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Culture plate of an orchid mycorrhizal fungus.A plate culture of the fungus Candida albicans. It lives in numerous parts of the body asnormal flora.
 
Culture of fungi
Saprotrophic fungi can be subcultured on media containing nutrients appropriate to their growth and development. Several different types of media have been used successfully.The most commonly used in undergraduate classes consists of a fruit or vegetable, or their extracts, mixed with sugars and agar, and set in Petri dishes. The organic andmineral fractions are designed to supply nutrients similar to or commonly found in theenvironment of the fungus. A few commonly used materials include:
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Soil [SOIL AGAR]
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Potato [PDA]
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Tomato plus other vegetables [V8 JUICE Agar]
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Malt extract [MA]
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Dung [DUNG AGAR]These can be more highly defined by replacing the organic component with knownorganic materials including:
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Nutrient Dextrose [NDY]
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Sabouraud dextrose [SABOURAUD AGAR]Most of these media are available from commercial sources. Commercial sources havea more consistent quality than those prepared from the raw materials each time. A widerange of media are used for growing fungi. Most mycologists develop preferences for certain types of media based on experience and peculiarities of the type of fungi that areroutinely grown. Media will affect colony morphology and color, whether particular structures are formed or not, and may affect whether the fungus will even grow inculture. For example, some fungi lack the necessary enzymes to utilize different carbonsources. All fungi require several specific elements for growth and reproduction. Therequirements for growth are generally less stringent than for sporulation, so it is oftennecessary to try several types of media when attempting to identify a fungus in culture.Most fungi thrive on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), but this can be too rich for many fungi,so that excessive mycelial growth is obtained at the expense of sporulation. I havefound that most of the fungi isolated from soil, or from substrates in the soil, i.e., plantdebris, grow well on Corn Meal Agar (CMA), a relatively weak medium compared toPDA. Similarly, wood-inhabiting fungi and dematiaceous (dark pigmented) fungi oftensporulate better on CMA or Oat Agar, both of which have less easily digestiblecarbohydrate than PDA. Cellulose-destroying fungi and spoilage fungi retain their abilityto produce cellulase when grown on a weak medium such as Water Agar (WA) or PotatoCarrot Agar (PCA) with a piece of sterile filter paper, wheat straw or lupin stem placed onthe agar surface. The introduction of pieces of tissue, such as filter paper, wheat straw,rice, grains, leaves or dung, often produces good sporulation dependent on theorganism grown.
Constituents of Media
 Media generally contain a source of carbon, nitrogen and vitamins. Glucose (dextrose)is the most widely utilizable carbon source, and hence is the most commonly used ingrowth media. Fructose and mannose are the next most commonly utilized sugars by
 
fungi and are found in media from natural sources. Sucrose (table sugar) may be usedin some media. Nitrogen sources include peptone, yeast extract, malt extract, aminoacids, ammonium and nitrate compounds. Casamino Acids, a Difco product, is acid-hydrolized casein, a mixture of amino acids. It is a good general source of nitrogen but isvitamin-free. Bacto-Peptone, another Difco product, contains nitrogen and a highpeptone and amino acid content. Salts, including Fe, Zn and Mn, are often added to‘defined’ media, but are usually not added to the common media used for routineculture. fungi have natural deficiencies for vitamins that are satisfied at mM to nMconcentrations. The most common naturally occurring vitamin deficiencies are thiaminand biotin. Deficiency of both is quite common among the Ascomycota. Other organicnutrients such as glucose are often contaminated with vitamins sufficient to supply thegrowth requirements of fungi.Bacteria are suppressed by adding antibiotics to the agar. As most antibiotics aredenatured by heat, the antibacterial agents are usually added to sterilised molten agar,that is just above setting temperature (hand warm, but not hot to touch). Penicillin (50units per ml), Streptomycin (50 unit per ml), Tetracyclin (30 units per ml) are commonlyused this way, either alone or more commonly, in combination. Chlomamphenicol (50mgper l) can be autoclaved and is added during preparation.
Six phases of mushroom cultivationPhaseTime spanTemperatureKey points1. Phase Icomposting
6-14 daysRegulate water and NH
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content through microbialaction.Add fertilizer / additives
2. Phase IIcomposting or pasteurization
7-18 days viacomposting method,~2 hours for pasteurization (heatsterilization)Reduce number of potentially harmfulmicrobes through further composting, or applyheat sterilization.Remove unwanted NH
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.
3. Spawning andgrowth
14-21 days75°F; to 80°F; mustbe above 74°F; for rapid growthMust be below80°F; to 85°F toavoid damagingmyceliaAdd starter culture.Allow mycelium to growthrough substrate andform a colony.Depends on substratedimensions and
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Miglė Gimbickaitė

Dear, Maria Loreta, I need know your surname because I want to quote your text in my paper. Thanks

reply03 / 28 / 2012
09 / 30 / 2010<span class="translation_missing">en_US, this_document_made_it_onto_the</span>Rising List!
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