• Embed Doc
  • Copy Link
  • Readcast
  • Collections
  • CommentGo Back
Download
 
Foreword
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
viiPreface
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
ixSummary for Policymakers
............................................................................................................................................................
1Technical Summary
.......................................................................................................................................................................
17
1. Ozone and Climate: A Review of Interconnections ..............................................................................................................832. Chemical and Radiative Effects of Halocarbons and Their Replacement Compounds .....................................................1333. Methodologies ....................................................................................................................................................................1814. Refrigeration .......................................................................................................................................................................2255. Residential and Commercial Air Conditioning and Heating ..............................................................................................2696. Mobile Air Conditioning.....................................................................................................................................................2957. Foams ..................................................................................................................................................................................3158. Medical Aerosols ................................................................................................................................................................3499. Fire Protection ....................................................................................................................................................................36110. Non-Medical Aerosols, Solvents, and HFC-23 ..................................................................................................................37911. HFCs and PFCs: Current and Future Supply, Demand and Emissions, plus Emissions of CFCs, HCFCs and Halons ....403
Annexes
I Authors and Reviewers .......................................................................................................................................................437II Glossary ..............................................................................................................................................................................449III Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................................461IV Units ...................................................................................................................................................................................465V Major Chemical Formulae and Nomenclature ...................................................................................................................467VI List of Major IPCC Reports ...............................................................................................................................................477
Contents
 
Foreword
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was jointly established by the World Meteorological Organization(WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) in 1988 to assess available information on thescience, the impacts, and the economics of, and the optionsfor mitigating and/or adapting to, climate change. In addition,the IPCC provides, on request, scientific, technical, and socio-economic advice to the Conference of the Parties (COP) to theUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC). The IPCC has produced a series of AssessmentReports, Special Reports, Technical Papers, methodologies, andother products that have become standard works of referenceand that are widely used by policymakers, scientists, and other experts.The
Special Report on Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and theGlobal Climate System
was developed in response to invitationsby the United Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange (UNFCCC)
1
and the Montreal Protocol on Substancesthat Deplete the Ozone Layer 
2
. IPCC and the Montreal Protocol’sTechnology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) wereasked to work together to develop a balanced scientific, technicaland policy-relevant Special Report. The request covered botha scientific assessment of the interrelations between the ozonelayer and climate change and development of user-friendly andpolicy-neutral information to assist all Parties and stakeholdersin making informed decisions when evaluating alternatives toozone-depleting substances.Discussions on these topics have a long history, includingdeliberations at the Fourth Conference of the Parties to theUNFCCC (held in 1998 in Buenos Aires) which invited Partiesand all other relevant entities to provide information to theUNFCCC Secretariat on available and potential ways andmeans of limiting emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) andperfluorocarbons (PFCs) when used as replacements for ozonedepleting substances. In 1999, an IPCC/TEAP Expert Meetingwas organized
3
, which addressed the issue and forms importantbackground for the present effort, along with new informationon science, technology, and policy needs.After the decision of the Eighth Conference of the Parties tothe UNFCCC
1
, the Fourteenth Meeting of the Parties to theMontreal Protocol (Rome, Italy, 25-29 November 2002),welcomed this decision, and requested the TEAP to workwith the IPCC in preparing the Special Report, and requestedsimultaneous submission of the report to the Open EndedWorking Group under The Montreal Protocol and the UNFCCCSBSTA. The scope, structure, and outline of the Special Reportwere approved by the IPCC in plenary meetings during itsTwentieth Session in Paris, France, from 19-21 February 2003.As is usual in the IPCC, success in producing this report hasdepended first and foremost on the enthusiasm and cooperationof experts worldwide in many related but different disciplines.We would like to express our gratitude to all the CoordinatingLead Authors, Lead Authors, Contributing Authors, ReviewEditors, and Expert Reviewers. These individuals have devotedenormous time and effort to produce this report and we areextremely grateful for their commitment to the IPCC process.We would also like to express our sincere thanks to the SteeringCommittee for this Report, which consisted of co-chairs fromboth the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP)and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC):Stephen Andersen, Lambert Kuijpers, and José Ponsfor the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel(TEAP), andSusan Solomon, Ogunlade Davidson and Bert Metz (chair of the Steering Committee)for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC).
1
Decision 12/CP.8, FCCC/CP/2002/7/Add.1, page 30. Eight Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, New Delhi, India, 23 October – 1 November 2002
2
Decision XIV/10 UNEP/OzL.Pro.14/9, page 42. Fourteenth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, Rome, Italy, 25-29 November 2002
3
Proceedings of the Joint IPCC/TEAP Expert Meeting on options for the limitation of emissions of HFCs and PFCs, Petten, The Netherlands, 26-28 May 1999,see http://www.ipcc-wg3.org/docs/IPCC-TEAP99/index.html
of 00

Leave a Comment

You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...
You must be to leave a comment.
Submit
Characters: ...