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Global Employment Trendsfor WomenMarch 2009
 
Copyright © International Labour Organization 2009Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the UniversalCopyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced withoutauthorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation,application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office,CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: pubdroit@ilo.org. The International Labour Officewelcomes such applications.Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may makecopies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find thereproduction rights organization in your country.Global Employment Trends for Women
 International Labour Office - Geneva: ILO, 2009First published 2009
ISBN 978-92-2-122122-7 (print)ISBN 978-92-2-122123-4 (web pdf)ILO Cataloguing in Publication DataGlobal employment trends for women: March 2009 / International Labour Office. - Geneva: ILO, 200978 p.ISBN: 9789221220466;9789221220473 (web pdf)International Labour Officeeconomic recession / woman worker / employment / unemployment / labour force participation / working poor / trend / forecast / developed countries / developing countries03.04.3The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice,and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on thepart of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solelywith their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International LabourOffice of the opinions expressed in them.Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsementby the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product orprocess is not a sign of disapproval.ILO publications and electronic products can be obtained through major booksellers or ILO localoffices in many countries, or direct from ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211Geneva 22, Switzerland. Catalogues or lists of new publications are available free of charge from theabove address, or by email: pubvente@ilo.orgVisit our website: www.ilo.org/publnsPrinted by the International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland
 
 
Global Employment Trends for Women 
, March 2009
3
Contents
 Acknowledgements.............................................................................................................................51. Introduction............................................................................................................................62. Economic growth, the labour market and gender inequality.................................................8Gender inequality in sectoral employment and vulnerable employment.............................10Gender inequality in African agriculture..............................................................................14Gender inequality in wages..................................................................................................17Gender inequality in poverty................................................................................................193. Gender impact of the economic crisis in developed economies .........................................204. Labour market outlook for 2008 and 2009: scenarios ..........................................................26Scenarios for 2009: unemployment.......................................................................................26Scenarios for 2008 and 2009: vulnerable employment..........................................................295. Conclusions..........................................................................................................................32Policy orientations................................................................................................................32
Annexes
 Annex 1. Tables
......................................................................................................................................................35 Table A1. Economic growth, world and regions..............................................................................35 Table A2. Unemployment rate, world and regions (%)...................................................................36 Table A3. Unemployment in the world (million)..............................................................................37 Table A4. Labour force participation rate in the world (%)............................................................37 Table A5. Adult employment-to-population ratio, world and regions (%)..................................38 Table A6a. Sectoral share in employment, world and regions, both sexes (%)............................39 Table A6b. Sectoral share in employment, world and regions, females (%)............................... 40 Table A6c. Sectoral share in employment, world and regions, males (%)....................................41 Table A7. Vulnerable employment shares, world and regions (%)................................................42 Table A8. Working poor indicators, world and regions...................................................................43 Table A9. Netherlands, seasonally adjusted unemployment, by sex, July 2007-December 2008.......................................................................................................................................44 Table A10. Poland, seasonally adjusted unemployment, by sex, July 2007-December 2008.....45 Table A11. Canada, seasonally adjusted unemployment, by sex, July 2007-December 2008....46 Table A12. Australia, seasonally adjusted unemployment, by sex, July 2007-December 2008.......................................................................................................................................47 Table A13. United States, seasonally adjusted unemployment, by sex, July 2007-December 2008.......................................................................................................................................48 Table A14. France, seasonally adjusted unemployment, by sex, July 2007-December 2008.....49 Table A15. Female employment shares by sector, selected economies, 1995, 2000 and 2005..50 Table A16. United States, employment by sector, by sex................................................................51
 Annex 2. Scenarios
.................................................................................................................................................52 Table S1. 2009 Unemployment scenarios (rates)..............................................................................52 Table S2. 2009 Unemployment scenarios (numbers of people).....................................................53 Table S3. 2009 Female unemployment scenarios (rates).................................................................54 Table S4. 2009 Female unemployment scenarios (numbers of people.........................................55 Table S5. 2009 Male unemployment scenarios (rates)......................................................................56 Table S6. 2009 Male unemployment scenarios (numbers of people)............................................57 Table S7. 2008-2009 Vulnerable employment scenarios (rates).....................................................58 Table S8. 2008-2009 Vulnerable employment scenarios (numbers of people)............................59 Table S9. 2008-2009 Female vulnerable employment scenarios (rates)........................................60 Table S10. 2008-2009 Female vulnerable employment scenarios (numbers of people).............61 Table S11. 2008-2009 Male vulnerable employment scenarios (rates)..........................................62 Table S12. 2008-2009 Male vulnerable employment scenarios (numbers of people).................63
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