Lesson Two: Introduce yourself

Lesson goals
41. Lesson goals. In this aral you can expect to learn to: a. Introduce yourself, again b. Use word linkers c. Refer to persons and things as subject: ang-case d. Count to 10 e. Say pal, namn

Si Amado Si Nen Sin Amado at Nen

Pronunciation: word linkers

42. Linkers. Use linkers to connect words in the following situations:

a. b. c. d. 43.

Situation Adjective + noun Noun + adjective Pronoun + noun Pronoun + infinitive

Halimbaw Ma-ba-t na bat Ba-tang ma-ba-it I-yng a-nk Gus-t kong ku-ma-in

Linkers. Linkers make spoken Filipino sound better. People may understand you, if you omit linkers; but they will understand you better if you use them. Add ng to a word ending in a vowel Add g to a word ending in n.
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If a. A word ends in a vowel b. A word ends with n c. A word ends with a consonant

Do Add -ng Add g Use the separate word na

Halimbaw Ta-yo: ta-yong la-ht A-kin: a-king la-ru-n Ma-bils: ma-bi-ls na sasak-yn

Mga halimbaw: a. Ma-ra-mi ka-mng ga-ga-wn. b. Wa-l a-kng pu-pun-ta-hn. c. Sa-ng pa-a-ra-ln pu-ma-pa-sok ang mga a-nk mo? 44. Pagssanay 2-1. Modify the following phrases by adding the correct linker, as in the examples: Mga halimbaw: i-y + da-mt a-kin + co-che ma-sa-rp + u-lam a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. You hear ka-ni-l + ba-hay no-n + ling-g ma-hi-rap + ma-m a-min + ba-yan ma-ta-s + pu-n mu-ra + sa-pa-ts ma-ba-t + ba-t ma-si-pag + na-nay ta-o + gu-tm ba-t + bu-sg i-yng da-mt a-king co-che ma-sa-rp na u-lam You say ka-ni-lng ba-hay no-ng ling-g ma-hi-rap na ma-m a-ming ba-yan ma-ta-s na pu-n mu-rang sa-pa-ts ma-ba-t na ba-t ma-si-pag na na-nay ta-ong gu-tm ba-tng bu-sg

Pronunciation: stress and accent

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45.

Stress and accent. There are four classes of word stress and accent. All Filipino words fall into one of these four classes: a. b. c. d. Name of stress ma-lu-may ma-lu-m ma-bi-ls ma-rag-s Name of accent mark no accent grave accent acute accent circumflex accent Accent mark `

46.

Each class name is an example the stress and accent of the words in the class, that is, the words in each class have the same word stress and accent as the class name. Thus, all words in the malumay class have no accent. All words in the malum class have the grave accent. All words in the mabils class have the acute accent. All words in the marags class have the circumflex accent. Technically, the accents are part of the written language. In practice, however, many Filipino writers omit the accents. If you grew up with the language, you would know how to pronounce words from the context. If not, you would find the accents useful aids to pronunciation. Malumay. Place the stress on the second to the last syllable. There is no accent mark. Listen to the instructor or recording and practice saying the following: a. b. c. d. gu-mi-sing bu-ma-ngon mag-a-ga-han mag-bi-his to to to to wake up get up eat breakfast change clothes

47.

48.

49.

Malum As in malumay, emphasis in malum words is on the semifinal syllable. The difference is the glottal stop; stop the vowel sound short in the throat. It's like saying "uh-oh." The first syllable is stopped short in the throat. That is a glottal stop. Malum words are like that. Mark the last vowel with a grave accent (`), called "pahiw. Note that accent marks are only placed on vowels. Consonants never have accent marks. Practice by saying the following out loud: a. a-w b. ha-lim-ba-w mercy example

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c. Ki-k d. ku-s 50.

a boys name willingly

Malum and word linkers. Notice that all malum words end in a vowel. Following the rules for word linkers given above, we add ng to the end of a malum word. But doing so would make the word end in g. So it is no longer a malum word; instead it becomes a malumay word. Mabils. Place the emphasis on the last syllable. Mark the last vowel with an acute accent (), called "pahils." Practice by saying the following out loud: a. b. c. d. a-li-sn lu-ma-bs lu-ma-ngy mag-da-sl to to to to remove go out swim pray

51.

Is, dalaw, tatl, apat, lim, anim, pit, wal, siym, samp

52.

Marags. Like mabils, emphasis in marags words is on the last syllable. The difference is the glottal stop; stop the vowel sound short in the throat. It's like saying "uh-oh." The first syllable is stopped short in the throat. That is a glottal stop. Marags words are like that. So, marags words are like mabils, except they end in a glottal-stopped vowel. Marags words are like malumi, except their emphasis is on the last syllable. Mark the last vowel with a circumflex accent (^), called pakupy. Practice by saying the following out loud: a. b. c. d. bu-ma-b hi-y hu-mand hu-min-t to go down shame, face to get ready to stop

53.

Marags and word linkers. Notice that all marags words end in a vowel. Following the rules for word linkers given above, we add ng to the end of a marags word. But doing so would make the word end in g. So it is no longer a marags; instead it becomes a mabils word.

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Useful phrases: count to ten

54. Count to 10. Here are our first numbers: 1 i-s 6 a-nim 55. 2 da-la-w 7 pi-t 3 tat-l 8 wa-l 4 a-pat 9 si-ym 5 li-m 10 sam-p

Pagssanay 2-2. How would you say the following in Filipino? Answer a. b. c. d. e. ten fingers7 seven samurai one nose8 two eyes9 three stars10

56.

Listen and speak. Listen to the recording or the instructor, then repeat out loud:

-- Ku-mus-t, ak si Charina. Hello, Im Charina. -- Ku-mus-t ka, Charina. How are you, Charina? -- Ma-bu-ti namn. *** Grammar: persons and things: ang-case
57.
7 8

Noun and pronoun cases. To help us learn the ways in which nouns and pronouns are used, we

da li r, n., finger i long, n., nose 9 ma t, n., eye 10 bi tu win, n., star

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learn a language tool called case, which tells how a noun or pronoun is used in a sentence. There are three cases of nouns and pronouns: a) ang-case, b) sa-case and c) ng-case. The angcase is the case of the subject of the sentence. The sa-case is the case of place. Nouns and pronouns in the ng-case serve, in various situations, as: a) owner, b) direct object and c) doer of the verbs action 58. ang-case. The first of three cases of nouns and pronouns is the ang-case, the case of the subject of the sentence. In the following sentences, the phrases in boldface are in the ang-case: a. Kik and Charina washed their hands. b. They are very helpful. c. The table was set by Kik and Charina. d. It was sold for $100. 59. Nag-hu-gas ng ka-may si-n Kik at Charina. Si-l ay ma-tu-tu-lu-ngin. I-ni-han-da ni-n Kik at Charina ang mesa. Na-i-pag-bi-li i-t nang san-da-ang-pi-so.

Consider the boldfaced phrases in the sentences above. Do you agree that the boldfaced phrase is what is being talked about in each sentence? If so, you understand the ang-case. When we refer to a person or persons by name as subject(s) of a sentence, we use "si" or "sin" in front of the name(s). Marker si si-n Examples si Amado, si Charina sin Amado at Nen, sin Kik at Charina

60.

61.

Nouns that are not names of persons in the ang-case are marked by "ang" and "ang mga.11" Marker Examples

11

Remember, mga is pronounced ma-nga.

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Marker ang ang mga

Examples ang bahay, ang Pilipinas ang mga bahay, ang mga dela Cruz

Figure 2-3: ang-case noun markers 62. ang case Personal pronouns. Following are the ang-case personal pronouns. These pronouns serve as subjects of their respective sentences. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 63. Pronoun a-k i-kw si-y ta-yo ka-m ka-y si-l I you (s.) he, she we (incl.) we (excl.) you (pl.) they

Tayo and kam. Filipino has two forms for we: 1) one includes the person to whom you are speaking (the inclusive form); 2) the other does not (the exclusive form). The kausap is the person to whom are speaking. When you use the inclusive form, the kausap is included. When you use the exlusive form, the kausap is not included.

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Figure 2-4: Kausap 64. Ikw and ka. Ikw becomes ka when the predicate comes before the subject. I-kw ay ku-ma-ka-in. Ku-ma-ka-in ka. I-kw ay ma-gan-da. Ma-gan-da ka. 65. You are eating. You are good-looking.

Terms of kinship. There is an exception to the rule to distinguish between names of persons and all other names. Terms of kinship may be regarded as both personal and non-personal. Thus, you may say: a. b. c. d. ang na nay or si na nay (mother) si a te or ang a te (older sister) ang ta tay or si ta tay (father) si lo lo or ang lo lo (grandpa)

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Figure 2-2: ang-case personal pronouns 66. Listen and speak. Listen, then repeat out loud:

-- A-ling12 Sa-lng, it p ang na-nay ko. Ms. Saling, this is my mother. -- Ah, si-l pa-l si A-ling Sa-ling. -- Ku-mus-t p kay? -- I-ki-n-ga-ga-lk ko p. I am pleased (to meet you). ***
67. pal. Say pal to indicate somebody or something that you were not expecting. Filipino a. I-kw pa-l. b. Si Au-ring pa-l ang na-na-lo. c. Nan-di-to pa-l ang a-king chine-las. Ang chi-ne-las ko pa-l ay nan-di-to. 68.
12

Comment Its you! It was Auring that won (I wasnt expecting that). My slippers are here ( wasnt expecting them to be here.)

Listen and speak. Listen to the recording or the instructor, then repeat out loud:

a ling, n., title of respect for a woman; put in front of the name of a woman to whom you are not related.

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69.

Proper and common nouns. A proper noun is the name of a specific person, place or thing, such as Juan, Manila, Jolibee and Limtuaco. A proper noun begins with a capital letter. A common noun does not begin with a capital letter, and it names an unspecified person, place or thing. The following are common nouns: girl, table, house, ball. Listen and speak. Listen to the recording or the instructor, then repeat out loud:

-- Leila, ki-la-l mo ba si Doris? Leila, do you know Doris? -- Ku-mus-t ka, Doris? -- Ma-buti na-mn. OK lang ak. *** Ikw, kumust ka?

70.

-- A-k si Amado. I am Amado. -- A-k na-mn si Nen. And I am Nen. ***

71. Namn. Namn has many meanings. Here it means and. Previously you learned that namn also means considering. Mabuti namn means fine, considering . . . . Personal and non-personal nouns. In English we distinguish between proper nouns and common nouns. In Filipino we distinguish between names of persons (personal nouns) and all other nouns (non-personal nouns). The non-personal nouns include all nouns (both common and proper) that are not names of persons. Listen and speak. Listen to the recording or the instructor, then repeat out loud:

72.

73.

-- Kik, i-t si Pepe, a-king ka-i-bi-gan. Kik, this is Pepe, a friend.

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-- Pepe, i-t si Kik, a-king ka-pa-tid. Pepe, this is Kik, my brother. -- Ku-mus-t ka, Pepe. -- OK lang. I-kw, ku-mus-t ka? ***
74. Pagssanay 2-3. How would you say the following in Filipino? Answer a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. I am Steve. How are you, Susan? Im fine, Joe. Good morning (respectfully). Kik is eating. This is my dad (respectfully). Good afternoon, Pepe. Good evening (respectfully). How are you? (respectfully) Just fine.

Vocabulary
75. Vocabulary. In this aral you met the following words and phrases:
a kin, pron., my, s., ng-case, before ang, marker, ang-case, non-personal, s. at, conj., and ba, marker, question marker; presence in sentence makes sentence a question ba hay, n., house, home bi tu wn, n., star chi ne las, n., slippers da la w, numeral, two da li r, n., finger i han d, v., o.f., to prepare s.t.: i-hi-na-han-d, i-hi-nan-d, i-ha-han-d i lng, n., nose i s, numeral, one i t, pron., this; ang-case, impers.

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ka i bi gan, n., friend ka may, n., hand ka pa tid, n., sibling ki la la nin, v., o.f., to be acquainted with s.b.: ki-ni-ki-la-la, ki-ni-la-la, kiki-la-la-nin ko, pron., me, ng-case ku ma in, v., a.f., to eat: ku-ma-ka-in, ku-ma-in, ka-ka-in mag hu gas, v., a.f., to wash: nag-hu-hu-gas, nag-hu-gas, mag-hu-hugas ma i pag bi l, v., o.f., to be able to sell s.t.: na-i-pag-bi-bi-l, na-i-pag-bil, ma-i-pag-bi-bi-l ma na lo, v., a.f., to win: na-na-na-lo, na-na-lo, ma-na-na-lo ma t, n., eye ma tu tu lu ngin, adj., helpful me sa, n., table mga, marker, plural marker, all cases mo, pron., you, s., ng-case nan di to, na ri t, adj., here nang, adv. or conj., (various meanings; see text) ng, marker, ng-case, non-personal, s. ni n, marker, ng-case, pers., pl. pa l, adv., marker of mild surprise Pi li pi nas, n., Philippines pi t, numeral, seven sam p, numeral, ten san da ang - pi so, n., 100 pesos si l, pron., they si n, marker, ang-case, personal, 3rd person pl. ta tay, n., father tat l, numeral, three

Kay pal si Aling Salng.

76.

Conversations. By now you can expect to engage in conversations like the following. Go ahead and practice these conversations out loud. And invent your own!

-- Ku-mus-t. -- Ma-bu-ti na-man, i-kw, ku-mus-t ka? *** -- Ma-gan-dng u-ma-ga.

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-- Ma-gan-dng u-ma-ga rin. *** -- I-ny, i-t p si Pepe, a-king ka-i-bi-gan. -- Pepe, i-t ang a-king na-nay, si Aling Nen. -- I-kw pa-l si Pepe. Ku-mus-t ka, Pepe. -- OK lang p. Ku-mus-t p kay? *** -- Nen, ki-la-l mo ba si Mameng? -- Ku-mus-t ka, Mameng? -- Ma-bu-ti na-mn, Nen *** Review and checklist
77. Checklist. In this aral you expected to learn to: a. b. c. d. e. Introduce yourself, again Use word linkers Refer to persons and things as subject: ang-case Count to 10: is, dalaw, tatl, apat, lim, anim, pit, wal, siym, samp. Say pal, namn

Answers to exercises
78. Answers to Pagssanay 2-1. Modify the following phrases by adding the correct linker, as in the examples: You hear a. ka-ni-l + ba-hay b. no-n + ling-g You say kanilng bahay nong lingg

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c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 79.

You hear ma-hi-rap + ma-m a-min + ba-yan ma-ta-s + pu-n mu-ra + sa-pa-ts ma-ba-t + ba-t ma-si-pag + na-nay ta-o + gu-tm ba-t + bu-sg

You say mahirap na mam aming bayan matas na pun murang sapats mabat na bat masipag na nanay taong gutm batang busg

Answers to Pagssanay 2-2. How would you say the following in Filipino? Answer a. b. c. d. e. ten fingers13 seven samurai one nose14 two eyes15 three stars16 sampng dalir pitng samurai isng ilng dalawng mat tatlng bituwn

80.

Answers to Pagssanay 2-3. How would you say the following in Filipino? a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. I am Steve. How are you, Susan? Im fine, Joe. Good morning (respectfully). Kik is eating. This is my dad. (respectfully). Good afternoon, Pepe. Good evening (respectfully). Answer Ak si Steve. Kumusta ka, Susan. Mabuti naman, Joe. Magandang umaga p. Si Kik ay kumakain. It p ang aking tatay. Magandang hapon, Pepe. Magandang gab p.

13 14 15 16

da li r, n., finger i long, n., nose ma t, n., eye bi tu win, n., star

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i. j.

How are you? (respectfully) Just fine.

Answer Kumusta p kay? OK lang.

Weve reached the end of aral 2. Congratulations! See you in aral 3.