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Merit Promotion and Fitness PrincipleIntroduction
Entrance to the government service based on merit and fitness is onecharacteristic of the bureaucracy that has been recognized in allbureaucracies worldwide. In the Philippines, this is so stipulated in the 1987constitution.Merit system is a system by which entrance and advancement in the civilservice is based on merit and fitness to be determined by competitiveexaminations and other objective criteria. It is the guiding principle in theselection, recruitment and promotion of the officers and employees of thelocal government bureaucracy or in the executive departments.
Merit Promotion and Fitness Principle
10
Reported by Monaliza A. Herrero
 
Promotion
Promotion is an advancement of an employee from one position to anotherwith an increase in duties and responsibilities. It is usually accompanied byan increase in salary. The movement may be from one department or agencyto another, or from one organizational unit to another in the samedepartment or agency.
Purposes of promotion
Promotions permit an organization to utilize more effectively any skills andabilities that individuals have been able to develop during the course of theirtraining and employment. The opportunity to gain a promotion can serve asincentive for individuals to improve further their capacities and theirperformance. Promotions can also serve as reward and as evidence of appreciation for past achievements. If the promotion program isadministered properly, it can serve to improve employee efficiency andmorale and to attract new employees to the organization. In the past apromotion invariability meant the assumption the supervisoryresponsibilities, but today it may not. It is fairly common now fororganizations to establish alternative methods by which employees may bepromoted. Where scientist, engineers, and other specially trained personnelare utilized, a dual-track system may be provided for promotionalopportunities to jobs that may not include supervisory responsibilities.
Merit Promotion and Fitness Principle
10
Reported by Monaliza A. Herrero
 
Bases for promotion
 The benefits to be derived from a promotion program are contingent uponhaving objective criteria available for selecting individuals are promotion. The use of such criteria permits promotion decisions to be made fairly andenables employees to understand the basis for them.
Merit and Seniority
 The two principal criteria for determining promotions are merit and seniority.While the term merit more correctly applies to an individual’s record of performance, it also is commonly used in references to abilities. In itsbroader sense, merit can be said to refer to both past performance andability; for it is in this sense that merit is used as criterion for determiningthat an individual is qualified to meet the requirements of a higher-level job.Evidence of merit may be provided by performance ratings, personal historyrecords, and scores on job-relevant tests. Seniority refers to the length of service that an employee has accumulated. While seniority lends itself tomore objective measurement than merit, its determination can createvarious problems.In giving recognition to merit and seniority, the problem generally is not oneof deciding which of the two factors to consider; rather, the problem is todetermine the degree of recognition which should be given to each of thefactor. Rarely is either merit or seniority considered to the exclusion of theother, although employers generally prefer to give more weight to merit.
Merit Promotion and Fitness Principle
10
Reported by Monaliza A. Herrero
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