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Open Source Operating Systems
Open source software
(OSS) began as a marketing campaign for free software
[1]
 .OSS can bedefined ascomputer softwarefor which the human-readablesource codeis made available under  acopyright license(or arrangement such as the public domain
 
) that meets theOpen SourceDefinition. This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it inmodified or unmodified form. It is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Opensource software is the most prominent example of  open source development and often compared to user generated content
[2]
 . A report by Standish Groupsays that adoption of open sourcehas caused a drop in revenue to the proprietary softwareindustry by about $60 billion per year 
[3][4]
.
[edit] Open Source Definition
The
Open Source Definition
is used by theOpen Source Initiativeto determine whether or not asoftware license can be considered open source. The definition was based on theDebian Free Software Guidelines,written and adapted primarily  byBruce Perens.
Introduction
Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply withthe following criteria:
[edit]
 
Open source versus source-available
Although the OSI definition of "open source software" is widely accepted, a small number of  people and organizations use the term to refer to software where the source is available for viewing, but which may not legally be modified or redistributed. Such software is more oftenreferred to as
 source-available
, or as 
 shared source
,a term coined by Microsoft in opposition toopen source.
[edit] Pros and cons of open sourcesoftware
Software experts and researchers on open source software have identified several advantages anddisadvantages.Companies that offer open source software are able to establish an industrystandard and, thus, gain competitive advantage. It has also helped build developer loyalty asdevelopers feel empowered and have a sense of ownership of the end product. Moreover lesscosts of marketing and logistical services are needed for OSS. It also helps companies to keepabreast of all technology developments. The OSS development approach has helped producereliable, high quality software quickly and inexpensively.
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