1
-
cā
and
-hw
āŋ
in Kiranticlanonyms beyond morpho-semantics
Lal-Shyãkarelu Rapacha,
PhD
Research Institute for Kirãtology, NepalUniversity of Leipzig, Germany 3 January 2009, London, UK
1. Purpose
●
observe how Kiranti-ness is validthrough clanonym nomenclature andnominal morphemes
-
cā
and
-
hwāŋ
2. Distribution and representation
●
frequency of distribution andrepresentations of
-
cā
and
-
hwāŋ
morphemes in clanonymnomenclature
2.1 Kiranti-Kõits
ancestor: Khinchihwang; exonym:Sun(u)war, Bhujuwar, Pirthwar, Surel,Mukhi(y)a, Rai /-
cā/ or [
-
tsā]
-
cha
-
rf
●
more than 45 clanonyms ending insuch suffix (in Roman-Gorkhaliorthography elsewhere) are e.g.Kormocha, Rupacha, Tholocha, Rapachaetc. (cf. Vansittart 1896 and 1909,Rapacha 2005)
2.2 Kiranti-Bayung
ancestor: Paihwang (Rumdali, Roke,Pai, Necha, Hangu also Bahing)exonym: Rai (~Rajan >Raya) /-
cā/ or [
-
tsā] –
cha
–
rf
●
more than a dozen of clanonyms endsin such suffix e.g., Tolocha, Moblocha,Ripacha etc. (cf. Vansittart 1896 and1909, Rapacha et al. 2008)
2.3 Kiranti-RaDhu
ancestor: Wambuhang; Wambu(le),RaDu, exonym: Rai (~Rajan >Raya) /-c
ā
/ or [-ts
ā
]
–
cha
-
rf
and /-co/ or [-tso]
–
cho
-
rf]
●
more than a dozen of clanonyms end insuch suffix e.g., Rabhongcha,Dwarwangcha, Naksochacho, Sudimchoetc. (cf. Vansittart 1896 and 1909,Opgenort 2004, Rapacha et al. 2008)
2.4 Kiranti-Jerung
Jero, exonym: Rai (~Rajan >Raya) /-co/or [-tso] -
cho
-
rf ]
/-c
hā
/ or [-ts
hā
] -
chha
-
5f
/-chu/ or [-tshu] -chhu
-
5'
e.g.Brankemchha (Brangkhelcho),Hatachho, Mopochho, Saipachha,Kyampacho, Sekilcho Lahimcho,Domkhomchu (cf. Vansittart 1896 and1909)
2.5 Kiranti-Hayu
/-cho/ or [-tsho] -
cho
-
5f]
e.g. Dingticho, Kamalecho, Bagalekhcho,Bengchhalukhcho (cf. Michailovsky 1988: 31-32)
2.6 Kiranti-Radu
also Rodi, Dumi; exonym: Rai (~Rajan>Raya) /-cu/ or [-tsu] -
chu
-
r'
-
hāŋ/
or [-
ɦ
āŋ]
-
xfª
/-su/ or [-su] -
su
-
;'
e.g. Dimmachu, Khabachu, Sarachu,Raichu, Hamrachu, Turachu, Jipuchu,Riplachu, Halaksu, Chhachhahang(Satma-Dumi-Rai 1999: 3-11)
2.7 Kiranti-Khaling
also Khalung; exonym:Rai (~Rajan >Raya)/-c/ or [-ts] -
ch
-
r
/-so/ or [-so] -
so
-
;f ]
Beraluch, Halakso (cf. Vansittart 1896 and1909)
2.8 Kiranti-Kulung
also Khulung, Sotang, NamlungTamachhang, Pongyong; exonym: Rai(~Rajan >Raya) /-
chā/ or [
-
tshā]
-
5f
/-co/ or [-tso] -
cho
-
rf]
e.g. Eimuchha,Tomachha, Ngopocho, Sekachha
2.9 Kiranti-Nachiring
also Radu(ng), Rodung, Rodong;exonym: Rai (~Rajan >Raya)/-
cā/ or [
-
tsā]
-
rf
/-
chā/ or [
-
tshā]
-
5f
/-
hāŋ/ or [
-
ɦ
āŋ]
-
xfª
e.g. Hareluchha, Yatihang, Salicha
2.10 Kiranti-Rodung
ancestor: Calimhang (also Camalung,Camling, Rodong) exonym: Rai (~Rajan>Raya) /-
chā/ or [
-
tshā]
-chha
-
5f
●
hundreds of such clanonyms end in
-chha
e.g. Badachha, Nomnachha,Palangmochha, Yalungchha (Yalungcha2006, Rai et al. 2007)
2.11 Kiranti-Tilung
exonym: Rai (~Rajan >Raya) /-
chā
/ or[-
tshā]
-chha
-
5f
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