3.2. Definition of Dwell Time for Import-Export Procedure Flowchart

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

................................................................................................................1 1.1. Terms of Reference..................................................................................................2

..............................................................................................................3 2.1. Indian Port Sector....................................................................................................3 2.2. Cargo Profile at Indian Ports...................................................................................3 2.3. Stakeholders of the Port Sector................................................................................3 2.4. Ex-Im Procedures at the ports..................................................................................3

3.

DWELL TIME AND EFFICIENCY AT PORTS

...........................................................5 3.1. Concept and Introduction.........................................................................................5 3.2. Definition of Dwell Time.........................................................................................5 3.2.1 Comparison Of Average Dwell Time at Indian Major Ports.......................6 3.3. Port Efficiency Parameters......................................................................................7 3.3.1 Pre-Berthing Detention................................................................................7 3.3.2 Non Working Time of Vessels At Berth.....................................................7 3.3.3 Turn Round Time (TRT).............................................................................8 3.3.4 Output Per Ship Berth Day.........................................................................8 3.3.5 Efficiency Parameters – Inter-Dependency.................................................8

4.

INTERNATIONAL AND INDIAN PORTS – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

......10 4.1 Standards at some International Ports....................................................................10 4.2 International Ports - Overview..............................................................................10 4.2.1 e-Environment With ERP for Port Operations:.........................................10 4.2.2. Port Infrastructure and Superstructures....................................................13 4.2.3. Quantum of traffic......................................................................................14 4.2.3.1 Cargo traffic:.............................................................................................14 4.2.3.2 Vessel Traffic:...........................................................................................14 4.2.4 Dwell Time Comparison with International Ports:...................................15 4.2.5 Level of Mechanization:............................................................................15 4.2.6 Space- not a constraint:..............................................................................15 4.2.7 Evacuation of Cargo:.................................................................................15 4.2.8 Regulatory Practices:.................................................................................16 4.3. A Comparative analysis of International Port viz-a-viz Indian Major Ports:........16 4.4. Business Process Flow At Indian Container Terminals:.......................................18 4.5. Constraints in achieving the International norms..................................................25

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DWELL TIME ANDPORT’S EFFICIENCY

...................................................................................................26 5.1 Analysis of Factors Attributable To Port...............................................................26 5.1.1. Infrastructure Constraints..........................................................................26 5.1.1.1. Inadequate Port Capacity...........................................................................26 5.1.1.2 Inadequate Navigational Aids And Facilities:...........................................26 5.1.1.3 Bunching Of Vessels.................................................................................27 5.1.1.4 Poor Road Network Within The Port.........................................................27

ii5.1.1.5 Low Cargo Handling Capabilities............................................................27 5.1.2.1. Inadequate Cargo Handling Equipments / Machinery...............................27 5.1.2.2. High Down Time of Equipments..............................................................28 5.1.2.3. Low Labour Productivity..........................................................................28 5.1.2.4. Shortage of Storage Space........................................................................28 5.1.2.5. Regulatory restrictions on Operation Time..............................................28 5.1.3. Low IT Application..................................................................................29 5.1.3.1. Insufficient IT implementation in Port Operations...................................29 5.1.3.2. Partial Implementation Of EDI.................................................................29 5.1.3.3. Too many Manual Documents:..................................................................30 5.1.3.4. Systems and Procedures:...........................................................................30 5.1.3.5. Limited Time For Payment And Documentation:.....................................30 5.2. Factors Attributable to Other Stakeholders...........................................................30 5.2.1. Cargo Evacuation / Aggregation Constraints............................................30 5.2.1.1. Non- Aggregation of Cargo in time...........................................................30 5.2.1.2. Slow evacuation of cargoes from the areas leased / licensed to Users......31 5.2.1.3. Document Readiness..................................................................................31 5.2.1.4. Mismatch at transfer points........................................................................31 5.2.2. Statutory Inspection And Procedures........................................................31 5.2.2.1 Procedural Formalities of Regulatory Authorities................................31 5.2.2.2 Limited working hours by Customs and other Govt. Agencies.................31 5.2.2.3. Lack of inspection / testing facilities for Edible / Plant / Drugs at theport 325.2.2.4 Restrictions by Local Bodies.....................................................................325.2.3. Deployment Of Private Cargo Handling Equipments...............................325.2.3.1 Delay in mobilization of Equipments & trucks by Stevedores..................325.2.4. Inadequate IT implementation...................................................................325.2.5. Shortage of Railway Wagons/Rakes/Heavy duty trucks...........................335.2.6. Manual Customs Examination of Containers............................................335.2.7. Poor / Inadequate Hard infrastructure (Road / Rail Network)...................335.2.8. Other Factors.............................................................................................335.2.8.1. Onboard Stowage of Cargo........................................................................335.2.8.2. Draught Survey..........................................................................................335.2.8.3. Cargo unlashing and lashing......................................................................335.2.8.4. Delays in Confirmation of loading / unloading plan.................................345.2.8.5. Ballasting / Deballasting............................................................................345.2.8.6. Liquid bulk vessels delayed for want of Ullage, Flushing and Survey.....34

6.

INITIATIVES UNDERTAKEN BY THE DEPARTMENT OF SHIPPING

.............35

7. RECOMMENDATIONS

.................................................................................................367.1. Short Term Measures - Port Account.......................................................................367.1.1 Reduction of Non-working time and improvement of Output per ShipBerthday 367.1.2. 24 X 365 – Round the clock port working.................................................377.1.4 Strengthen the roads to and within the Ports.............................................377.1.5 Improve labour productivity......................................................................377.1.6. IT as a strategic weapon In the Port Sector...............................................387.1.7. Norms for Stevedoring License................................................................397.1.8. Creation of Off-Dock Facilities for Bulk/Break-Bulk Cargoes................40

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