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Chapter 1: Preliminary Design Analysis & Design Process
 
Objectives: Upon completion of this chapter the reader willbe able to:1.Understand and classify the design process.2.Be aware of the fields that interact with design.3.Comprehend the qualities required for a designer.4.Be aware of the fields that a designer is expected toknow5.Be aware of Design Philosophy1.1INTRODUCTION
The rapid advancement in science and technology achievedduring the past decades is due to the very close cooperation between the scientists, designers, production experts, sales &marketing experts, maintenance experts and other related expertsconcerning the use and destruction of a product. The role of adesigner should be intermediary between scientific knowledgeand the fields such as production, use and destruction of a product. Hence a designer must have a concurrent approach indeveloping a system or a product based on a need.It is not only prerogative for a designer to have a concurrentapproach, but even the other engineers belonging to other fieldsshould recognize the fact that the success of design largelydepends on their fields too. There are some mechanicalengineering students who may say: "We don't have anything to dowith design, after all we are going to be in production or maintenance or materials or marketing side". Such studentsshould recognize the advantages to be derived from a study of design problems.For example an engineer working in a production shop who hashad design training will approach production work with a quitedifferent understanding and will save himself the trouble of querying many points with the design office. Is it possible to
Prepared by Prof.R.Panneer, Assistant Professor.
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PRELIMINARY DESIGN ANALYSIS OF APRODUCT
 
Design for Manufacture, Design Process and DFXimagine an engineer who would offer expert opinion yet who hadno idea of the working principles of his machines or its' variouscomponents, or the advantages and disadvantages of the givendesign arrangements?Hence all engineers and other relevant people should realize thesignificance of design and approach the design activity as aconcurrent activity to be performed in coordination with people belonging to other fields or with the knowledge of other fieldssuch as production, maintenance, materials, marketing etc.Recognizing such importance to design, 'Verband Deutscher Elektrotechnicker'
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 has issued a memorandum on the training of electrical engineers, which contains the following passage."Design is of the utmost importance in the training of an engineer,no matter in what field of activity he may subsequently beemployed. A student who has reached a certain standard of capability in design and has found pleasure in it will find thingsconsiderably easier when he starts work, even though the path hetakes does not lead to the design office. The lack of adequatedesign experience is a deficiency, which can be made good onlyin exceptional cases. Many outstanding engineers confirm againand again that they themselves have derived great advantage fromhaving design experience. Their experience shows that
a good course of design principles undertaken as part of technical training exerts a beneficial effect on an engineer's work all times,regardless of whether he is employed in planning, production,maintenance, in laboratory or in management side
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It is therefore easy to understand why greater importance must begiven to thorough training in design that too with a coordinated or concurrent approach.
1.2 GENERAL DESIGN ASPECTS:1.2.1 What is design?
In the conventional design practice, when starting a design work for realizing a particular need, a designer first of all makes a closestudy of the specifications and conditions that should be fulfilled by the product. He then leads himself to the stage of preparingone or more simple schematic diagrams. He proceeds to makeseveral different properly scaled views of it by a process of alternate calculations and drawings/sketches. Not until the product
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 Institution of Electrical Engineers of Germany
Prepared by Prof.R.Panneer, Assistant Professor.
 
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Chapter 1: Preliminary Design Analysis & Design Process
has taken the full shape in his mind he proceeds with this activity.Later at various stages, the design gets modified in order to adaptit to the most suitable material, to the most economicalmanufacturing method, to the most economical assemblymethods, to the most economical packaging and storing methods,to the most easiest maintenance methods, etc. Finally the designevolves as drawing, which is referred to as drafting, which is alsoassigned as a function of the designer.It will be seen, therefore, that it is not very easy to define a designactivity within the purview of a very close domain covering allaspects of design process. One thing is certain in design process,the main burden of the creative work done is undoubtedlyintellectual in nature, and it is an activity extremely complex innature. It certainly includes planning, all preliminary designanalysis, detailed design analysis with consideration of variouskinds - physical, technological, mathematical, scientific,economical, manufacturing, materials, maintenance, formdevelopment, iteration and evaluation and the pure craft activityof drawing. Hence the art of designing can be defined in thefollowing lines.
"The designer uses his intellectual ability to apply the scientificand technological knowledge to create the project documents and working drawings, which enable a technical system or engineering product to be made in a way that not only meets therequired specifications and other stipulated conditions (evolved  from the need or suggested by the user) but also permit  production by the most economical method".
Design can also be explained very briefly as:
"Mechanical design is the task of devising an assembly of partsthat performs a function reliably and economically. It is anubiquitous activity with applications in mechanical, electrical,civil and other fields of engineering. It is an activity wheredesigners need to devise, analyze, and compare competing alternatives to create good design".
1.2.2 What kinds of design work are there?
As in the case of every activity of human being, in design activityalso there are varying degrees of difficulty. The kinds that arerecognized based on difficulty are reverse engineering design,adaptive design, developed design and new design.
Prepared by Prof.R.Panneer, Assistant Professor.
 
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