Obj.

3 Equations of Lines
The student will be able to (I can) Use slopes and equations of lines to investigate geometric relationships Use equations of lines to solve problems.

Point-Slope Form

Given the slope, m, and a point on the line (x x1, y1), the equation of the line is y y1 = m(x x1) Example: Write the equation of the line whose slope is 2, which goes through the point (1 1, 6) y 6 = 2(x 1)

SlopeGiven the slope, m, and b, the y-intercept, Intercept Form the equation of the line is y = mx + b Example: For m = 3 and y-intercept 7, find the equation of the line. y = 3 x + 7

Horizontal Line For a horizontal line (m m = 0), the equation of the line is y=b

Vertical Line

For a vertical line (m m = undefined), undefined the equation of the line is x = x1 Notice that this equation does not start with y=

Practice
Write the equations in point-slope form 2 1. m = 2; (3, 5) 2. m = ; (1, 2) 3 2 y 5 = 2(x 3) y 2 = (x 1) 3 3. m = 4; (1, 4) y 4= 4(x + 1) 4. m =
3 ; (2, 3) 4 3 y + 3 = (x + 2) 4

Write the equations in slope-intercept form 5. m = 6, b = 2 6. m = 1, b = 4 y = 6x + 2 y = x 4

Practice
7. Write the equation of the line through ( 1, 0) and (1, 2) in slope-intercept form. 20 2 m= = =1 1 (1) 2 Method #1 y 0 = 1(x + 1) y=x+1 Method #2 0 = (1 1)( 1 ) + b 0 = 1 + b 1=b y=x+1

Graphing Lines
Cut off the bottom edge of the foldable. Fold the right edge over to the line. Cut along the lines on the right side to the fold

Graphing Lines
2 Ex. Graph y = x + 3 3
Step 1: Plot the given We are given the y-intercept point so we put a point at (0, 3).
y

Step 2: From this point, count the rise up if the slope is positive and down if the slope is negative.

Our slope is 2 , so our rise

3

will be 2.
x

2 Ex. Graph y = x + 3 3
Step 3: From this new location, count the run to the right. right The run of our slope will be 3.
y

Step 4: Mark this point and connect the two points.

A useful variation of the point-slope form isolates the y variable by switching the y1 value to the other side: y = m(x x1) + y1 Example: Graph y = 2 ( x 3 ) + 1 Plot (3, 1) Slope = 2

Pairs of Lines
Two lines will do one of three things: Not intersect (parallel) Intersect at one point Intersect at all points (coincide)

 To determine which of these possibilities is true, look at the slope and y-intercept:
Parallel Lines y = 2x 9 y = 2x + 7 same slope, different intercept Intersecting Lines y = 3x + 5 y = 4x 1 different slopes Coinciding Lines y = 3x + 2 y 5 = 3(x 1) same slope, same intercept

To compare slopes and y-intercepts, put both equations in slope-intercept form (y=mx+b). If we do that to the last equation, we can see why the two coincide: y 5 = 3(x 1) y = 3x 3 + 5 y = 3x + 2