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http://www.inauka.ru/catalogue/article32127/print.html
SCALPEL AGAINST THE DIABETES
The unique surgical method of treating the heavy ailment is created inRussia Diabetes - a treacherous disease. It is caused not so much by deficiencyin the organism of insulin, but appearing as a result of this unbalancebetween insulin and one additional hormone - glucagon. Both hormonesare manufactured by the pancreas, both straight from there enter theliver, where they actively participate in the metabolism . Only the actionof them is directly opposite: insulin is responsible for the assimilation of incoming glucose into the body, , and Glucagon - the fact that at the righttime to extract it from the "store" and send to those cells , which most of all need nourishment (it has the name which says : glucagon - “glucosecarrier ”).In a healthy person, this "sweet couple" works well, providing an internalequilibrium. Patients with diabetes mellitus own little or no insulin at all.But glucagon is manufactured even more than usual. And the failurebegins in the work of system : “excess” sugar ( glucose ) is constantlyejected in the blood flow . In the course of time , all this produceschanges in organs and tissues of patients and severe complications:blindness, the ischemic disease of heart, the kidney deficiency…If we balance a quantity of insulin and glucagons , the state of patientwill be improved considerably . But to make this possible , if we lead theflow of glucagon from the liver into the common blood stream - there,where the conditions for “sugar production ” are not so favorable At thebeginning of XX century, physicians have noticed that , if people withdiabetes develop cirrhosis of the liver, the period of diabetes is markedlyeasier. But cirrhosis exactly also disrupts blood flow. Later AmericanThomas Starlz and Soviet hepatologist Edward Galperin in experiments onanimals have confirmed these observations. Professor Galperin created indogs the experimental model of diabetes mellitus, and then operatedthem - the “switching” of blood flow.As a result , animals got better. At the All-Russian Congress of Surgeons ,Dr. Edward Galperin proposed to treat diabetes mellitus this way inhumans. Most colleagues reacted to this suggestion with the distrust . Butdoctors from Kemerovo estimated it on the merit , since already theythemselves performed operations taking into account the influence of theliver on the metabolic processes in the organism .In March 1985, in the Kemerovo Oblast Hospital , Professor TheodoreShraer operated on five patients who failed to adjust blood sugar levelsthrough medication. After six months, the surgeons were convinced of thefact that the complete recovery of diabetes did not begin not in one of that operated patient , but in 4 of 5 were presently a noticeableimprovement in the state: a number of symptoms disappeared, the need
 
for insulin decreased , fitness for work increased.Endocrinologists were skeptical about the intrusion of associates withthe scalpel into their field . They insisted that they needed to see long-term results of operations. After operating more than two hundredpatients, surgeons stopped in order to conduct prolonged observations.Three years after operation the improvement was noted in 88% of patients: the level of sugar in the blood was stabilized , some of themrecovered from the retinopathy and kidney failure, muscle weaknessdisappeared, recovered sexual potency . However , in the next two years, patients with satisfactory results became less - for a part of them ,after the lapse of time, the effect of operation has decreased. To trace even the more distant results proved to be complex. With thebeginning of economic reforms , to go on inspections of operated patientsbecame too expensive. So doctors have developed a questionnaire toassess the comparative quality of life. The results of these studies formedthe basis for the thesis of surgery clinic employee Lyubovi Chekhlovoy.She managed to prove that a large group of patients significantlyimproved during the operation of diabetes, including those in the distanttime frame. Quality of a life of the operated patients - ability to work,physical and social activity - was considerably above even through 10-14years after operation. Analysis at the same time showed that not allpatients then it was worthwhile to operate.“ Today we consider possibility of the revival of operations from strictmedical indications “ Professor Theodore Shraer comments on data.Moreover , in itself , heavy flow of patients with diabetic indications didnot existed , as we assumed at the beginning ( in the mid-1980s ).Surely , “our” those patients, in whom already for the second- third yearfrom the beginning of disease - has developed the complications and wholose the sensation of sugar, the feeling of either its high level or a sharpdecrease . Specifically, in this group , we obtained the best results.Kemerovo surgeons are ready to join with colleagues from other cities tofurther improve the method that would help tens of thousands of patients.
Excerpt from the article "
 An operation - according toGalperin
" appeared in the magazine " Science in theUSSR " issue no. 2 ( March-April )
The point is that in such cases one of the internal secretion glands, namely , the pancreas , ceases to produce insulin , an extremelyvital hormone for the organism . The lacking insulin is periodicallyintroduced into blood from outside , by injections .All the tissues of the organism are sensitive to insulin except thenerves and erythrocytes in which glucose is utilized in the absenceof insulin .Without insulin the liver , muscles and other tissues fail to absorbglucose coming to them from the blood , and glucose is a source of energy for a living cell . Just imagine a car at an crude oil well .There is plenty of fuel around , but there is nothing to fill the tank with , for crude oil is not yet gasoline .When the organism need energy - a signal is sent to the pancreas -
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