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BLOCK MODELLING
VULCAN 4 – Block Model Training Manual
Copyright 2002 Maptek Pty Limited
All rights reserved. No part of this manual shall be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means – electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise – without written
permission from Maptek Pty Ltd. No patent liability is assumed with
respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although
every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual,
the publisher and author(s) assume no responsibility for errors or
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from the use of the information contained herein.
Trademarks
Microsoft Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft
Corporation.
AutoCAD is a registered trademark of AutoDesk.
The following conventions are used throughout this manual.
Examples are written in bold italics.
Important points or references are written in bold.
Tip!
Hints, tips and warnings appear between horizontal lines.
i
Contacting Maptek
Corporate
Web: http://www.maptek.com.au
VULCAN product
Website: http://www.vulcan3d.com
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ii
Europe: 44115947 2000
iii
Contents
Table of Contents
iv
Contents
v
Contents
vi
Figures
Table of Figures
vii
Contents
viii
Contents
ix
Contents
x
Contents
xi
Contents
xii
Chapter 1 Block Construction
Use conditions
(exceptions) to
remove blocks
Use large parent
blocks to
minimise the
block model
size.
Use subblocking to increase
accuracy along contacts
Limit the
maximum block
Define regions using size within
Triangulations regions
Automatic
block
optimisation
Figure 11: Block Model Slice
1
Why do we use Block
What is a Block Model?
Models?
• A block model is a series of
Advantages of using block
"blocks" or "cells" that models
collectively define a larger
• A block model is a very
block. Each block defines
efficient data structure in
an exact piece of 3D space.
which to store a large
• Each cell can be assigned
amount of information.
a series of attributes, eg
• Very flexible construction
grade, geological code,
methods allow you to
metallurgical code or
create a model that
geotechnical code that
accurately represents the
represent the physical
geological and mining
properties of the deposit.
conditions.
In this way a complete
• Allows excellent
"model" of the deposit can
visualisation of geological
be produced.
zones or grade trends
within an orebody.
• The increased use of
geostatistical methods to
express grade distribution
requires a block model
structure to store the
results of the estimation.
• Rapid calculations between
the values within variables
allow effective
resource/reserve estimates
to be undertaken.
2
1. Construct the model
(Construction submenu).
2. Verify the model by slicing
Block Construction
contouring etc. (Viewing The block construction
submenu). process typically consists of
3. Perform calculations, add two steps;
variables, etc. 1. Create a block definition
(Manipulation submenu). file (.bdf) (Block >
4. Interpolate grades into the Construction > New
model (Grade Estimation option).
submenu). 2. Create the block model
5. Report the Resource (Block > Construction >
(Reserves submenu). Create Model option).
Figure 14: Block Model
Utility Orientation Panel
Figure 13: Block Menu
3
1.1.1 Origin and Orientation 1.1.2 Block Model Offsets, Parent
Block Size and sub-blocking
The origin is commonly either
the minimum point of the The Schemes panel allows
model or the map grid origin you to define the model
(0, 0, 0). It can, however, be extents, i.e. the start and end
any value. offsets that define the 3D
Orientating the model to aerial extent of the model,
match the overall orientation parent block size and extent,
of the deposit will generally and block size of any sub
result in better edge definition block areas.
between geological zones,
producing fewer blocks.
Orient the model by entering
absolute and relative rotations
about the three axes.
Notes:
Figure 15: Block Model
• All rotations are measured
Utility – Schemes Panel
anticlockwise. If clockwise
rotations are required, The first row in the table must
then use negative angles. be the Parent Scheme.
• Bearing, Plunge and Dip
Notes:
are not used with their
geological definitions, but • If the model origin is
rather refer to rotations (0,0,0) then the start and
around the axes. end offsets are the co
• For a rotated model it is ordinates of the minimum
easier to use the minimum and maximum points of
coordinates of the model the model. If the model
for the origin. origin is the minimum
• For Block Addition the point of the model, then
models must have the the start and end offsets
same orientation. are the distances relative
to the origin in order to
define the 3D extent of the
model.
4
• The parent block size must • Subblocking sizes must
be a divisor of the model be a divisor of the parent
extent. If the parent block block size.
size does not fit exactly
within the model extent, 1.1.3 Variable Names and Default
you are notified and Values
prompted to adjust the The Variables panel allows
extent. you to specify all variables to
• Subsequent rows in the be created in the model. You
table are for any subblock must also specify the data
areas. Specify the type and a default value for
minimum block sizes in each variable. The description
the “Block X, Y and Z” is optional.
fields. If the subblocking
is to take place in a sub
region of the block model,
then enter start and end
offsets.
• Additional subblocking
extents may be defined
within the model if
required.
Figure 16: Block Model
• The subblocking extents
Utility – Variables Panel
must not exceed the model
extents. Notes:
• Subblocking minimum • Variable names should
sizes should be kept to a never start with a numeric
reasonable resolution to value.
define the boundaries. The • Keep variable names as
smaller the subblocking short as possible.
size the larger the model. • Select the data type most
This will affect computer appropriate to the
performance and the time requirements of the
taken to create or modify variable. As some data
the block model. types use more memory
• Subblocking maximum than others, selecting an
sizes must not exceed the inappropriate data type
parent block size. could result in much larger
5
block models than different limit values to
necessary. define accurately the zones
• Variables used for in the model.
estimation must be either • The maximum block size
"float" or "double" data must lie between the
type. smallest subblock size
and the parent block size.
1.1.4 Define the Limits of the Hence you must have
Block Sizes by Variables defined subblocks.
The Limits panel allows you • The maximum block size
to specify a maximum block must be a divisor of the
size for blocks of predefined parent block size.
values. Values are assigned
using the Boundaries panel. 1.1.5 Boundaries
For example, within a The Boundaries panel allows
particular ore zone the block you to apply attributes to
limits may be 5, 2.5, 2.5. blocks based on their position
Whereas in another ore zone relative to triangulations. This
the block limits may be 1,1,1. option also allows sub
blocking to be performed.
For example, a geological code
may be applied if a block lies
within a solid triangulation
defining the geological region.
Priority levels are assigned to
resolve areas of conflict
between triangulations; the
higher the value the higher
Figure 17:Block Model the priority. The highest value
Utility – Limits Panel allowable is 9999.
Inversion and projection along
Notes:
an axis are used to determine
• A block will have this limit the area of interest relative to
applied if the variable a triangulation.
value is equal to that
specified in the panel. You
may therefore use many
6
Figure 110: Inversion with
2D (Surface) Triangulations
Figure 18: Block Model
Utility – Boundaries Panel 1.1.5.2 Projection Axes:
Notes: The projection axis defines the
• Wildcards may be used direction for a surface and has
when listing triangulation no effect when working with
names. solids. The projection axis
• Partial inversion is only option is used in situations
used with surface where steeply dipping
triangulations. structures define regions.
• The higher priority value
takes precedence over the
lower.
Figure 111: Projection Axes
If No inversion is selected the
negative side of the
triangulation is the area of
interest. If Partial or Complete
Figure 19: Inversion with inversion is selected the
3D (Solid) Triangulations positive side of the
triangulation is the area of
interest.
For triangulations (ore bodies)
that are steeply dipping, it
may be necessary to project
along the X or Y axes to
7
ensure the correct inversion is
applied.
Figure 114: Projection
along the Z axis
Figure 113: Projection
along the Y axis
For triangulations (ore bodies)
that are near to horizontal i.e.
lying in the XY plane, a
projection along the Z axis Figure 115: Block Model
may be more suitable. The Utility – Exceptions Panel
area of interest is then below
Notes:
the triangulation if No
inversion or above if Partial or • Removing unnecessary
Complete is selected. blocks from the model will
reduce the size of the
model resulting in better
computer performance.
8
• Remember that if you option, simply specify the
simply use the topography block definition file name
triangulation to remove (.bdf) and the name for the
blocks, then you may be model. By default the
discarding some blocks definition file that is currently
that are required for loaded is displayed in the
accurate reserves, panel and a block file name
scheduling etc. To avoid that matches the definition file
this, make a copy of your name is suggested.
topography triangulation, The index model option
translate it to a height should be selected to allow the
about twice the block generation of a block model
height above the index. A block model index
topography triangulation will allow much faster access
and then use this copy for to the model for future
the exception. processing. If the block model
is large, then the creation of
1.1.7 Saving the Block Definition
the index may take some time.
File
The block model creation
The Block Model Utility >
process is run in a shell
File > Save As option allows
window, thus allowing you to
you to save the block
continue working within
definition file. The maximum
VULCAN.
size of the definition file name
is 20 alphanumeric Workshop: Creating
characters. your first model
The aim of this workshop is to
1.2 Create the Block Model create a number of models
The Create Model option that demonstrate the various
(either the Block > options available. We will
Construction > Create Model create a simple regular model
or the Block Model Utility > and then introduce some
Model > Create Model) allows simple viewing techniques so
you to build the model. that you may verify the model.
Once all the required Work at your own pace. Use
parameters have been entered the manual if required or ask
using the New Definition
9
the MAPTEK staff for 0.000
assistance.
Start Y Offset:
0.000
1. The model origin and
orientation (Orientation Panel) Start Z offset:
0.000
Enter the origin coordinates Enter the End offset:
and the Rotation angle:
End X Offset:
X origin coordinate:
810.000
77900.000
End Y Offset:
Y origin coordinate:
330.000
4300.000
End Z Offset:
Z origin coordinate:
600.000
300.000
Enter the parent block size:
Bearing:
Block X Size:
62
30.000
Block Y Size:
30.000
Block Z Size:
30.000
Figure 116: Block Model
Orientation Panel
This will create a model
trending 62°, with horizontal
plunge and dip.
Figure 117: Add Schema
2. The model dimensions Panel
(Schemes Panel)
Enter the start offset: This will define a model 810 ×
330 × 600 metres.
Start X Offset:
10
Select File > Save As.
Enter the block definition file 4. Creating the model:
name: Select Model > Create Model.
File Name: Enter the model name:
first first
Enter the definition file
3. Adding variables (Variables name:
Panel)
first
Enter:
Variable name:
geol
Select the data type: Figure 119: Block Create
Panel
name
Enter the default value: Select OK to build the model.
air When the model has been
created use the Block Viewing
Enter the description: slice and blocks options to
geological code verify the model.
Now that you have created
your first model you may like
to experiment with the other
options available. Try the
following examples. Either
build on previous models by
editing the .bdf or create new
block definition files.
A regular model with origin at
Figure 118: Add Variable model minimum
Panel A regular model rotated
This model will only have one A regular model plunged
variable called ‘geol’ with a A regular model dipped
value equal to ‘air’. A subblocked model using
Select File > Save. solid triangulations
11
A subblocked model using
surface triangulations
A subblocked model using
both solid and surface
triangulations
A subblocked model using
limits
A subblocked model using
exceptions
Finally create a model, which
we will use for grade
estimation, using some or all
of these options.
12
Chapter 2: Block Viewing
Figure 21: Multiple Block Model Slices
13
VULCAN Block Viewing • Variable values have been
Methods assigned correctly.
• Check for "leaks".
VULCAN allows you to display
the block model in a variety of
ways. After grade estimation the
model is viewed again to verify
You may:
the estimation process. The
• Display the block model model may be viewed at any
extents. time to gain information.
• Slice the model at any
orientation. Getting Information
• Slice the model about your Block
dynamically. Models
• Display multiple slices. The Block menu contains
• Load blocks as 3D boxes, options that allow you to
rectangles or crosses.
• List the block models in
• Contour the model.
your working directory
• Interrogate the model
(Block > Directory).
directly.
• Open a block model (Block
Reasons for Viewing > Open).
Block Models • Display the block model
header information (Block
After a block model has been
> Header).
created it must be verified.
Common types of checks
2.1 Getting a List of your Block
performed include: Models
• Blocks have been created The Directory option allows
in the correct place. you to display a list of the
• Blocks are of the correct block models in your working
size. directory.
• Subblocking has
performed as expected.
12
Figure 22: Report Window showing block model directory listing
2.2 Opening Your Block Model 2.3 Displaying the Block Model
Header Information
The Open option allows you to
open a block model. You can The Header option allows you
to view general information
also use the Open button
about the model.
on the Standard toolbar or the
Open Block Model button The information includes:
on the Open toolbar to Open • Model name
Block models. • Number of blocks
The standard Windows Open • Number of variables
Panel is displayed. • Model origin
• Model orientation
Use the Look in field to
• Creation/Edit date
navigate to the directory in
• Variable defaults
which the block model is
• Translation tables
stored.
• Model schemes
From the Files of Type field
select Vulcan Block Models. Block Viewing
Note this is only necessary if 2.4 Generating Contours of the
Block Model
you used the Open button on
the Standard toolbar. The Contour option allows
Select the block model to open you to contour any variable in
the model in any plane. One
and select Open.
or more sections may be
contoured at any time. Zonal
Note: contours may be created.
• You can only have one Note:
block model open at a
time.
13
• Contours are restricted to
values in the plane being
contoured.
• Use "continuous contours"
to take care of blocks with
default values.
• Displaying contours as
underlays will assist in
graphics performance.
• Contour intervals are
controlled by those set out
in the contour legend
scheme. See Analyse >
Legend Edit if you do not
have a contour legend
scheme.
14
14
Figure 23: Report Window showing block model details
Figure 24: Block Contours panel
15
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
Figure 32: Block
Figure 31: Block Edit panel Calculation Panel
16
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
17
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
18
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
* rec_205 = recovery
Note: expected in geo = 5 and
weathering = 200
• See the Online Help >
* rec_0 = recovery
Envisage > Core expected in non-ore zones
Appendices > Appendix D
*
and H for additional
* Assign variable values
information on scripting
syntax and operators.
rec_103 = 0.833
3.4.4 Example Script: rec_105 = 0.85
The example below assigns rec_203 = 0.97
different values for "recovery" rec_205 = 0.92
based on the value of the "geo" rec_0 = 0.00
and "weathering" variables.
19
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
recovery = rec_0 • Execute scripts to
calculate the values of
endif
economic and engineering
variables to aid in mine
planning.
Workshop Exercise:
Note: Scripts
• Scripts are executed for Use one of the block models
each cell in turn. constructed earlier to
• Any variable names may calculate a dollar field for
be used, but only those reporting and evaluation
variables defined in the purposes.
block model will save the
results. i.e. Scripts allow
1. Plan your calculation
the use of temporary
variables to make the a. What variables will you
calculations easier to need?
understand and b. What logic will best
implement. suit the calculation and
• Comment lines may be cell selection?
used freely throughout the c. You may have to add
script. Simply begin the your variable(s) first.
line with an asterisk.
• Scripts provide a good
Note:
permanent record, or audit
trail, of calculations • Use units analysis to
performed on the block confirm that the value you
model. are calculating is actually
the quantity you want. i.e.
Sequence of events: Do you wish to calculate
the total dollar value of
• Geology supply block
each cell or the $/t value
model with geology and
of the material?
grade variables.
• Add the required
engineering and economic
variables.
20
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
21
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
• And enter an optional • Enter an optional variable
description for the description.
variable. • Enter an optional default
value.
On completion of the Add
Block Model Variable panel,
it is redisplayed, so that
additional variables may be
defined. When all variables are
Figure 35: Block Model
defined, cancel out of the
Change Variable Name Panel
panel. The variables will be
added to the model.
3.8 Translating a Block Model
3.6 Deleting Variables from a The Translate option allows
Block Model you to move a block model.
The Delete Variable option Enter the X, Y and Z
allows you to delete variables translation distances. The
from a block model. block model will then be
Simply select the variable to moved (translated) the
be deleted from the variable appropriate distance along
list and select OK. each axis.
Note:
• All data associated with
the deleted variable is also
removed.
22
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
rotation angles for the X, Y
and Z axes. All rotation angles
are anticlockwise. If clockwise
rotation is required, then enter
negative rotation angles.
Figure 38: Index Block
Model Panel
Note:
• The index procedure
Figure 37: Block Model requires an amount of disk
Rotation Panel space equal to the amount
that the model already
Note:
occupies. This means that
• The rotation axes are the if the model is 4Mb in size
same as defined in the and only 3Mb is free you
block construction area. won't be able to index the
Therefore the Bearing, model.
Plunge and Dip do not • When indexing the model
have their normal you can choose to use the
structural definitions. fast method, which is CPU
intensive and stops you
3.10 Indexing a Block Model working in Envisage, or the
The Index option allows you to slower method, which
index a block model. Indexing allows you to continue
a block model writes a spatial working in Envisage.
index of the block locations to
the block model file, 3.11 Assigning Values to a
Block Model
consequently allowing for
faster access to the block The Assign Values option
model. If the structure of the allows you to assign block
block model changes in any variable values from an input
way, the block model must be model to an output model. The
indexed again. Adding or block variable values are
deleting variables has no effect assigned based on their
on the index of the block common block overlap and the
model. calculation method chosen.
23
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
The open block model • Load only an existing
(remember you can only have assignment definition file if
one block model open at a it was created with the
time) is the input model. You same input and output
specify the output model on block model so that
the Assign Block Values panel. variable details match.
You also specify the name of
the block definition file (.bdf)
that is to be created or edited
in the assignment process.
Figure 39: Assign Block
Values Panel
Note: Figure 310: Assignment
Variables Panel
• The input and output
model must have the same
orientation (i.e. bearing, Name variable values in the
plunge and dip) and their output model are ignored, i.e.
parent (primary) block you cannot assign a value
extents must overlap. If the from the input model to a
output model extent is name variable in the output
beyond the input model model. For this reason, the
extent, input blocks on the Assignment Methods are not
edge will be assigned displayed for output name
incorrect values due to the variables.
difference in volume. Use the Next button to step
• All definition files are through each output variable's
displayed in the definition panel.
file list, however, only
The name, default value and
those files created in a
data type of the output
previous assign values
variable is displayed at the top
procedure should be
of the panel.
selected.
24
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
For each output variable, You can either use a density
specify the assignment value or an input density
calculation method: variable.
• Use default value uses Once all output variables have
the default value of the been assigned, you are
output variable (shown in prompted whether to continue
the top half of the panel). with the assignment process
• Majority variable allows or to change the definition.
you to enter or select an If you select Change
input variable for which definition, you are returned
the majority value will be to the first output variable's
calculated and placed in panel. If you select Continue,
the output variable. the external block assignment
• Total variable allows you program is run in a shell
to enter or select an input window. Once this is finished,
variable for which the total press Enter to remove the
will be found and placed in window.
the output variable.
• Average variable allows
you to enter or select an Note:
input variable for which • The block assignment
the average will be found program processes the
and placed in the output output model in strips of
variable. XY blocks with the Z
• Percentage variable depth of the output model.
allows you to enter an Where these strips overlap
input variable and an the input model, the input
ordinal value. The model blocks are re
percentage of variable blocked and the calculated
values equal to the ordinal volume and (possibly
value is calculated and density weighted) values
placed in the output are assigned to the output
variable. model blocks.
• To run the block
Select the Weight blocks assignment program from
using density option to weight outside Envisage, start a
output variables by density. Hamilton C Shell, navigate
25
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
25
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
26
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
27
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28
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29
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30
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31
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33
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34
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35
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36
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37
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38
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39
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40
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
41
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
42
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
• Use default value This and
method uses the default NSB
• Majority variable This • Average variable This
method calculates the method calculates the
ordinal value that occupies average of the variable
a majority of the regular from the subblocks
block's volume. The input intersected by the regular
and output variable types block. The calculation may
should be byte or integer. be defined as follows:
Floating point variables
will be truncated. The
43
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
matching the given ordinal
value is denoted by NSB.
default_average, sum_tonnage = 0
sum_units The calculation may be
average = , sum_tonnage > 0
defined as follows:
sum_tonnage
sum_units
, sum_tonnag e < 0 _match
sum_volume
sum_tonnage percentage = × 100
regular_volume
where.
where,
NSB NSB
sum_units = ∑ variable × VOLUME(com
sum_volume
mon_block) ∑density
_match = × VOLUME(common
i =1
i =1
and and
NSB
sum_tonnage = ∑ VOLUME(com
i =1
regular_volume = VOLUME(regular_block)
mon_block) × density
Hint:
• If density weighting is not The totals e.g.
used, the density value Weight tonnages).
defaults to 1. Otherwise, blocks
the specified density value using Examples -
or subblock density
density Regularisa
variable is used. tion
option is
applicable Methods
only if you (2D only)
• Percentage variable This are
method calculates the averaging
percentage of the regular or totalling
block volume occupied by a field's
subblocks matching a contents
specified ordinal value. (i.e.
The input variable type density
should be byte or integer, weighted
and the output variable averages
type should be floating e.g.
point. The number of sub grams/ton;
blocks intersected by a density
regular block and also multiplied
44
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
Default Variable No
calculation performed.
45
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
NOTE:
• Density weighting is not
4.9
used for this example. Deleting
Blocks
from a
block
model
Percentage Variable Refer to The Delete
Figure 418, Table 41 and cells
Table42. option
allows you
Percentage of regular block Figure 4
volume filled by subblocks to delete
19: Block
with a zone value of A: blocks
Selection
from a
block Panel
sum_common_volume = (100 of A) + (100 of A) + (100 of A)
model. Either all
= 300 of A
When this blocks or
regular_volume = 400 option is specific
300
hence, percentage zone(A) = × 100 selected, blocks can
400 the block be
= 75% selection selected. If
panel is you select
displayed specific
Fill Percentage Variable allowing blocks, you
(fillpc) Reblock option you to can specify
Refer to Figure 418, Table 41 choose the one or
and Table 42. blocks to more of the
Filled percentage for regular be deleted. following
block:
46
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
47
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
48
Chapter 3: Block Manipulation
49
Chapter 5: Grade Estimation
50
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
Calculate
Use this section
reserves.
to report the
reserve between
cutoffs, above
Figure 61: Reserves submenu cutoffs or in
spreadsheet
selection criteria, grade cut
6.1 Simple Reserves offs and report breakdown by
6.1.1 General a zone variable.
The General option allows you
to calculate quick and simple
reserves on the open block
Although up to 6 grade
model, using multiple block
variables may be specified,
51
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
General Reserves is really working directory. The file
only useful for reporting extension .brf (block model
tonnes and the grade of a report file) is automatically
single grade variable. You added.
have little control over the
The Spawn reserves
format of the reserves report.
calculations in window
option is only applicable if the
Save report to file option was
selected. It allows you to run
the reserves calculations in
another window thus freeing
the current window for further
Envisage work.
Figure 62: Reserves
Calculation Panel
Up to 6 grade variables may
be used in the calculation.
Select the Use zone
breakdown option to use a
zone variable, e.g. the geology
variable in the reserves
calculation.
The density can either be a
variable within a density field
in the block model or a
constant (value).
Select the Save report to file
option to save the calculated
reserves. Specify a file name.
The maximum size is 20
alphanumeric characters. The Figure 63: Reserves Cut
file will be placed in your offs panel
52
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
Select the Use cutoff grades than one triangulation loaded,
option to use cutoff grades. you'll be prompted to select
Enter the number of cuts and the required one.
the cutoff values (up to 13). By bounding box To restrict
The reserves report will only the selected blocks to those
include those cutoffs for contained within a cube. The
which values have been cube is defined in Interactive
supplied, e.g. if you specified or Coordinate mode. The
13 cuts, but supplied only required mode is selected from
values for the first 5, only the the panel that is displayed
first 5 cuts will be reported. upon completion of the
current panel.
If you select to use
Interactive mode, you'll be
prompted to create the box by
indicating the lower left corner
and then dragging the
"rubber" band rectangle to the
upper right corner.
Figure 64: Block Selection If you select to use Co
Panel ordinate mode, you enter the
minimum and maximum co
Either all blocks or specific
ordinates for the box.
blocks can be selected. If you
select specific blocks, you can By section To restrict the
specify one or more of the blocks to a defined section
following selection criteria: plane. You can then enter its
associated thickness. The
By variable To restrict
section plane can be selected
blocks by a variable, specify
by line, points, grid co
the variable and a particular
ordinates or 3 points (the
value. For example, all blocks
panel for this information is
where the Material variable
displayed as soon as the
equals Ore.
current panel has been
By bounding triangulation accepted).
To evaluate reserves within a
By condition To use a field
particular solid triangulation,
constraint, for example,
e.g. a stope. If there is more
53
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
Fe gt 10.0 average of those portions and
(iron value greater than 10.0). is the most precise method.
A list of available Hints:
operators/functions is
• The proportional cell
provided in the Online Help (in
evaluation method applies
Appendix D of the Core
only when restricting
Appendixes.
blocks using a bounding
By bounding surfaces To box, closed triangulation
restrict the blocks by a or bounding surfaces.
bounding surface. A panel in
which you specify the top and
The reserves are then
bottom surface triangulations
calculated and displayed. If
is displayed once this panel is
the Zone Breakdown option
completed.
has been selected, then both
Reverse matching To grades and zones are included
reverse the block selection, in the report.
that is, to select the blocks
that are not selected by the
other selection criteria.
Cells can be evaluated using
either full or proportional
cells.
Figure 66: Reserves Report
Use full cell evaluation (that
is select the Use Block Note:
Centres option) if you want • The total grade is a
the average grade of those cumulative sum of the
cells where the centroid falls values in the grade
within the region. variable.
6.1.2 Calculate Reserves based
Use proportional cell on POLYGONS
evaluation (that is leave the The Polygon option allows you
Use Block Centres option to calculate reserves in a
unticked) if you want to use similar manner to the General
the exact proportion of a block option, but based on a
or subblock that is polygon.
intersected by the region. This
calculates the weighted
54
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
This option is designed to take Select the Project onto plane
a polygon, which represents a option to project the bench
section of a mining block or string onto a plane. Once this
bench, and define the bench panel is completed, you will be
by specifying the height, prompted to select the bench
bearing, and dip adjustment string, and the Section Plane
and position of the polygon. panel is displayed. See the
General option for an
explanation of the fields on
this panel.
Select a bench string once the
Polygon Reserves panel is
accepted. A temporary solid
triangulation, defined by the
polygon, and a Confirm box
(refer to Figure 68) are
displayed.
Figure 67: Polygon Reserve
Panel
Enter the thickness of the
bench or block in the Height
field.
The String Position defines Figure 68: Confirm box
the position of the string Select Incorrect solid to exit
(polygon) within the bench or the option.
mining block. The position can
be top, middle or base. Select Correct solid, if you
are satisfied with the
Select the Use bearing and triangulation. The Reserve
dip adjustment option to set Calculation panel is displayed.
the orientation of the bench See the General option for an
strings (polygons) within the explanation of the fields on
bench. Enter the bearing and this panel.
the dip.
55
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
Once the Reserve Calculation titles are for the data sources,
panel has been completed, the grades and breakdowns.
Reserve Cutoff panel is
Once the report parameters
displayed. This panel is also
have been set up, use the
described in the General
Regions (Triangle or Polygon)
option.
and the Assign Data options
Upon completion of the to specify the regions in which
Reserve Cutoff panel, the to calculate the reserve report
reserves are calculated and and the block models and
displayed. An example is given variables to be used in the
at the end of the General reserves calculation.
option's description.
The titles for the report are
6.2 Block Reserves entered in the Data sources
The Block Reserves options panel.
(Block Reserves Setup, Save
Parameters and Load
Parameters) provide you with
greater flexibility to control
the formatting of the reserve
report than the General or
Polygon options.
Figure 69: Data Sources
The Block Reserves options
allow you to generate reserves For example, if you want to
for up to 5 different block report on more than one
models. model enter their names in
title #1 and title #2. A
6.2.1 Setup the specification maximum of 5 data source
titles may be entered. This
The Block Reserves Setup
means you can calculate
option allows you to create a
reserves for up to 5 block
specification file to store all
models simultaneously.
the required parameters for
the block reserves report. The Grade titles, e.g. copper,
gold etc, are entered in the
The report parameters consist
Grade Names panel. A
of the titles to appear in the
maximum of 10 grade titles
report plus cutoff values. The
may be entered.
56
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
Figure 612: Grade Cutoffs
Figure 610: Grade Names Panel
Panel
A maximum of 9 numeric
The breakdown titles are grade cutoff values may be
entered in the Breakdown specified. The values are used
Names panel. Breakdowns are by the Above Cutoff option.
used to calculate reserves
within each breakdown value. Note:
For example, you may want to • Only the first grade
break the report down by the variable is used for the
"geology". cutoffs. All others are
calculated within the cut
off grade range for the first
grade variable.
The next step is to select the
regions in which to calculate
the reserve.
Figure 611: Breakdown
6.2.2 Select the data regions
Names Panel
The Triangle Regions option
The grade cutoff titles are allows you to select the solid
entered in the Grade Cutoffs triangulations to use for the
panel. For example; 0, 0.5, 1.0 reserve calculation.
.... 10.0 Alternatively you may use
polygons (and the Polygon
57
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
Regions option) to define the
region for the reserve
calculation. The regions will
have the same name as the
triangulations from which
they were derived.
Figure 614: Solid Model List
panel with triangulations
Selected triangulations are
displayed in the list with a
green tick, deselected with a
red cross (the deselected
Figure 613: Solid Model List triangulations will be removed
Panel from the list once the OK
button is selected. Double
Select the Add button to select
click on a triangulation to
triangulation(s). The common
toggle its selection state.
open dialog is displayed. The
usual Windows selection 6.2.3 Define the data source
methods apply to this panel,
The Assign Data option allows
i.e. use [Ctrl] and the left
you to match the data source
mouse button to select
titles to the block model(s) and
multiple nonadjacent files
block model variables that are
and [Shift] and the left mouse
to be used in the reserve
button to select adjacent files.
calculation.
Once the triangulations are
highlighted use the
button to move the files to the
selection area of the panel and
then select Open. The
triangulations will be added to
Figure 615: Pick Data
the Solid Model List panel (see
Source Panel
Figure 614).
58
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
The Pick Data source panel Use full cell evaluation to
will contain all of the data reserve those blocks where the
sources that you specified in centroid falls within the
the Block Reserves Setup region.
option.
Use proportional cell
evaluation to use reserve
Select the data source you
want to assign to a block exact proportion of a block or
model. subblock that is intersected
by the region.
Note: Note:
• All data sources listed • The proportional cell
must be assigned a block evaluation method applies
model (this may be the only when restricting
same one). blocks using a bounding
box, closed triangulation
or bounding surfaces.
The Block Model
grade variables
panel is displayed.
All grade variable
Figure 616: Block Model titles that were
Panel specified in the
Block Reserves
Enter the name of the block
Setup option are
model in the Block model
listed on this panel.
name field.
The Density can be a single
value (Use supplied density
option) or a variable (Use
stored density option). Figure 617: Block Model
Cells can be evaluated using Grade Variables Panel
either full or proportional For each grade variable title,
cells. specify a grade variable. All
59
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
variable titles listed must be
assigned a grade variable. Note:
If Breakdown variables were • As the regions are not
specified in the Block saved in the spec file, each
Reserves Setup option, the time you want to generate
Breakdown variables panel is a new reserve using the
displayed. spec file, you must define
the region(s) of interest.
Figure 618: Block model
breakdown variables Panel
For each breakdown variable
title, specify a breakdown Figure 619: Save Report
variable. All variable titles Format Panel
listed must be assigned a
breakdown variable.
6.2.5 Calculate the reserves
The Pick Data Source panel is
then redisplayed if you have Select the Calculate option to
any unassigned data source generate the report. The
titles. calculations are carried out
using the specifications
Once all data sources have
detailed in the currently
been assigned to a block
loaded reserves parameter file
model and all other titles to
<project code><spec file
block model variables, the
name>.bpf.
parameters can be saved.
60
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
Select the Ignore zero
tonnages option to exclude
zero tonnages.
Select the Save report to file
option to save the report to a
Figure 620: Complete file. The maximum size of the
Report Panel report name is 20
alphanumeric characters. No
file extension is added.
Figure 621: Reserve Listing Showing a Complete Report
Select the Above cutoff option to display the report by cutoff grade.
You will be prompted with a panel similar to the Complete Report
Panel (see Figure 617). Select the options required and a report will
be displayed.
61
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
Figure 622: Reserve Listing Showing an Above Cutoff Report
The Units column in the report is the product of the Tonnage column
with the Average Grade column, that is, reports the mass of metal
contained for each breakdown field. If, for example, Tonnage was
expressed in Tonnes, and Grade was expressed in grams per Tonne,
the units in this case would be grams.
Select the Dump option to display the report without titles. This
output is suitable for importing into a spreadsheet package.
Figure 623: Unformatted Dump Panel
Select the Save report to file option to save the report to a file. The
maximum size of the report name is 20 alphanumeric characters.
62
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
Figure 624: Reserve Listing Showing a Dump Report
63
Chapter 6: Block Reserves
1. Use Open 2. Use Variables to
Parameters to specify the block
create the variables, cutoffs,
reserves density, product
parameter file. codes and
partially mined
4. Use Block
Selection to 3. Use Polygons or
apply the Triangles to define
selection the regions for the
criteria to the reserve.
block model.
5. Use
Calculate to
generate the
reserves dump
file.
64
6.3.1 Open the specification file • A Block model must be open
Advanced block reserves are before you can specify the
calculated according to the variables. If no block model
parameters set up in a reserves is open, you'll be prompted to
calculation specification file open one before the panels
(.res). A specification file must be associated with the variable
opened (Open Parameters specification are displayed.
option) before the parameters Similarly, you will be
can be specified. prompted for a calculation
reserves file if there is none
open.
Figure 625: Open Reserves
Specification File Panel
Specify the name of the Reserves
specification file. The maximum
size for new file names is 80
alphanumeric characters (the
size includes the .res file
extension, which is
automatically added to the file
name).
Figure 626: Breakdown Fields
6.3.2 Specify the Variables (from the Panel
block model on which to report)
The Classification fields allow
The Variables option allows you the specification of a breakdown
to specify the variables to be variable. In this way the reserves
used when calculating the can be broken down according to
reserves. Each variable will be fields, such as GEOLOGY or
saved to the reserves dump file ORE_TYPE. For example,
(.dmp) as a column. GEOLOGY could be a field in the
block model with the values:
TQ1, TQ2, TQ3. Each of these
Note: different codes could form the
basis for a breakdown of the by the use of the mined out
reserves, with grades reported field. If a block has been mined
for each of the three geological out, then the volume is adjusted
types. correspondingly before the
fraction field value is applied to
A breakdown variable may be of the volume (see also the
data type Name, Byte, Short or description of the Mined Out
Integer, but not of type Float or Field). Blocks with unknown
Double (see the Online Help (missing) values for the fraction
Envisage > Block > Transfer > field, will contain "unknown
Edit for an explanation on data material" in the material column
types). If the breakdown variable of the dump file.
is of data type Name it will be The remaining options on this
left justified in the dump file, panel apply to fields in the block
otherwise it is right justified. model that contain percentages
Some block models have a or fractions related to the volume
number of variables, which of each block.
define the fraction of each The options are typically used to
material type. For example, two process the results of the Mine
variables FORE and FWST might
option (Manipulation submenu)
contain the fraction (0.0 to 1.0)
or the Execute option (Transfer
of ORE and WASTE in each
submenu).
block respectively. The reserves
for material ORE are calculated In the Mined out (or fillpc) field
based on the fraction of the enter the name of the field in the
volume (for each block) specified block model that contains the
in the FORE field, and the mined out or fillpc value.
reserves for material WASTE
You can either select the
would be calculated using the
percentage for each block
fraction of the volume (for each
block) specified in the FWST (volume) available for mining or
field. The Material type by the fraction of each block
(volume) that has already been
fractions fields can therefore be
mined.
used to classify reserves
according to material type. For example, if the mined out
field for a block has a value of
Classifying reserves according to
70%, 70% of the block's volume
material type will also be affected
is used in determining reserves.
If the mined out field for a block
has a fraction value of 0.7, 0.3 of
the block's volume is used in
determining reserves.
When a block is evaluated
against a region (triangulation)
the proportion of the block
inside the region is determined.
If the block has been partially
Figure 627: A Block inside a
mined, as indicated by a mined
fraction or available percentage reserve region that has been
field, the treatment of the mined 0.3 mined (70% available).
part has two cases: RV = VR - VM
Case 1 Incremental Pits = (V × 0.5) - (V × 0.3)
= V × 0.2
If a previous pit has been used to
set a mined field, then the mined where,
part of a block can reasonably be
RV=reserve volume
assumed to lie inside the new
VR=volume in region
pit. Hence select the Mined
VM=volume mined
portions assumed inside V =Total volume
regions option. In this case the
proportion inside region volume Case 2 Underground Stope
is determined and then the with Development
mined out volume of the block Triangulations of development
subtracted. This method can be may be used to set a mined field
used to obtain accurate in a block model. In this case
incremental pit volumes without when evaluating a stope region
the need to reblock the model. the mined part of a block partly
See Figure 627 for an example. inside the region needs to be
assumed equally distributed.
Hence Do not select Mined
portions assumed inside
regions option. In this case the
reserve volume is the product of
the proportion in region volume
and the percentage not mined. Figure 629: Second
See Figure 628 for an example. Breakdown fields panel
Select the Generate product
codes option to use product
codes and apply conditions. If
unselected, no product codes
can be specified.
Each block in the model can be
classified according to product,
based on whether it satisfies the
condition for that product. Each
Figure 628: A block 50% product must have an
inside a reserve region that associated condition and the
has been 0.3 mined (70% first condition satisfied will
determine the product for each
available)
block. Blocks that don't meet the
RV = VR * F conditions for any of the
= (V × 0.5) × (1 - 0.3) products specified will contain
= V × 0.35 "unknown product" in the
product column of the dump file.
where,
For example;
RV=reserve volume
VR=volume in region
F=fraction not mined Product Condition
V =Total volume Code
Lg cu lt 0.5 and au lt
1.0
mg cu ge 0.5 and cu lt
2.0 and au ge 1.0
and au lt 3.5
hg cu ge 2.0 and au ge
3.5
The next panel (Grade Variables)
allows you to enter a density and
up to 15 grade variables for the Wt by Vol Weight by volume is
reserve calculation. used for grade variables
containing values based on
volumeweighted averages (e.g.
grams of gold per cubic metre).
Wt by Mass Weight by mass is
used for grade variables that
should be treated as a weighted
average based on mass (e.g.
grams per tonne of gold).
Grade values are sent to the
dump file according to type and
appropriate entries are placed in
the VARIABLE_TOTALS block.
Select the Use Average box to
use the average grade value of
Figure 630: Grade Variables the selected blocks in the reserve
panel calculation.
The density variable allows the Warning! Do not tick this box if
mass to be calculated from the any of the blocks do not have a
volume values. The default specific grade assigned to them
(i.e. they have a default grade
density is used in the tonnage
instead) as the resulting reserves
calculation for those blocks
will be incorrect.
where the density field value is 0
(zero) or negative. Supply a Default for Missing
Up to 15 grade variables can be value to replace the default
specified for the calculation of creation value of the selected
reserves. Each variable can be blocks during the reserve
calculation.
specified as wt by mass, wt by
vol or sum. If no default is specified and the
Use Average box is unselected,
Sum Sum is used for variables
the total volume and tonnage
containing units (e.g. grams of
values for that grade variable
gold) that should be cumulated
may be different to the values for
rather than averaged.
the breakdown. In that case the
total tonnage and total volume The Below cutoff value is used
for the grade variable are also in the "below cutoffs" column in
reported and the grade value is the dump file if the value of the
based only on the blocks with grade cutoff variable is less
known values. than the first (lowest) cutoff
value.
Specify the number of decimal
places to be included in the The Unknown cutoff value is
report. used in the dump file for missing
values in the grade cutoff
The final panel in the Variables
variable if no default grade value
series is the Grade Cutoffs
has been specified. However, if
panel.
the average grade is to be
applied for the grade cutoff
variable, then the average grade
is calculated based on the
matching breakdowns (i.e.
across the cutoff values) and
the values are incorporated into
the breakdown with the
appropriate cutoff value.
Grade cutoff values may be
Figure 631: Grade Cutoffs specified as a range (first and
Panel last values), increment or
explicitly by value.
Grade cutoff values may be
specified by:
6.3.3 Define Regions
• Range and increment.
• Specific values.
6.3.3.1 Select Polygons as Regions
The Polygons option allows you
Select the Use grade cutoffs
to specify polygons, which are
option to use a grade cutoff
converted to triangulations, to be
variable to breakdown the
used in the reserve calculation.
reserves. Specify the cutoff
Specify the height of the bench
variable. New breakdowns are
and the location of the polygon
defined based on the specified
within the bench (i.e. top, middle
grade cutoff values (see below).
or bottom) and the orientation of
the polygon within the bench, or conversion method. This option
project the polygon (forwards allows you to project the
and/or backwards) to create the polygons onto a plane, which is
triangulation. defined after this panel is
completed.
Note:
Select the By projection option
• The polygon must be to convert the polygon to a
displayed on the screen. triangulation using projection.
Specify a back and forward
projection distance.
Select the Confirm each
polygon option to view each
triangulation before it is saved
and added to the regions list.
This is particularly useful when
multiple polygons are being
Figure 632: Define Regions by converted into triangulations.
Polygon Panel Region triangulation files are
named according to the polygon
Select the Bench height option
object name and the number of
to convert the polygon to a
regions that have been selected
triangulation using bench
for determining reserves. Select
height. Specify the height of the
the Allow duplicate object
bench and the location of the
names option if you don't want
polygon relative to the bench
duplicate object names to be
(top, middle or base). The Use
detected. If unselected, you'll be
directional adjustment on
prompted to rename any region
sides option is only applicable to found to have the same polygon
the bench height conversion object name as another region.
method. It allows you to apply a
Region triangulations created
directional adjustment, in the
using this option are
form of a bearing and gradient,
automatically included in the list
to the sides of the bench (used
of selected regions in the
for benches with nonvertical
Triangles option.
sides). The Project polygons
onto plane option is also only Note:
applicable to the bench height
• If you are converting by the correct region.
bench height and projecting
the polygons onto a plane,
the Section Plane panel will
be displayed before the
Multiple Selection box (which
is used to select the method Figure 634: Confirm box
of selecting the polygons).
Select Correct region to accept
Refer to Reserves > General
the triangulation. If you were
for information on this panel.
selecting by object, you will be
prompted to select another
object. Right click to return to
the Multiple Selection box. If you
were selecting by group, feature
or layer, then you are returned to
the Multiple Selection box when
you accept the region. Right click
to cancel when you have finished
creating regions. Incorrect
region returns you to the “Select
object” prompt. That is, you’ve
selected your method of selecting
the strings and now you need to
Figure 633: Multiple Selection select the strings.
Box
Use the Save Parameters option
Select the method for selecting to save the regions.
the polygons and select the Note:
polygons. If selecting by group, • If you selected not to have
feature or layer, you'll be
duplicate names (see Allow
prompted to confirm that the
duplicate object names
correct objects have been
option), you'll be prompted to
selected. No prompt appears if
rename any duplicates found.
selecting by object.
The polygon is then converted to
a triangulated region. You will be
asked if the conversion created
Figure 635: Rename Region
Panel
Enter the name of the region.
The maximum size is 10
alphanumeric characters Figure 637: Set Group Name
Panel
6.3.3.2 Select triangulations as
regions Enter the group code for the
selected triangulation.
The Triangles option allows you
to select the triangulations Note:
(solids) to use as regions in the • To edit the group code of
reserve calculation. existing regions, you will
need to deselect them first
and then reselect them.
Select the Select triangulation
by name option to access the
standard open dialog. From this
dialog, highlight the
Figure 636:Select triangulations – the standard
Triangulations Panel windows selection methods apply
(i.e. [Ctrl] + Left mouse button to
Select the Select triangulations select nonadjacent files and
by picking off screen option to [Shift] + Right mouse button to
pick the triangulations off the select adjacent files.) Once
screen. Triangulations that are
highlighted, use the
already regions are automatically
button to move the files into the
selected. To remove these
selection section of the panel.
regions, simply left click on the
Select Open.
triangulation. To select a
triangulation, left click on the
triangulation (you will need to The Reserve Region Report panel
confirm the selection). To assign is displayed.
or alter the group code, left click
again on the selected
triangulation. The Set Group
Name panel is then displayed.
Figure 638: Reserve Region
Figure 639: Block Selection
Report Panel
Panel
This panel lists the names of the
Either all blocks or specific
selected triangulations. To
blocks can be selected. If you
specify the group, highlight the
select specific blocks, you can
name(s) in the list, enter the
specify one or more of the
group name in the Edit Group
following selection criteria:
field and select Set Group.
By variable To restrict blocks
by a variable, specify the
Select the Deselect all
variable and a particular value.
triangulations option to remove
For example, all blocks where
all triangulation regions from the
the Material variable equals Ore.
parameters.
By bounding triangulation To
Use the Save Parameters option evaluate reserves within a
to save the triangulations. particular solid triangulation,
e.g. a stope. If there is more than
6.3.4 Specify Block Selection one triangulation loaded, you'll
Conditions be prompted to select the
The Block Selection option required one.
allows you to specify block Note:
selection criteria for the reserve • If regions are being used, the
calculation. block selection triangulation
will be ignored. Therefore we
recommend that a
triangulation only be used in
block selection when not
including regions.
Online Help (in Appendix D of
By bounding box To restrict the Core Appendices).
the selected blocks to those By bounding surfaces To
contained within a cube. The restrict the blocks by a bounding
cube is defined in Interactive or surface. A panel in which you
Coordinate mode. The required specify the top and bottom
mode is selected from the panel surface triangulations is
displayed upon completion of the displayed once this panel is
current panel. completed.
If you select to use Interactive Reverse matching To reverse
mode, you'll be prompted to the block selection, that is, to
create the box by indicating the select the blocks that are not
lower left corner and then selected by the other selection
dragging the "rubber" band criteria.
rectangle to the upper right Cells can be evaluated using
corner. either full or proportional cells.
If you select to use Coordinate
Use full cell evaluation (that is
mode, enter the minimum and
select the Use Block Centres
maximum coordinates for the
option) if you want the average
box.
grade of those cells where the
By section To restrict the centroid falls within the region.
blocks to a defined section plane.
Use proportional cell
You can then enter its associated
evaluation (that is leave the Use
thickness. The section plane can
Block Centres option unticked)
be selected by line, points, grid
coordinates or 3 points (the if you want to use the exact
panel for this information is proportion of a block or sub
displayed as soon as the current block that is intersected by the
panel has been accepted). region. This calculates the
weighted average of those
By condition To use a field
portions and is the most precise
constraint, for example, method.
Fe gt 10.0
Hints:
(iron value greater than 10.0). A
• The proportional cell
list of available operators/
evaluation method applies
functions is provided in the
only when restricting blocks
using a bounding box, closed
triangulation or bounding from the block creation default
surfaces. value, will be included when
6.3.5 Save the Parameters calculating the grade value. All
The Save Parameters option blocks that satisfy the selection
allows you to save the open criteria are used for the tonnage
reserves specification file. This calculation regardless of their
must be done before the default grade value.
Calculate option is used as the
reserves calculations are based
on the contents of the reserves Note:
specification file. • As the block creation default
values are ignored when
calculating reserve grades,
blocks with these values are
Figure 640: Save Reserves effectively treated as if they
Specification File Panel had the average grade of the
blocks selected for that
Enter the name of the
reserve breakdown zone.
specification file (the open
• If there are many regions
specification file name is
being used or the block
displayed as the default). The
model is large, then the
maximum size is 80
calculation may take a while.
alphanumeric characters
It is recommended that you
(including the .res extension).
perform the calculation in
another window so that
6.3.6 Calculate the Reserves
further work in Envisage can
proceed. However, the block
The Calculate option allows you model cannot be accessed
to calculate the block reserves until the reserves calculation
for the open specification file. is complete.
The results are stored in a dump • Choose spawn reserves
file (.dmp). calculation in window to
make the calculation run in a
When calculating reserves, the
separate window.
block creation default value will
be ignored when calculating the
grade value. The estimation
default value, if it is different
6.3.7.1 Open report specification file
The Open Report option allows
you to open a report
Figure 641: Calculate specification file (<name>.tab).
Reserves Panel
Note:
Enter the name of the dump file.
• The block model does not
The default is the name of the
need to be open to perform
open parameter file. The
any report setup functions.
maximum size is 40 alpha
numeric characters (this
includes the .dmp file extension).
Select the Spawn reserves
calculations in window option
to run the calculation process in Figure 642: Open Report
another window, thus freeing the Specification File Panel
current window for further
Enter the name of the
Envisage work.
specification file. The maximum
6.3.7 Reporting the Reserves
size is 80 alphanumeric
characters. The size includes the
• Use the Open Report option .tab file extension.
to create the reserves report
parameter file.
• Use the Global option to
store global settings, such as Hint:
report titles and layout. • It is highly recommended
• Use the Column option to that you are consistent with
set up column formats and your filenames. It is best to
user defined variables. give the same unique name
• Use the Tables option to set to all four files, that is, the
up table formats and choose .res file, the .dmp file, the
which columns to report in .tab file and finally the .rep
the table(s). file are all given the same file
• Use the View Report option name. You will then be able
to report the reserves and to distinguish between them
select the tables to use. by their different file
extensions.
Select the Read columns from
.dmp file option to create the
report based on the column
information that exists in the
header of the dump file (.dmp).
Specify the name of the dump
file.
If reading columns from a dump
file, the column name, width,
type and totals calculation
classification for each dump file
column/variable are read in
from the dump file header and
each column is added to the end
of the columns list. Columns
present in the columns list with
the same name as dump file
Figure 643: Global Report
columns are not replaced.
Parameters Panel
6.3.7.2 Define General Report Enter the maximum number of
Details
Lines per page. The default is
The Global option allows you to 60 (standard for an A4 portrait
set the general parameters that page). A page break is
apply to all tables in a report. automatically inserted when the
You may: maximum is reached.
Enter the margins. The left
• Enter page length
margin is the number of spaces
• Enter margin widths
before the text starts (the default
• Enter page header
is 10). The top margin is the
• Enter page footer
number of lines before the text
starts (the default is 4). This
number is in addition to the
maximum number of lines per
page.
Tick the Use box to separate number of report lines specified
rows and optionally columns. earlier.
Enter the separating character in
Note:
the Row and Column fields.
• The same variables as
Tick the Use Tab box to use tabs mentioned above may be
instead of a character to included in the page footer.
separate the columns.
Derived on Yes
The
output
Expression/Conditio
Expression 1 1.0/column2 n options are only
condition 1: applicable for derived
column2 gt columns. An
0.0 expression will only be
Expression 2 0.0 used (in the
type sum calculation of the
column) if a condition
is associated with the
And the table is ordered and
expression and that
reported by column 1:
condition is met. The
first condition to be
Table
met determines the
Order_by Column 1
expression to use and
Report_by Column 1
an expression without
a condition will always
Results in the following being evaluate to TRUE.
reported:
Note:
• Any column name can be 6.3.7.5 Save the specification file
used in the row selection The Save Report option allows
conditions, but row selection you to save the open report
is performed before the specifications file. This must be
sorting and subtotalling of done before the View Report
columns, so columns based option is used as the report
on column internal functions
creation is based on the contents save the report and view it in
of the report specification file. a text editor.
Figure 646: Save report
Specification File Panel
Figure 647: Create report
Enter the name of the report Panel
specification file. The default
name is the name of the open Enter the name of the dump file
report specification file containing the required
(<name>.tab). This can be calculation results.
overwritten with a new name if Enter the name of the resulting
you don't want the "old" file to be report file. The default is
affected. The maximum size is report.rep. The maximum size is
80 alphanumeric characters. The 40 alphanumeric characters
size includes the .tab file (this includes the .rep file
extension. extension).
Either all tables or selected
6.3.7.6 Reporting the reserves
tables can be included in the
The View Report option allows report. If you select All tables,
you to generate a report using the tables appear in the report in
the open report specification file. the same order as they do in the
table list. If you select Select
The resulting report is stored in
a report file (.rep). tables, the tables appear in the
order that they are selected. Use
The results may be posted to the the dropdown lists to select the
screen if required. particular tables.
Note: Select the Post report in
• The report is automatically graphics option to display the
sent to the Report Window, report in the Primary window.
but will be limited to the Once this panel is completed,
width of that window so you will be prompted to specify a
some columns may not be layer for the report (if no layer is
displayed. If this is the case, currently open) and the name of
the report to be loaded into that
layer. A colour for the report text
is also specified. You are then
prompted to indicate the text
origin, i.e. the left hand corner
where the report text will start,
and the text extent.
The report is displayed in the
Report Window or, if posting in
graphics, displayed as a layer. In
the latter case you can use the
Text Edit options under Design
for any text editing functions.
Workshop - Block
Reserves
The aim of this workshop is to
use both of the block reserves
submenus to gain an
understanding as to what each
offers.
Try producing a few simple
reports first and then progress to
more complex reports.