Department of Chemistry
Stage 2 Chemistry Social Relevance Projects.
Analytical Standards
Introduction
Standards are materials containing a known concentration of an analyte. They provide areference to determine unknown concentrations or to calibrate analytical instruments.Theaccuracy of an analytical measurement is how close a result comes to the true value.
Determining the accuracy of a measurement usually requires calibration of the analytical methodwith a known standard. This is often done with standards of several concentrations to make acalibration or working curve.
Primary Standards
A primary standard is a reagent that is extremely pure, stable, has no waters of hydration, and hasa high molecular weight.
Some primary standards for titration of acids:
•
sodium carbonate: Na
2
CO
3
, mol wt. = 105.99 g/mol
•
tris
-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS or THAM): (CH
2
OH)
3
CNH
2
, mol wt. =121.14 g/mol
Some primary standards for titration of bases:
•
potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP): KHC
8
H
4
O
4
, mol wt. = 204.23 g/mol
•
potassium hydrogen iodate: KH(IO
3
)
2
, mol wt. = 389.92 g/mol
Some primary standards for redox titrations:
•
potassium dichromate: K
2
Cr
2
O
7
, mol wt. = 294.19 g/mol
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Primary and Secondary Standards
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