Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 4
When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures bustling with prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity. Dale Carnegie
Transactional Leadership
Transactional
Traditional leadership Lower level of leadership Assists with organizational stability
Transformational Leadership
Transformational Leadership
Change agent Inspire change and innovation Potent and Complex
Management by exception:
Maintain status quo Intervene when subordinates do not meet acceptable performance levels Initiate corrective action to improve performance
Individualized consideration:
Exhibit considerate and supportive behavior directed toward each individual subordinate; coach and advise
Inspiration:
Communicate high expectations Use symbols to focus efforts and enhance understanding of goals
Intellectual Stimulation:
Promote innovative ways of viewing situations Stimulate intelligent problem solving and decision making
Creative
Seek out new ideas, products and ways of performing tasks Cannot be content with things remaining the same
Creativity
Capacity to create and manipulate symbols (chemical formulas, sentences, drawings) Referred to as divergent or lateral thinking Refined through vertical thinking
Interactive
Great Communicators
JFK Ronald Reagan
Visionary
Communicating the Vision Nanus Characteristics of Effective Visions
Attracts commitment and energizes people Creates meaning for followers Establishes a standard of excellence Bridges the present and the future
Vision Statements
Transformational leaders behavior Vision statement vs mission statement Specific yet provide guidance Guides actions of members
Empowering
Need capable followers Delegating decision making Increasing individual autonomy
Passionate
Committed to work Chang says most important competitive advantage
Charismatic Leadership
Perspectives on Charismatic Leadership
Sociological Approach Psychoanalytical Approach Political Approach Behavioral Approach Attribution Approach Communication Approach
Sociological Approach
Max Weber Charisma in Greek means gift Five key components
A leader with extraordinary vision, almost magical, talents An unstable or crisis situation A radical vision for providing a solution to the crisis A group of followers attracted to the extraordinary leader because they believe they are linked through the leader to powers that exceed usual limits. A validation, through repeated success, of the extraordinary leaders talents and power.
Psychoanalytic Approach
Zaleznik
Managers different from leaders Leaders bring about change, take risks and arouse emotions
Freud
Intense follower identification is explained by:
Regression Transference Projection
Political Approach
Not always in agreement on who is charismatic Schweitzer says there are different types:
Giants Luminaries Failures Aspirants
Political Approach
Willner looks at charisma on the basis of the leader-follower relationship:
Attribute divine or semi-divine qualities to their leaders Believe that their leaders have supernatural abilities Offer absolute devotion and obedience Are loyal
Behavioral Approach
Use a set of behaviors to define it Compare those that are charismatic with those who are not House and Bass Propositions:
Leader Behaviors Leader-Follower relations Elements of the charismatic situation
Attribution Approach
Conger and Kanungo look at charisma from the perceptions of the followers:
Possess a vision that is unique, yet attainable Act in an unconventional manner Demonstrate personal commitment and risk taking Demonstrate confidence and expertise Demonstrate personal power
Communication Approach
Authors say communication is the most important element Charismatic Leaders excel in all three functions of communication
Relationship builders As Visionaries As Influence Agents