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Summary of probability and probability distributions
Basic probabilities
 The probability of an event occurring
P(E)
is the number of occurrences of theevent
n(E)
divided by the total number of outcomes
n(S)
.Probability
P(A)
lies between 0 and 1.Where
P(A’)
is the probability of 
P(A)
does not occur (i.e. “not
P(A)
”).
Mutually exclusive events
Event A and event B cannot occur at the same time, making them “exclusive”.
P(A)
 
OR
 
P(B)
happening is the same as the two added together.
Exhaustive events
If 
P(A)
plus
P(B)
is equal to one, then the events are said to be “exhaustive” (i.e.no other events are possible).
Conditional probability
 The probability of event A happening given that event B has already happened.
Independent events
If event A does not affect event B, then the events are known to be independent.
Bayes’ Theorem
 The probability of event B happening given that event A has already happened(used when the value of is unknown).
Basic discrete probability distributions
 The probability of an event happening for a certain number of times, which is adiscrete value. Note that the probabilities add up to 1.
Compiled by Ernest Chu
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