Chuyn Cng ngh x l kh SO2

Chuyn : Cng ngh x l kh SO2 ThS. inh Hi H

MC LC
Trang 1.1 Hp th kh SO2 bng nc 1.2 X l SO2 bng vi (CaCO3) hoc vi nung (CaO) 1.3 X l SO2 bng amoniac 1.3.1 H thng x l SO2 bng amoniac theo chu trnh 1.3.2 X l SO2 bng amoniac c chng p 1.3.3 X l SO2 bng amoniac v vi 1.4 X l SO2 bng cc cht hp th hu c 1.5 X l SO2 bng cc cht hp ph th rn 1.5.1 Hp ph kh SO2 bng than hot tnh 1.5.2 X l kh SO2 bng than hot tnh c ti ncqu trnh LURGI 1.5.3 X l SO2 bng nhm oxit kim ha 1.5.4 X l SO2 bng vi v dolomit trn vo than nghin 1.6 So snh kinh t k thut ca mt s phng php x l SO2 PH LC Lc khng kh bng lc sinh hc TI LIU THAM KHO 1 3 5 5 7 8 9 11 11 12 14 14 16 17

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Chuyn : Cng ngh x l kh SO2 ThS. inh Hi H

C G GH X L KH SO2
SO2 l loi cht nhim bin nht trong sn xut cng nghip cng nh trong sinh hot ca con ngi. Ngun pht thi SO2 ch yu l t cc trung tm nhit in, cc loi l nung, l hi khi t nhin liu than, du kh t c cha S hay cc hp cht cha S.Ngoi ra mt s cng on sn xut trong cng nghip ho cht, luyn kim cng thi vo kh quyn lng kh SO2 ng k . Trn th gii hng nm tiu th gn 2 t tn than cc loi v gn 1 t tn du m. Khi thnh phn S trong nhin liu trung bnh chim 1% th lng kh SO2 thi vo kh quyn l 60 triu tn/nm. Vn nhim kh quyn bi kh SO2 t lu tr thnh mi him ho ca nhiu nc. Cng ngh x l SO2 trong cng nghip uc pht tin t rt lu. Ngoi tc dng lm sch kh quyn, bo v mi trng, cn c ngha kinh t l thu hi SO2 l ngun cung cp nhin liu cho sn xut H2SO4 v lu hunh nguyn cht. 1.1 Hp th kh SO2 bng nc Qu trnh x l SO2 bng nc din ra theo phn ng sau: SO2 + H2O H+ + HSO3-

S h thng hp th kh SO2 bao gm 2 giai on sau: Hp th kh SO2 bng cch phun nc vo dng kh hoc cho kh SO2 i qua lp vt liu m c ti nc. Gii thot kh SO2 ra khi cht hp th thu hi SO2 v nc sch. Mc ha tan ca kh SO2 trong nc gim khi nhit nc tng cao v ngc li gii thot kh SO2 ra khi nc th nhit ca nc phi cao. 1000C th SO2 bc ra han ton v trong kh thot ra c ln hi nc. Bng phng php ngng t ngi ta thu hi c kh SO2 vi m c gn 100% sn xut acid sunfuric. gii hp th cn phi un nng mt lng nc rt ln, l mt kh khn. Ngoi ra, s dng li nc cho qu trnh hp th phi lm ngui nc xung gn 10oC, tc phi cn n ngun cp lnh. cng l vn khng n gin v tn km. V vy, phng php ny ch nn p dng khi: -Nng SO2 trong kh thi tng i cao - C sn ngun cp nhit (hi nc) vi gi r - C sn ngun nc lnh

Chuyn : Cng ngh x l kh SO2 ThS. inh Hi H

Trong trng hp kh thi giu SO2 nh trong cng on nu qung sunfua kim loi ca cng nghip luyn kim mu, nng SO2 trong kh thi c th t 2-12%, ngi ta c th x l kh SO2 bng nc kt hp vi nc to thnh acid sunfuric. Qu trnh cng c thc hin thnh 2 giai on: giai on th nht kh SO2 kt hp vi oxy nh s c mt ca cht xc tc Vanadi bin thnh anhirit sunfuric v giai on th hai l dng nc ti trong lp vt liu m anhirit sunfuric kt hp vi nc to thnh acid H2 SO4 .
2O5 SO2 + OV 2 SO3 SO3 + H2O

H2SO4

Trong giai on th nht, phn ng oxy ho kh SO2 c to nhit v phn ng xy ra cng mnh nhit cng thp, do cn thc hin qu trnh ny qua nhiu tng xc tc, sau mi tng u c lm ngui.
Kh sach thoat ra 1 2 4 3 SO2

6 Kh vao

Hi nc Xa

Chat tai lanh

6 5

1- Thap hap thu 2- Thap giai thoat kh SO2 3- Thiet b ngng tu 4,5- Thiet b trao oi nhiet 6-Bm Hnh 1 S hp th kh SO2 bng nc 1.2 X l SO2 bng vi (CaCO3) hoc vi nung (CaO) X l SO2 bng vi l phng php c p dng rt rng ri trong cng nghip v hiu qu x l rt cao, nguyn liu r tin v c sn mi ni.

Chuyn : Cng ngh x l kh SO2 ThS. inh Hi H

Cc phn ng: CaCO3 + SO2 = CaSO3 + CO2 CaO + SO2 = CaSO3 2CaSO3 + O2 = 2CaSO4 Khi thi sau khi c lc sch tro bi i vo scrub 1, trong xy ra qu trnh hp th kh SO2 bng dung dch sa vi ti trn lp m bng vt liu rng. Nc cha acid chy ra t scrub c cha nhiu sunfit v canxisunfat di dng tinh th CaSO3.0,5H2O, CaSO4.2H2O v mt t tro bi cn st li sau b lc tro bi, do cn tch cc tinh th ni trn bng b phn tch tinh th 2. Thit b 2 l mt bnh rng cho php dung dch lu li mt thi gian hnh thnh cc tinh th sunfit v sunfat canxi. Sau b phn tch tinh th 2, dung dch mt phn i vo ti cho scurb, phn cn li i qua bnh lc chn khng 3, cc tinh th c gi li di dng cn bn v c thi ra ngoi. vi c p vn v nghin thnh bt ri cho vo thng 6 pha trn vi dung dch long chy ra t b lc chn khng s 3 cng vi lng nc b sung hnh thnh dung dch sa vi mi. Cn bn t h thng x l thi ra c th s dng lm cht kt dnh trong xy dng khi chuyn sunfit thnh sunfat trong l nung.
Kh sach thoat ra

1 2 3 Nc 4

Kh vao 5

Voi

1- Thap hap thu 2- Bo phan tach tinh the 3- Bo loc chan khong 4,5- May bm 6- Thung tron sa voi Hnh 2 S h thng x l SO2 bng CaCO3 , CaO.

Chuyn : Cng ngh x l kh SO2 ThS. inh Hi H

lc cho ngun kh ph thuc vo Nm v rng ca lp nguyn liu lc. Nm tng, rng lp nguyn liu gim l nguyn nhn gy tng tr lc cho ngun kh. i vi cc h thng in hnh mc gim p nm trong khong 1 -10 hPa. Bo tr Khi bt u a vo hot ng, h thng cn c chm nom mt ln/tun. Sau khi h thng hot ng n nh v gii quyt tt c cc vn c th xy ra. Tn s thm nom c th gim xung 1 ln/na thng hoc hng thng. u v khuyt im ca h thng lc sinh hc u im

u im chnh l gi thnh thp, gi vn hnh thp, t s dng ha cht. Thit k linh ng, do c th thch nghi vi mi loi hnh cng nghip v din tch ca x nghip. H thng lc sinh hc linh ng trong vic x l mi hi, cc hp cht hu c bay hi v cc cht c. Hiu sut x l thng ln hn 90% i vi cc kh thi c nng cc cht nhim < 1000 ppm. N hiu loi nguyn liu lc, vi sinh vt v iu kin vn hnh khc nhau c th p dng p ng nhu cu x l.

Khuyt im

H thng lc sinh hc khng th x l c cc cht nhim c kh nng hp ph thp v tc phn hy sinh hc chm v d nh cc hp cht hu c bay hi c cha chlor. Cc ngun nhim c nng ha cht cao cn cc h thng ln v din tch ln lp t h thng lc sinh hc. N gun gy nhim c mc phng thch cht nhim bin ng cao s gy nh hng n h vi sinh vt cng nh hiu sut x l ca chng. Thi gian cho cc vi sinh vt thch nghi vi mi trng v to thnh cc mng sinh hc (biofilm) c th ko di hng tun n hng thng, c bit l i vi vic x l cc cht hu c bay hi. Thng mi ha

c hn 50 h thng lc sinh hc s dng phn compost lm nguyn liu lc c lp t theo kiu thng mi Chu u v M trong vng 15 nm qua. Vic s dng h thng lc sinh hc x l cc cht hu c bay hi c p dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip sau:

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Chuyn : Cng ngh x l kh SO2 ThS. inh Hi H

Cng ngh ha cht v ha du Cng ngh du kh Cng ngh nha tng hp Cng ngh sn xut sn v mc in Cng ngh dc phNm X l cht v nc thi X l t v nc ngm Vic s dng h thng lc sinh hc x l mi, cho ti nay p dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip sau: X l nc cng rnh X l cht v nc thi l m Cc cng ngh ti ch Cc nh my sn xut gelatin v keo dn Cng ngh ch bin tht v nng sn Cng ngh sn xut thuc l, ca cao, ng Cng ngh sn xut gia v, mi nhn to.

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Chuyn : Cng ngh x l kh SO2 ThS. inh Hi H

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.inh Xun Thng, N him Khng Kh, N h xut bn i Hc Quc Gia TP HCM, 2003. 2. inh Xun Thng v cng s, K Thut Mi Trng i Cng, N h xut bn Gio Dc, 2000. 3. Hendrik Harssema, N guyn nh Tun, Phm Th Anh, Gim st v m hnh ha cht lng khng kh, Centerma center. 4. Trn N gc Chn, N him Khng Kh V X L Kh Thi, N h xut bn Khoa Hc V K Thut,2004. 5. Bi vit ca tc gi L Hong Vit v L Hoa. 6. Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental chemistry, Lewis publishers.

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