 v C2 tan tt trong nc. - Tnh cht ho hc: Ni ,t RCH=O + H2 RCH2OH RCH=O + HCN RCH(OH)CN R-CH=O +2[Ag(NH3)2]OHR-COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O HO RCH=O + Br2 R-COOH + 2HBr - iu ch: ,t RCH2OH CuO RCH=O xt ,t 2CH3OH + O2 2HCH=O + 2H2O - ng dng: SGK. 2. Xeton:
0
- Cu trc:
R C=O
,
GV cho HS nu tnh cht ho hc ca xeton v vit cc phng trnh phn ng.
GV cho HS nu phng php iu ch xeton vit cc PTHH v nu ng dng ca xeton. Hot ng 3: Chia HS thnh nhm tho lun v gii quyt bi 1, 2, ..., 6 trong SGK trang 246.
R - dd c lin kt hiro vi nc. R,- C = O ... H - O - H ... R - Cc xeton l cht lng hoc rn, c ts cao hn hirocacbon nhng thp hn ancol tng ng. Axeton tan v hn trong nc, khi s C trong phn t tng th tan trong nc gim dn. - Tnh cht ho hc: , Ni ,t R,COR + H2 R CH(OH)R R,COR + HCN R,C(CN)(OH)R Khng c phn ng trng bc. COOH CH3-CO-CH3 + Br2 CH CH3-CO-CH2Br + HBr - iu ch: , ,t R,CH(OH)R CuO R COR C6H5CH(CH3)2 C6H5OH + CH3COCH3 - ng dng: SGK. II. Bi tp: HS tho lun cc bi tp theo nhm v c i din bo co kt qu, c lp theo di v b sung kin xy dng bi.
0
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 122 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi tp v nh: Lm bi 7, 8, ..., 12 SGK trang 246 v 247, lm cc bi tp trong SBT.
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
Bi 60: Axit cacboxylic- Cu trc, danh php v tnh cht vt l A.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: nh ngha, phn loi, danh php ca axit cacboxylic. HS hiu:Mi lin quan gia cu trc ca nhm v lin kt hiro axit cacboxylic vi tnh cht vt l v ho hc ca chng. 2. K nng: - c tn ng v vit ng cng thc. Nhn vo cng thc cu to bit phn loi cht ng. - Vn dng cu trc hiu ng tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc v gii ng bi tp. B. Chun b: - M hnh phn t axit fomic, axit axetic, etyl axetat. - Axit fomic, axit axetic. C. Phng php ch yu: - Ti hin kin thc hc lp 9. - Thng qua th nghim. - Nu vn v gii quyt vn . - Nghin cu SGK rt ra kt lun. D. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr Hot ng 1: I. nh ngha, phn loi, danh GV vit ln bng CTCT 2 cht. Em cho php. bit c nhm nguyn t no ging 1. nh ngha: SGK nhau trong hai cht ny. VD: CH3-COOH H-COOH Hot ng 2: GV hng dn HS nhn xt phn t axit 2. Phn loi. cacboxylic gm phn gc v phn - Axit no, mch h, n chc: nhm chc -COOH. HS cn c vo CT chung: CnH2n+1COOH Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng - 123 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang phn loi nh SGK.
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC VD: HCOOH ; CH3COOH ... - Axit khng no: VD: CH2=CHCOOH ; CH C-COOH - Axit thm: VD C6H5-COOH - Axit a chc: Hot ng 3: VD: HOOC-COOH ; HOOCCH2COOH GV nu quy tc c tn. 3. Danh php. GV c mu ri cho HS tp vn dng. VD: H-COOH Axit fomic ; Axit metanoic CH3-COOH Axit axetic ; Axit etanoic C2H5COOHAxit propionic;Axit propanoic Hot ng 4: II. Cu trc v tnh cht vt l. GV ch vo hnh 9.2a SGK v cung 1. Cu trc. cp t liu cho HS. - Nhm -COOH c xem nh hp bi GV hi: nhm cacbonyl (C=O) v nhm - S dch chuyn electron nhm hiroxyl cacboxyl dn ti s phn cc (-OH) v th c gi l nhm nhm ny nh th no? cacboxyl. - S dch chuyn electron nhm - Nguyn t hiro nhm -OH axit tr cacboxyl c th dn ti cc h qu g? nn linh ng hn nhm -OH ancol, Hot ng 5: phenol v phn ng ca nhm C=O GV m thoi gi m v tnh cht vt axit cng khng cn ging nh ca l theo h thng cu hi dn dt. nhm C=O anehit, xeton. im si cao hn anehit, xeton v c 2. Tnh cht vt l. ancol c cng s nguyn t cacbon. D - L cht lng hoc cht rn. kin ny gip ta suy lun ra iu g? - im si cao hn anehit, xeton v Em hy dng hnh 9.3 SGK gii c ancol c cng s nguyn t cacbon. thch. Nguyn nhn c s hnh thnh lin kt hiro lin phn t. ... O=C - O - H ... O=C - O - H ... R R - Cc axit fomic, axetic, propionic tan Hot ng 6: v hn trong nc. Khi s nguyn t C Cng c: Tho lun v sa bi tp 1, 2 tng th tan trong nc gim. SGK. Bi tp v nh: Bi 2, 3, 4, 5 SGK trang 250 v 251. IV . Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : 2. Dn d :
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 124 -
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
Bi 61: Axit cacboxylic- Tnh cht ho hc, iu ch v ng dng A.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: Vn dng kin thc hc vo phn ng ca gc hirocacbon ca axit cacboxylic, bit phng php iu ch v ng dng ca axit cacboxylic. HS hiu:Mi lin quan gia cu trc v tnh cht ca nhm cacboxyl. 2. K nng: - Nhn xt s liu ; th rt ra quy lut. - Vn dng tnh cht ho hc nh ra cch iu ch ; cch nhn bit. B. Chun b: Th nghim lng nh ca phn ng gia CH3COOH + C2H5OH. Mu vt minh ho cho phn ng dng. C. Phng php ch yu: - Ti hin kin thc hc lp 9. - Thng qua th nghim. - Nu vn v gii quyt vn . - Nghin cu SGK rt ra kt lun. D. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr Hot ng 1: I. Tnh cht ho hc. GV: Axit cng in li cho nhiu H3O+ 1. Tnh axit v nh hng ca th Ka cng ln hay tnh axit cng nhm th. mnh. DO vy Ka l mc o lc axit. R-COOH + HOH H3O+ + R-COOGV cho HS vn dng. [ H 3 O + ][ RCOO ] Ka = Nhn vo gi tr Ka, cho bit axit [ RCOOH ] cacboxylic l nhng axit yu hay VD: SGK. mnh? GV: Tuy vy cc axit cacboxylic c - Cc nhm ankyl y e lm lc axit tnh cht ca mt axit. gim. - Cc nguyn t c A ln gc R ht e lm tng lc axit. VD: SGK. 2. Phn ng to thnh dn xut axit. Hot ng 2: a. Phn ng vi ancol (phn ng este GV hng dn HS nghin cu kt qu ho) th nghim trn th t rt ra VD: CH3-COOH + C2H5-OH nhn xt. CH3-COO-C2H5 + H2O Phn ng gia axit cacboxylic v ancol Tng qut: c c im g?
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 125 -
Hot ng 3: GV m t theo SGK. Hot ng 4: GV: Do nh hng ca nhm C=O m nguyn t hiro gn vi nguyn t C bn cnh nhm C=O c th cho phn ng th vi nguyn t halogen. Hot ng 5: GV: Nhm cacboxyl nh hng cho nhm th tip theo vo v tr no?
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC R-COOH + R -OH R-COOR, + H2O Chiu thun l phn ng este ho, chiu nghch l phn ng thu phn este. b. Phn ng tch nc lin phn t. PO VD: 2CH3COOH (CH3)O + H2O Anhirit axetic 3. Phn ng gc hirocacbon. a. Phn ng th gc no. VD: CH3CH2CH2COOH + Cl2 P CH3CH2CHClCOOH + HCl
,
2 5
b. Phn ng th gc thm. COOH H SO + HNO3 O2N Hot ng 6: COOH GV: Axit khng no tham gia phn ng + H2O cng H2, Br2, Cl2... nh hirocacbon c. Phn ng cng vo gc khng no. khng no. VD: CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COOH + H2 Ni ,t HS vit PTHH. C17H35COOH ( axit stearic ) CH3CH=CHCOOH + Br2 CH3CHBr - CHBrCOOH Hot ng 7: II. iu ch v ng dng. GV: Chng ta hc hirocacbon, dn 1. iu ch. xut halogen, ancol, anehit, xeton. a. Trong phng th nghim. Em c th xut pht t mt cht c - T hirocacbon: th ca mt trong cc cht trn CH3CH3 CH3CH2Cl CH3CH2OH iu ch axit cacboxylic c khng? CH3CH=O CH3COOH C6H5-CH3 C6H5COOK C6H5-COOH Hot ng 8: - T dn xut halogen: GV hng dn HS c SGK v sn xut KCN H O ,t R-X R-C N R-COOH axit axetic. b. Trong cng nghip. C my phng php sn xut axit Mengiam , 25 30 C CH3CH2OH + O2 axetic? CH3COOH + H2O
2 4
0
CH3CH=O + Hot ng 9: GV hng dn HS c SGK. Hot ng 10: Cng c ton bi bng cch tin hnh gii ti lp bi 1, 2, 3, 5 SGK. Bi tp v nh: 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 trang 257 SGK.
xt ,t CH3OH + CO CH3COOH 2. ng dng: HS tham kho SGk.

0
1 xt ,t O2 CH3COOH 2
0
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 126 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 26 Tit : 54
Bi 62: Luyn tp - Axit cacboxylic. A.Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Cng c kin thc: - Hiu thm v mi lin quan gia cu trc phn t vi tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc v phng php iu ch ca axit cacboxylic. - Bit cc ng dng thng thng ca axit cacboxylic. 2. Rn luyn k nng: - K nng so snh v tm mi lin h gia cc kin thc c bn lp bng tng kt, t bit cch nh c h thng. - Gii bi tp nhn bit, so snh, iu ch, bi ton ho hc. B. Chun b: GV: Hng dn HS n tp trc nh v cc kin thc cn nh v son trc cc bi tp bi 62 c th tham gia cc hot ng luyn tp ti lp. C. Phng php ch yu: - Phng php m thoi cng c l thuyt. - Chia thnh cc nhm gii bi tp. D. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr Hot ng 1: I. Cng c l thuyt. GV hng dn HS tho lun v mi quan 1. Tnh cht ho hc: h gia cc cht v axit cacboxylic - S in li: RCOOH ROO- + H+ theo s u bi luyn tp trong - Tc dng vi kim : SGK. RCOOH + OH- RCOO- + HOH - Tc dng vi kim loi : 2RCOOH + Mg (RCOO)2Mg + H2 - Phn ng este ho : RCOOH + R,OH RCOOR, + H2O GV cho HS vit cc phng trnh phn - Tch nc thnh anhirit axit: ng v cc phng trnh iu ch. 2RCOOH (RCO)2O + H2O 2. iu ch: KCN H O ,t R-X R-C N R-COOH O R-OH R-COOH R-CH=O O R-COOH R - R, R -COOH II. Bi tp. Bi 1, 3 : HS lm cc bi tp ny. Hot ng 2: Rn luyn nng lc t cu to suy ra tnh cht. GV dn dt Bi 2: HS lm bi tp 2. HS sa bi tp 1, 3. Hot ng 3: HS luyn tp v nng lc t cu to suy ra tnh cht vt l. Bi 4, 5 : HS lm cc bi tp ny. GV dn dt HS sa bi tp 2. Hot ng 4: HS luyn tp hnh thnh k nng t tnh cht ho hc suy ra phng php iu ch. GV dn dt HS sa bi tp 4, 5 SGK. Hot ng 5: HS luyn tp hnh Bi 6 : HS lm bi tp 6. thnh k nng vn dng tnh cht ho
3 + 0
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 127 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang hc, suy ra cch nhn bit. GV dn dt HS sa bi tp 6. Hot ng 6: HS luyn tp v nng lc vn dng tnh cht ho hc, gii bi ton ho hc. GV dn dt HS sa bi tp 7, 8, 9. Hot ng 7: HS tr li s u bi 62 cng c theo cu hi: tm cc th d minh ho s bin i t cht ny qua cht khc theo mi tn ghi trong s . Bi tp v nh: Lm cc bi trong SBT. IV . Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : 2. Dn d :
Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Bi 7, 8, 9: HS lm cc bi tp ny.
Tun : 26 Tit : 54
Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Ngy dy : 19/02/2013
Bi 63: Thc hnh - Tnh cht ca anehit v axit cacboxylic. A.Mc tiu thc hnh: 1. Kin thc: Bit lm th nghim trng bc nhn bit anehit, phng php th nghim phn bit cc cht hc.
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 128 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC 2. K nng: Tip tc rn luyn k nng thc hnh th nghim ho hu c. B. Chun b dng c th nghim v ho cht cho mt nhm thc hnh. 1. Dng c th nghim. - ng nghim: 5 - Kp ng nghim: 1 - Gi ng nghim: 1 - ng ht nh git: 1 - n cn: 1 2. Ho cht: - dd AgNO3 1% - dd NH3 5% - dd fomanehit 40% - CH3COOH - Anehit axetic - Etanal - Giy qu tm - Nc nng 60 - 700C C. T chc cc hot ng dy hc: Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr Th nghim 1: Th nghim 1: Phn ng trng gng. Tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca SGK. ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra v Lu : Cn ra sch ng nghim. gii thch. Sau khi nh dd fomanehit AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O [Ag(NH3)2]OH + 40% c th un nng nh ng NH4NO3 nghim. Dung dch fomanehit c nh vo tc dng vi phc [Ag(NH3)2]OH, anehit kh Ag+ thnh Ag kim loi. Th nghim 2: Phn ng c trng Th nghim 2: ca anehit v axit cacboxylic. Tin hnh th nghim di s hng dn HS tin hnh th nghim nh hng dn ca GV. ca SGK, quan st hin tng xy ra gii thch v vit phng trnh phn ng. CH3-CH=O +2[Ag(NH3)2]OH CH3-COONH4+ 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O Hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu: 1.Tn hc sinh............................Lp....... 2. Tn bi thc hnh: Tnh cht ca anehit v axit cacboxylic. 3. Ni dung tng trnh: Trnh by cch tin hnh th nghim, m t hin tng quan st c, gii thch, vit phng trnh ho hc cc th nghim
Hng dn hc sinh vit tng trnh th nghim theo mu, nu cch tin hnh, hin tng xy ra v gii thch hin tng, vit pthh xy ra.
IV . Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c : 2. Dn d : KIM TRA A. TRC NGHIM: cu 1) Hp cht no ca nit khng c tao ra khi cho kim loi t/d vi dd HNO3 ? A. NO B. N2O C. NO2 D. N2O5 Cu2) Trong P F3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O c tng h s ca cc cht trong PT l: A. 45 B. 55 C. 35 D. 25
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 129 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Cu 3) Hn hp kh X gm CO2 v N2 c t khi so vi H2 l 18. Phn trm khi lng ca N2 trong hn hp l: A. 20% B. 80% C. 38,89% D. 61,11% Cu 4 ) Nhit phn hon ton 9,4g mui nitrat ca kim loi M thu c 4,0g cht rn l oxit kim loi. Kim loi M l : A. Fe B. Cu C. Zn D. Pb Cu 5) Cho a mol NO2 hp th hon ton vo dd cha a mol NaOH. Dung dch thu c c pH l: A. pH = 0 B. pH = 7 C. pH > 7 D. pH < 7 Cu 6) Dung dch amoniac c th ho tan c Zn(OH)2 l do : A. Zn(OH)2 l hiroxit lng tnh. B. Zn(OH)2 l baz t tan. C. Zn(OH)2 c kh nng to phc tan vi NH3. D. NH3 l baz yu. Hy chn cu ng. B. T LUN: Cu7) Gii thch v dn ra nhng PHH minh ho cho nhng cht sau: A. NH3 ch c tnh kh. B. N2 va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ho. C. HNO3 ch c tnh oxi ho. Cu8 ) Cho 200 ml dd H3PO4 0,5M t/d vi 100 ml dd NaOH 2,5M. Sau khi P kt thc, trong dd c nhng mui no ? khi lng bao nhiu gam ? Cu9) C hh gm Cu, Fe, Al khi lng 11,4 gam. - Nu cho hh vo dd HNO3 c, ngui, d thu c 2,24 lt kh mu nu thot ra. - Nu cho hh vo dung dch HCl d, thu c 7,84 lt kh mu nu thot ra. Cc kh u o ktc. Vit cc PTHH xy ra v tnh khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp ?
P N: A. Trc nghim(3,0): Mi cu ng cho 1/2 im. Cu th p n 1 D 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 D 6 C
B. T lun: Cu 7 (1,5 ) Gii thch v vit PT c mi trng hp, cho 1/2 im. Cu 8) (2,0 ) - vit 3 pt c th xy ra - l gii to thnh Na2HPO4 v Na3PO4 - thit lp 2 pt i s v gii HPT tm c S mol Na2HPO4 = s mol Na3PO4 = 0,05 mol - suy ra khi lng Na2HPO4 = 7,1g Na3PO4 = 8,2g Cu9) (2,5 ) - vit PTP vi HNO3 v tnh c mCu = 3,2g - suy ra tng khi lng Fe v Al l 8,2g
0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,75 0,5 - 130 -
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC - vit 2 PTP vi HCl 0,25 - Lp HPT i s v gii tm ra nFe = 0,05 ; nAl = 0,2 0,5 - suy ra khi lng Fe = 2,8g ; Al = 5,4g 0,5 Tun : 26 CHNG VIII: DN XUT HALOGEN.ANCOL-PHENOL Ngy son : 17/02/2013 Tit : 54 BI 52: LUYN TP DN XUT HALOGEN Ngy dy : 19/02/2013 Tit 68 KIM TRA VIT I. MC TIU BI HC: - Kim tra kin thc ca HS. - Phn loi HS. II. CHUN B: - GV: kim tra v p n chi tit. - HS: n tp k kin thc ca 2 chng (chng 4,5). III. T CHC GI HC. A. BI: * Phn trc nghim: HS la chn p n ng trong cc cu sau y. Cu 1: Cht no sau y c tn gi l 2-metylpropen ? A. CH2=CHCH3. B. CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3. C. CH3CH=CHCH3. D. CH2=C(CH3)2. Cu 2: Khi dng vi lng d tng cht trong mi cp no sau y u c th lm mt mu dd KMnO 4 long ? A. propen v xiclobutan. B. eten v but-1-en. C. but-2-en v propan. D. butan v propan. Cu 3: Cho cc cht sau: CH3CH(CH3)2 (I); CH2=CH2 (II); CH3CH=CHCH2CH3 (III); CHCl=CHCl (IV). Cht c ng phn hnh hc l: A. (I). B. (II), (IV). C. (III), (IV). D. (I), (II). + Cu 4: Sn phm chnh khi cho propen tc dng vi nc (xc tc H ) l: A. CH3CH(OH)CH3. B. CH3CH2CH2OH. C. CH2=CH(OH)CH3. D. c (A) v (B) ng. Cu 5: Khi cho toluen tc dng vi clo (c bt st xc tc) th thu c sn phm l: A. benzyl clorua. B. o- clotoluen. C. o- clotoluen v p- clotoluen. D. m- clotoluen. Cu 6: Cp cht no sau y cng phn ng vi dd AgNO3 trong NH3 ? A. CH CH v CH3C CCH3. B. CH CCH3 v CH CCH2CH3. C. CH CCH3 v CH3C CCH3. D. CH CCH2CH3 v CH3C CCH3. * t lun: Cu 7: Vit cc PTHH (ghi r iu kin nu c) hon thnh s sau: C2H2 CH2=CH2 CH3CH2OH. Benzen CH2=CHCl. Cu 8: Bng PP ho hc hy phn bit 3 kh metan; etilen v axetilen ng trong 3 bnh ring bit, mt nhn. vit cc PTHH minh ho ? Cu 9: X l mt ankin. Dn a gam X vo dd nc brom d thy c 3,2 gam brom tham gia phn ng. Mt khc, t chy hon ton a gam X th thu c 0,896 lt kh CO2 (ktc). a) Vit cc PTHH ? b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X ? c) Vit cc cng thc cu to c th c ca X. Trong cc cu to , cht no phn ng c vi dd AgNO 3 trong NH3 ? Vit PTHH ?
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 131 -
Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang A. P N: * Trc nghim: (3,0 im) Mi cu ng cho 0,5 im S cu 1 2 3 p n D B C
4 A
5 C
6 B
* T lun: Cu 7: (2,0 im): Vit mi pthh ng ( k) cho 0,5 im. Nu thiu iu kin tr 1/2 im ca cu . Cu 8: (2,0 im): Trnh by c pp nhn bit c 2 cht u, vit pthh, cho 0,75 im i vi mi cht. Nu khng vit pthh, tr 1/2 s im. - Suy ra c cht cn li l cht no : Cho 0,5 im Cu 9 (3,0 im) a) Vit 2 pthh 1,0 im b) Xc nh c X l C4H6 1,0 im c) Ch c l but-1-in v vit pthh minh ho
1,0 im
Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng
- 132 -

Giao An Lop 11 Nang Cao Hoan Chinh

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Giao An Lop 11 Nang Cao Hoan Chinh

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Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 01 Tn bi Tit : 1, 2 N TP U NM

Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ngy son : 18/08/2012 Ngy dy : 21/08/2012

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang - Chun b bi : S in li Tun : 02 Tit : 3 Chng 1 : S IN LI Tn bi S IN LI

Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ngy son : 26/08/2012 Ngy dy : 27/08/2012

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang

Tun : 02 Tit : 4 I.Mc tiu bi hc. 1, Kin thc: - Hc sinh hiu:

Ngy son : 26/08/2012 Ngy dy : 28/08/2012

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang

Tun : 04 Tit : 7,8

Chng 1 : S IN LI Tn bi S IN LI CA NC. pH, CHT CH TH AXIT BAZ

Ngy son : 09/09/2012 Ngy dy : 11/09/2012

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ngy son : 16/09/2012 Ngy dy : 18/09/2012

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ngy son : 16/09/2012 Ngy dy : 21/09/2012

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC ng thu phn mui

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

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Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Trng THPT Lng Th Vinh KBang Tun : 07 Tit : 13

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

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Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ngy son : 30/09/2012 Ngy dy : 05/10/2012

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ngy son : 06/10/2012 Ngy dy : 09/10/2012

Hot ng 3: GV gi gip HS nh li: Tnh oxi ho, tnh kh, m in.

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ngy son : 06/10/2012 Ngy dy : 12/10/2012

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Bi ging mn Ha hc 11NC Ngy son : 14/10/2012 Ngy dy : 16/10/2012

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

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Tun : 10 Tit : 19, 20

Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi : AXITNITRIC-MUI NITRAT

Ngy son : 21/10/2012 Ngy dy : 23/10/2012

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V. Cng c v dn d : 1. Cng c bi.

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

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A. 8,32. B. 3,90. 2. Dn d : Bi 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 SGK trang 55.

Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng

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Chng II : NHM NIT Tn bi : LUYN TP TNH CHT CA NITO-HP CHT CA NITO

Ngy son : 28/10/2012 Ngy dy : 30/10/2012

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Gv: Nguyn Ch Dng