Trung ta\u00e2m LT\u00d1H Tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00d1HSP TP.HCM
GV: Bu\u00f8i Gia No\u00e4i
': 090.777.54.69
Trang: 1
L\u00f4\u00f8i m\u00f4\u00fb \u00f1a\u00e0u
Theo chu\u00fb tr\u00f6\u00f4ng cu\u00fb
a Bo\u00e4 Gia\u00f9
o Du\u00efc & \u00d1a\u00f8o Ta\u00ef
o, t\u00f6\u00f8 na\u00eam 2007 h\u00ecnh th\u00f6\u00f9c thi c\u00f6\u00fb \u00f1a\u00f9nh gia\u00f9 ke\u00e1t qua\u00fb ho\u00efc ta\u00e4p cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c em ho\u00efc sinh \u00f1o\u00e1i v\u00f4\u00f9i mo\u00e2n Va\u00e4t Ly\u00f9 se\u00f5 chuye\u00e5n t\u00f6\u00f8 h\u00ecnh th\u00f6\u00f9c thi t\u00f6\u00ef lua\u00e4n sang h\u00ecnh th\u00f6\u00f9c thi tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m. \u00d1e\u00e5 giu\u00f9
p ca\u00f9c em ho\u00efc sinh ho\u00efc ta\u00e4p, re\u00f8n luye\u00e4n to\u00e1t ca\u00f9c k\u00f3 na\u00ea
ng gia\u00fbi ca\u00f9c ba\u00f8i toa\u00f9n tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i bie\u00e2n soa\u00efn xin tra\u00e2n tro\u00efng g\u00f6\u00fbi t\u00f4\u00f9i ca\u00f9c ba\u00e4c phu\u00ef huynh, ca\u00f9c quy\u00f9 tha\u00e0y co\u00e2, ca\u00f9c em ho\u00efc sinh mo\u00e4t so\u00e1 ta\u00f8i lie\u00e4
u tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m mo\u00e2
n Va\u00e4t Ly\u00f9 THPT\ue000 Tro\u00efng ta\u00e2m la\u00f8 ca\u00f9c ta\u00f8i lie\u00e4u da\u00f8nh cho ca\u00f9c ky\u00f8 thi
to\u00e1t nghie\u00e4
p va\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00efi ho\u00efc. V\u00f4\u00f9i no\u00e4i dung \u00f1a\u00e0y \u00f1u\u00fb, bo\u00e1 cu\u00efc sa\u00e9p xe\u00e1
p ro\u00f5 ra\u00f8ng t\u00f6\u00f8 c\u00f4 ba\u00fb
n \u00f1e\u00e1n na\u00e2ng cao, ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i bie\u00e2n soa\u00efn hi vo\u00efng ca\u00f9c ta\u00f8i lie\u00e4u na\u00f8y se\u00f5 giu\u00f9p \u00edch cho ca\u00f9c em trong vie\u00e4c o\u00e2n luye\u00e4n va\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00eft ke\u00e1t qua\u00fb cao trong ca\u00f9c k\u00ec thi.
Ma\u00ebc du\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00f5 he\u00e1t s\u00f6\u00f9c co\u00e1 ga\u00e9
ng va\u00f8 ca\u00e5n tro\u00efng trong khi bie\u00e2
n soa\u00efn nh\u00f6ng va\u00e3
n kho\u00e2ng the\u00e5 tra\u00f9nh kho\u00fbi
nh\u00f6\u00f5ng sai so\u00f9t ngoa\u00f8i y\u00f9 muo\u00e1n, ra\u00e1t mong nha\u00e4n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc s\u00f6\u00ef go\u00f9p y\u00f9 xa\u00e2y d\u00f6\u00efng t\u00f6\u00f8 ph\u00eda ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8i \u00f1o\u00efc.
Xin cha\u00e2n tha\u00f8nh ca\u00fbm \u00f4n!
CA\u00d9C TA\u00d8I LIE\u00c4U \u00d1A\u00d5 BIE\u00c2N SOA\u00cfN:
@ Ba\u00f8i ta\u00e4p tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng c\u00f4 ho\u00efc\ue000 so\u00f9ng c\u00f4 ho\u00efc (400 ba\u00f8i).
@ Ba\u00f8i ta\u00e4p tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1ie\u00e4n\ue000 so\u00f9ng \u00f1ie\u00e4n t\u00f6\u00f8 (400 ba\u00f8i).
@Ba\u00f8i ta\u00e4p tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m quang h\u00ecnh ho\u00efc (400ba\u00f8i).
@ Ba\u00f8i ta\u00e4p tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m quang ly\u00f9\ue000 va\u00e4t ly\u00f9 ha\u00eft nha\u00e2n (400 ba\u00f8i).
@Ba\u00f8i ta\u00e4p tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m c\u00f4 ho\u00ef
c cha\u00e1t ra\u00e9n\ue000 ban khoa ho\u00efc t\u00f6\u00ef nhie\u00e2n (250 ba\u00f8i).
@Ba\u00f8i ta\u00e4p tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m toa\u00f8n ta\u00e4p va\u00e4t ly\u00f9 12 (1200 ba\u00f8i).
@ Tuye \u00e5
n ta\u00e4p 40 \u00f1e\u00e0 thi tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m va\u00e4t ly\u00f9 da\u00f8nh cho o\u00e2n thi to\u00e1t nghie\u00e4p va\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00efi ho\u00efc (2 t\ue004p).
@ \u00d1e\u00e0 c\u00f6\u00f4ng o\u00e2n ta\u00e4p ca\u00e2u ho\u00fbi ly\u00f9 thuye\u00e1t suy lua\u00e4n va\u00e4t ly\u00f9 12\ue000 du\u00f8ng cho thi tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m.
@V\ue000n ki\ue006nh\ue007i th\ue002o \ue009H\ue001\ue008ng d\ue003n thi tr\ue005c nghi\ue006m\ue00a(ST).
@ Ba\u00f8i ta\u00e4p tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m va\u00e4t ly\u00f9 11\ue000 theo ch\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh sa\u00f9ch gia\u00f9o khoa na\u00e2ng cao.
@Ba\u00f8i ta\u00e4p tra\u00e9c nghie\u00e4m va\u00e4t ly\u00f9 10\ue000 theo ch\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh sa\u00f9ch gia\u00f9o khoa na\u00e2ng cao.
No\u00e4i dung ca\u00f9c sa\u00f9ch co\u00f9 s\u00f6\u00ef tham kha\u00fbo ta\u00f8i lie\u00e4u va\u00f8 y\u00f9 kie\u00e1n \u00f1o\u00f9ng go\u00f9p cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c ta\u00f9c gia\u00fb va\u00f8 \u00f1o\u00e0ng
nghie\u00e4
p. Xin cha\u00e2n tha\u00f8nh ca\u00fbm \u00f4n!
Mo\u00efi y\u00f9 kie\u00e1n xin vui lo\u00f8ng lie\u00e2
n he\u00e4
:
': 0210.471.167 - 08.909.22.16\ue000 090.777.54.69
*:buigianoi@yahoo.com.vn
GV: BU\u00d8I GIA NO\u00c4I
(Bo\u00e4 mo\u00e2n va\u00e4t ly\u00f9)
Tha\u00f8nh Pho\u00e1 Ho\u00e0 Ch\u00ed Minh,th \u00e1ng 06 na\u00eam 2007
Trung ta\u00e2m LT\u00d1H Tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8
ng \u00d1HSP TP.HCM
GV: Bu\u00f8i Gia No\u00e4i
': 090.777.54.69
Trang: 2
DAO \u00d1O\u00c4NG C\u00d4 HO\u00cfC
Ca\u00e2u 1 : \u00d1\u00f2nh ngh\u00f3a dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ho\u00f8a. Vie\u00e1t ph\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, ne\u00e2u \u00f1\u00f2nh ngh\u00f3a ca\u00f9c \u00f1a\u00efi l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng trong
ph\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Tha\u00f8nh la\u00e4p co\u00e2
ng th\u00f6\u00f9c t\u00ednh va\u00e4n to\u00e1c va\u00f8 gia to\u00e1c trong dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u hoa\u00f8. Tr\u00ecnh ba\u00f8y
mo\u00e1i lie\u00e2n he\u00e4 gi\u00f6\u00f5
a chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4
ng tro\u00f8n \u00f1e\u00e0
u va\u00f8 dao \u00f1o\u00e4
ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ho\u00f8
a.
1. \u00d1\u00d2NH NGH\u00d3A - VIE\u00c1
T PH\u00d6\u00d4NG TR\u00ccNH
Dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ho\u00f8a la\u00f8 dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng co\u00f9 ly \u00f1o\u00e4 x bie\u00e1n \u00f1o\u00e5i theo th\u00f4\u00f8i gian tua\u00e2n theo \u00f1\u00f2nh lua\u00e4t h\u00ecnh
sin (hay cosin).
Ph\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1ie\u00e0
u ho\u00f8a: x = Asin(wt +j)
\u00a7A : bie\u00e2n \u00f1o\u00e4 hay gia\u00f9 tr\u00f2 c\u00f6\u00efc \u00f1a\u00efi cu\u00fba ly \u00f1o\u00e4.
\u00a7j: pha ban \u00f1a\u00e0u la\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00efi l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng xa\u00f9c \u00f1\u00f2nh v\u00f2 tr\u00ed, va\u00e4n to\u00e1c lu\u00f9c t = 0.
\u00a7(wt +j) : pha dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng la\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00efi l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng xa\u00f9c \u00f1inh v\u00f2 tr\u00ed, va\u00e4n to\u00e1c lu\u00f9c t.
\u00a7T la\u00f8 chu ky\u00f8 cu\u00fba dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng. No\u00f9 la\u00f8 khoa\u00fbng th\u00f4\u00f8i gian nga\u00e9n nha\u00e1t sau \u00f1o\u00f9 tra\u00efng tha\u00f9i dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng
la\u00e4p la\u00efi nh\u00f6 cu\u00f5 hay th\u00f4\u00f8i gian \u00f1e\u00e5 va\u00e4t th\u00f6\u00efc hie\u00e4n \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc 1 la\u00e0n dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng.
\u00a7f la\u00f8 ta\u00e0n so\u00e1. No\u00f9 la\u00f8 so\u00e1 dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng ma\u00f8 va\u00e4t th\u00f6\u00efc hie\u00e4n trong mo\u00e4t \u00f1\u00f4n v\u00f2 th\u00f4\u00f8i gian.
\u00a7wla\u00f8 ta\u00e0n so\u00e1 go\u00f9c cu\u00fba dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng. La\u00f8 \u00f1a\u00efi l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng trung gian cho phe\u00f9p xa\u00f9c \u00f1\u00f2nh ta\u00e0n so\u00e1 va\u00f8 chu ky\u00f8
cu\u00fba dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng theo co\u00e2ng th\u00f6\u00f9c :w =2Tp = 2pf
2. VA\u00c4N TO\u00c1
C - GIA TO\u00c1C
- Va\u00e4n to\u00e1c : v = x\ue001 = Aw cos(wt +j)
- Gia to\u00e1c : a = x\ue001\ue001 = - Aw2sin(wt +j)
3. LIE\u00c2N HE\u00c4 GI\u00d6\u00d5A CHUYE\u00c5N \u00d1O\u00c4NG TRO\u00d8N \u00d1E\u00c0
U VA\u00d8 DAO \u00d1O\u00c4NG \u00d1IE\u00c0U HO\u00d8A
Xe\u00f9t \u00f1ie\u00e5m M chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1e\u00e0u tre\u00e2n vo\u00f8ng tro\u00f8n (O, A) v\u00f4\u00f9i
va\u00e4n to\u00e1c go\u00f9cw :
\u00a7\u00d4\u00db t = 0 : Mco \u00f9ly \u00f1o \u00e4go \u00f9c la\u00f8j .
\u00a7\u00d4\u00db t : M co\u00f9 ly \u00f1o\u00e4 go\u00f9c la\u00f8 (wt +j).
Go\u00efi P la\u00f8 h\u00ecnh chie\u00e1u cu\u00fba M xuo\u00e1ng tru\u00efc x\ue001Ox, ta co\u00f9
:
xp =OP = OMsin(wt +j)\u00de xp = Asin(wt +j)
Ta tha\u00e1y chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4ng cu\u00fba P la\u00f8 mo\u00e4
t dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ho\u00f8a.
No\u00f9i kha\u00f9c \u00f1i dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1ie\u00e0
u ho\u00f8a co\u00f9 the\u00e5 coi nh\u00f6 la\u00f8 h\u00ecnh chie\u00e1u cu\u00fba mo\u00e4t chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4ng tro\u00f8n \u00f1e\u00e0u xuo\u00e1ng mo\u00e4t tru\u00efc na\u00e8m trong ma\u00ebt pha\u00fang quy\u00f5 \u00f1a\u00efo.
Ca\u00e2
u 2 :* Nha\u00e4
n xe\u00f9t ve\u00e0 pha dao \u00f1o\u00e4
ng gi\u00f6\u00f5
a v va\u00f8 x, gi\u00f6\u00f5
a a va\u00f8 x.
* Cho bie\u00e1t nh\u00f6\u00f5ng \u00f1ie\u00e5m gio\u00e1ng nhau va\u00f8 kha\u00f9c nhau gi\u00f6\u00f5a dao \u00f1o\u00e4
ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ho\u00f8a va\u00f8 dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng
tua\u00e0
n hoa\u00f8n.
1. Nha\u00e4\u00e2n xe\u00f9t ve\u00e0 pha dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng gi\u00f6\u00f5a v va\u00f8 x; gi\u00f6\u00f5a a va\u00f8 x
*
v = Aw cos(wt+j) = Aw sin[(wt+j)+2p ]
x = Asin(wt+j)
\u00dev va \u00f8x la \u00f82 \u00f1a \u00efil\u00f6 \u00f4\u00efng vuo\u00e2ng ph a
*
a =-Aw2 sin(wt+j) = Aw2 sin[(wt+j)+p ]
x = Asin(wt+j)
\u00dea va\u00f8 x la\u00f8 2 \u00f1a\u00efi l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng ng\u00f6\u00f4\u00efc pha
x
C (D )
Mo
M
A
P
j
wt
x'
O
Trung ta\u00e2m LT\u00d1H Tr\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng \u00d1HSP TP.HCM
GV: Bu\u00f8i Gia No\u00e4i
': 090.777.54.69
Trang: 3
2. \u00d1ie\u00e5m gio\u00e1ng nhau va\u00f8 kha\u00f9c nhau cu\u00fba hai dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ho\u00f8a va\u00f8 dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng tua\u00e0n hoa\u00f8n
* Gio\u00e1ng nhau :
- \u00d1e\u00e0u co\u00f9 s\u00f6\u00ef la\u00ebp la\u00efi nh\u00f6\u00f5ng khoa\u00fbng th\u00f4\u00f8i gian ba\u00e8ng nhau.
- Hai \u00f1ao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1e\u00e0u co\u00f9 chu ky\u00f8, ta\u00e0n so\u00e1.
* Kha\u00f9c nhau:
- Dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ho\u00f8a mo\u00e2 ta\u00fb ba\u00e8ng \u00f1inh lua\u00e4t h\u00ecnh sin va\u00f8 co\u00f9 quy\u00f5 \u00f1a\u00efo luo\u00e2n la\u00f8 \u00f1\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng
tha\u00fang, trong khi dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng tua\u00e0n hoa\u00f8n th\u00ec kho\u00e2ng nha\u00e1t thie\u00e1t pha\u00fbi ca\u00e0n \u00f1ie\u00e0u kie\u00e4n \u00f1o\u00f9\u00f9.
- Dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ho\u00f8a la\u00f8 ta\u00e4p con cu\u00fba dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng tua\u00e0n hoa\u00f8n, dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng tua\u00e0n hoa\u00f8n la\u00efi la\u00f8
ta\u00e4p con cu\u00fba ca\u00f9c dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng no\u00f9i chung.
Ca\u00e2
u 3 : Dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng cu\u00fba con la\u00e9c lo\u00f8 xo na\u00e8m ngang
* Mo\u00e2 ta\u00fb ca\u00e1u ta\u00efo va\u00f8 th\u00ed nghie\u00e4m.
* Thie\u00e1t la\u00e4p ph\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng.
1. Mo\u00e2 ta\u00fb ca\u00e1u ta\u00efo th\u00ed nghie\u00e4m ve\u00e0 con la\u00e9c lo\u00f8 xo
- Xe\u00f9t mo\u00e4t he\u00e4 go\u00e0m lo\u00f8 xo co\u00f9 \u00f1o\u00e4 c\u00f6\u00f9ng K, mo\u00e4t \u00f1a\u00e0u ga\u00e9n va\u00f8o mo\u00e4t \u00f1ie\u00e5m co\u00e1 \u00f1\u00f2nh, \u00f1a\u00e0u kia mang qua\u00fb ca\u00e0u kho\u00e1i l\u00f6\u00f4\u00efng m, gi\u00f6\u00f5a qua\u00fb ca\u00e0u co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t ca\u00f9i ra\u00f5nh cho phe\u00f9p no\u00f9 chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4ng do\u00efc theo mo\u00e4t thanh ngang kho\u00e2ng ma sa\u00f9t. F
- Cho\u00efn go\u00e1c O la\u00f8 v\u00f2 t\u00f6\u00f8 lu\u00f9c qua\u00fb ca\u00e0u \u00f1\u00f6\u00f9ng ye\u00e2n.
- Ke\u00f9o qua\u00fb ca\u00e0u ra kho\u00fbi v\u00f2 tr\u00ed ca\u00e2n ba\u00e8ng \u00f1e\u00e1n ly \u00f1o\u00e4 x = A ro\u00e0i buo\u00e2ng tay, qua\u00fb ca\u00e0u chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4ng nhanh da\u00e0n ve\u00e0 ph\u00eda O, v\u00f6\u00f4\u00eft qua O do qua\u00f9n t\u00ednh, ro\u00e0i chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4ng cha\u00e4m da\u00e0n \u00f1e\u00e1n khi va\u00e4n to\u00e1c ba\u00e8ng 0, sau \u00f1o\u00f9 chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4ng nhanh \u00f1a\u00e0n ve\u00e0 ph\u00eda O ro\u00e0i la\u00efi cha\u00e4m da\u00e0n \u00f1e\u00e1n khi va\u00e4n to\u00e1c ba\u00e8ng 0. Sau \u00f1o\u00f9 chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4ng la\u00ebp la\u00efi nh\u00f6 cu\u00f5.
2. Thie\u00e1t la\u00e4
p ph\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng cu\u00fb
a con la\u00e9c lo\u00f8 xo
a. Pha\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00f6\u00efc
\u00d4\u00db v\u00f2 tr\u00ed x ho\u00f8n bi ch\u00f2u ta\u00f9c du\u00efng cu\u00fba 3 l\u00f6\u00efc : tro\u00ef
ng l\u00f6\u00efc P mg
=
u
r
r
,
pha\u00fbn l\u00f6\u00efcN
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cu\u00fba thanh ngang va\u00f8 l\u00f6\u00efc \u00f1a\u00f8n ho\u00e0iF
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cu\u00fba lo\u00f8 xo. V\u00ecP
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va\u00f8N
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ca\u00e2n ba\u00e8ng nhau ne\u00e2n ch\u00e6 co\u00f8n
l\u00f6\u00efc F la\u00f8m cho ho\u00f8n bi dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng. Theo \u00f1\u00f2nh lua\u00e4t Hooke th\u00ec F = - Kx, v\u00f4\u00f9i K la\u00f8 \u00f1o\u00e4 c\u00f6\u00f9
ng cu\u00fba lo\u00f8 xo
co\u00f8n da\u00e1u tr\u00f6\u00f8 ch\u00e6 l\u00f6\u00efc F luo\u00e2n luo\u00e2n h\u00f6\u00f4\u00f9ng ve\u00e0 v\u00f2 tr\u00ed ca\u00e2n ba\u00e8ng.
b. La\u00e4p ph\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4
ng
Theo \u00f1\u00f2nh lua\u00e4t 2 Newton:P N F
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Cho\u00efn chie\u00e0u d\u00f6\u00f4ng nh\u00f6 h\u00ecnh ve\u00f5, chie\u00e1u (*) xuo\u00e1ng
\u00de
-Kx = mx\ue003
\u00de
x= -Fx
m
-
\u00d1a\u00ebt
w2=K
mSuy ra x\ue003 =w2x Hay x\ue003 +w2x = 0
\u00d1a\u00e2y la\u00f8 ph\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh vi pha\u00e2n mo\u00e2 ta\u00fb chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4ng cu\u00fba con la\u00e9c lo\u00f8 xo
Nghie\u00e4m cu\u00fba ph\u00f6\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh vi pha\u00e2n co\u00f9 da\u00efng: x = Asin(wt +j)
Va\u00e4y chuye\u00e5n \u00f1o\u00e4ng cu\u00fba con la\u00e9c lo\u00f8 xo la\u00f8 mo\u00e4t \u00f1ao \u00f1o\u00e4ng \u00f1ie\u00e0u ho\u00f8a.
Ca\u00e2
u 4:* La\u00e4p co\u00e2ng th\u00f6\u00f9c lie\u00e2n he\u00e4 gi\u00f6\u00f5aw va\u00f8 T.
* Vie\u00e1t co\u00e2ng th\u00f6\u00f9c chu k\u00ec dao \u00f1o\u00e4
ng cu\u00fba con la\u00e9c lo\u00f8 xo co\u00f9 chie\u00e0
u da\u00f8i l treo va\u00e4t m. Ne\u00e1u ta\u00eang
chi\ue000u da\u00f8i lo\u00f8 xo la\u00f8 2l va\u00f8 va\u00e3n treo va\u00e4t m th\u00ec chu ky\u00f8 dao \u00f1o\u00e4ng cu\u00fba con la\u00e9c lo\u00f8 xo the\u00e1 na\u00f8
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Li Thuyet Vat Li on Thi DH
1,043 Reads
Info and Rating
| Category: | Uncategorized. |
| Rating: | (1 Rating) |
| Upload Date: | 06/20/2009 |
| Copyright: | Attribution Non-commercial |
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