Basic Comp

Agenda
• Computer Hardware
– Input Devices
– Output Devices
– Secondaryy Storage
g
• Computer Software
– System Software
– Application Software
– Working with Windows
• Computer Network Basics
National Informatics Centre, DIT, Govt. of India National Informatics Centre, DIT, Govt. of India
A computer is:
A Computer is a device which allows you to
• An electronic machine that can be
programmed to accept data
(input), and process it into useful
information (output). Data is put in
ÎInput raw data secondary storage for
safekeeping or later use.
ÎPerform Computations/Processing • The processing of input into output
is directed by the software,
software but
ÎStore the data for retrieval performed by the hardware.
ÎObtain desired information
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IS COMPLEX BUT BASED Computers process data by means of a binary system.
ON SIMPLE PRINCIPLE
Input as Raw Data

Output as
• Computers are devices powered by electricity, which has two
Information discrete states: On or Off.
Instructions • Two digits represent these states: 0 for the electronic state of
.......... Off, and 1 representing On (the presence of an electronic
..........
..........
charge).
..........
Storage
1
What are the main components ?
• Hardware
• Software
Basic Computer Hardware
Computer systems consist of the following

hardware components:
•Storage devices include secondary storage for data and
• Input devices accept data or commands in a form programs outside the computer’s processing unit; e.g. hard disk
useable by computers. Data and commands can also be drives, floppy disk drives, Zip drives, CD-ROM, CD-RW and
sent to the processing unit; e.g., keyboards, mice, DVD-ROM drives. Drives read from and write to storage media
scanners, microphone, digital camera. (the physical material that can store data and programs).
• Output devices display the processed information
understandably and usefully; e.g. printers, monitors, •Communication devices provide connections between
speakers. computers and communication networks, allowing for exchange
of information and data with other computers via transmission
• Processing devices are contained in a computer’s media such as cables, telephone lines and satellites.
system unit and are comprised of circuitry. The main
circuit board is the motherboard, with its central
processing unit (CPU) and memory.
Graphic Representation of Computer Components:
PROCESSOR
CPU, ALU, CU
Input Devices OUTPUT DEVICES
MEMORY
Secondary Storage
2
LET US HAVE A LOOK INSIDE
The Motherboard
INPUT DEVICES Mouse Pointer Forms
Standard Pointer form.

Ú Form when changing a window’s height
Keyboard Scanner Ù F
Form when
h changing
h i a window’s
i d ’ width
idth
Form when changing a window’s height and width simultaneously
Mouse Ù Form when changing a width of a field in a table
+ Form when inserting the text

Joystick Form when moving a field to a new position in the table
Microphone Form when application being executed or a wait state
3
INPUT DEVICES Contd…
Esc F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 Print Scroll Pause Num Caps Scroll
Screen Lock Break Lock Lock Lock
~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + Page Num

Insert Home Lock / * -
` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = Up
{ } | Page 7 8 9
Tab Q W E R T Y U I O P Delete End
[ ] \ Down Home PgUp
+
Caps : “ 4 5 6 TV tuner card
A S D F G H J K L Enter Digital Camera
Lock ; ‘
1 2 3
< > ?
Shift Z X C V B N M Shift End PgDn
, . /
Enter
0 .
Ctrl Alt Alt Ctrl Ins Del
SPACE BAR
Digital Video camera
Bar code Scanner
OUTPUT DEVICES SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES
Magnetic Tape
Fl
Floppy
Printer Monitor Speakers
CDROM
Hard Disk
Fax
Secondary Storage Devices Contd… External Hard Drives
• Disk drives
– Internal & External • IEEE 1394, commonly
– Hard drives called Fire Wire, is a very
– Removable disk drives fast external bus
• Floppy disks (1.4 MB)
standard that supports
• ZIP disks (100/250 MB) 60 GB External Hard Drive
(Fire Wire) data transfer rates of up
• CD-ROM (700MB), DVD-ROM (~5GB/side)
– read only (-ROM), write once (-R), Universal Buslink Corp. to 400Mbps (in 1394a)
re-writeable (-RW) and 800Mbps (in 1394b).
• Combination drive
– CD-RW/DVD-ROM, CD-RW/DVD-R Iomega 60GB Portable
• Many other forms USB Hard Drive
• Memory Stick, Multi Media Card, Compact
Flash, and Smart Media
4
Latest Technology
Computer Configuration Bluetooth Products
Characteristic Example
9 Present day PC Family Pentium IV / AMD
9Memory 512MB/1GB
9Microprocessor chip Intel P IV / AMD
9Clock Speed 3.0 GHz
Bluetooth Mobile Phone
Phone, headset
headset, PDAs
9Cache Memory 512KB Mouse
9 Hard Disk Drive 80GB

9 Floppy Disk Drives 1.44 MB
9 CD Drive 52 X
Bluetooth printer and laptop with
9Monitor TFT Digital Monitor Cordless Bar code Scanner bluetooth adapter
2MB RAM ( 1024 X 768)
Hardware recap
Basic Computer Software
Software: A set of instruction

( programs ) that makes the
hardware perform a particular set of
tasks. Kernel
Software
•DOS Hardware
• Windows XP
System Application
Software Software •Unix Kernel
•Windows 2003 USER INTERFACE

Shell(s)
•Linux - Text based
Operating General Compilers for high
Utilities Purpose Level Languages - Windows based
System
5
Software Layers in a Computer System
Computing Environments
DOS, UNIX, WINDOWS XP, Memory Management, File

WINDOWS 2000, Linux,OS2, etc. Management, Anti Virus etc.
Operating System Utilities • Single user
System Software
Ms-Office,
M Offi L Lotus S
SmartSuite,
S i C
C, C
C++, .NET
NET Framework,
F k JAVA • Multi
M l i user
Ventura, Pagemaker, etc. SmallTalk, J2Eetc.
Application Software Higher Level Languages
General Purpose Software • Networked
Scientific Business Design Marketing Entertainment ……….
User Designed Application Software
Personal Computer
Workstation
Main Computer
Single User System Terminal
• More than one user can
work on the system
• One user can work on it
• Operating System like
• No efficient use of System
• Operating System like MSDOS, PCDOS Unix, Xinex, Linux etc
• Resource sharing cannot be done • Resource sharing can
Multi User System be done
Network Basics Networking

What is a Network?
) A network is a group of interconnected

• What is networking?
systems which share services and interact
with
ith each
h other
th b by means off a shared
h d
• Goals of a Networking communication link
) These systems can be located anywhere
• Classification of Network ) Network is often classified according to its
geographical size.
6
Goals of networking Classification of Network
Goal of having networking environment is The most common classification of networks
to provide services and to reduce the
equipment costs. The primary reasons for are:
networking Pc's are as follows: • Local Area Network (LAN)
¾Sharing files • Wide Area Network (WAN)
¾Sharing printers and other devices • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
¾Provide Distributed Computing
¾Centralized administration of
Resources
¾Security of Resources
LANs Unix/NT
Server
LINE Printer
• A local area network is a group of Ethernet Cable

computers and network communication
LTS(LAN Terminal Server)
devices interconnected within a limited
area such as a building or a campus
• Local area network is less expensive
and data transfer rate is quite high WORKSTATION
LASER Printer
TERMINAL
Satellite
WANs
• Wide area network interconnects LAN

LANs.Wide area network may be
located around the world Fiber Link Dish Antenna
LAN
• It is quite expensive as the technology
LAN
required to connect different LAN's is LAN
more complex and sophisticated. Also Leased Telephone Line
the data transmission is more PC

susceptible to errors in case of WANs as Modem
transmission is for long distances Dial-up Line
National Informatics Centre, DIT, Govt. of India National Informatics Centre, DIT, Govt. of India Modem
7
The Internet
Every machine
transparently connected to
every other

Basic Comp

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Agenda

ÎObtain desired information

Input as Raw Data

Computer systems consist of the following

Graphic Representation of Computer Components:

INPUT DEVICES Mouse Pointer Forms

Standard Pointer form.

Mouse Ù Form when changing a width of a field in a table

+ Form when inserting the text

~ ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + Page Num

OUTPUT DEVICES SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES

Printer Monitor Speakers

Secondary Storage Devices Contd… External Hard Drives

9 Hard Disk Drive 80GB

Basic Computer Software

Software: A set of instruction

•Windows 2003 USER INTERFACE

DOS, UNIX, WINDOWS XP, Memory Management, File

Network Basics Networking

) A network is a group of interconnected

• A local area network is a group of Ethernet Cable

• Wide area network interconnects LAN

the data transmission is more PC

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