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The important thing in science is not so much to obtain new facts as to discover new ways of thinking about them.~William Lawrence Bra 
Periodic Table Simulator
Introduction
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleevorganized the known elements,and predicted some unknownelements, by grouping accordingto similar properties.
We’ll simulate the methods Mendeleev used to makethe modern periodic table. First, we’ll organizeplaying cards by suit order (hearts, spades, diamonds)and numerical value (aces low to kings high). Separatecard group #1 from your stack of playing cards. The big green number 1 on the back indicates the card belongs to group #1. Group cards in a rectangular pattern by suit and numerical value. Compare your results to your neighbor’s. Make atable in your lab journal tosummarize your results.
Fall 2009How Mendeleev Did It.
More inside!
In the first part of the activity,you will group playing cards bytheir “properties,” that is by suitand rank. In the second part of the activity, you will groupelements by chemical propertiesand atomic weight. Finally,you will graph selected periodictrends.
Summary
 
 
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Find group #2 and arrange the cards in the samemanner. Do you notice a gap? Predict the value andsuit of the missing card. Once you make your prediction, remove the missing card from the envelopemarked “Undiscovered Elements.” Did your prediction match the unknown card? Make a table inyour lab journal to summarize your results.On to card group #3! Repeat the ordering sequenceyou used for groups #1 and #2. Again, look for patterns and gaps. Identify where in your table amissing element should appear. Predict its properties(suit and value). Record your predictions and find themissing card in the Undiscovered Elements envelope.Make a table in your lab journal to summarize your results.Based on what you know about Mendeleev’s work,what are the connections between what you did withthe playing cards and what Mendeleev did whenmaking his periodic table? Discuss with you labpartners and write a brief statement comparing the cardactivity with Mendeleev’s work.
Graphing Periodic Trends
Use internet resources to find theatomic radius, electronegativity andfirst ionization energy for elements 1-56.Create a spreadsheet with atomicnumber, element name, elementsymbol and the properties listed above.Use your spreadsheet to create threegraphs showing the relationship between:Atomic radius and atomic number First ionization energy and atomicnumber Electronegativity and atomic number.Look for patterns. How can you usethe periodic table to predict properties?
The Tellurium Dilemma
When Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic weight, he found that tellurium andiodine ended up in the wrong groups. Iodine (atomicweight = 126.9 AMU) would be placed before tellurium(atomic weight = 127.6 AMU). However, the chemicaland physical properties of iodine matched the properties of fluorine, chlorine and bromine. So Mendeleev decided toplace iodine with the other halogens, rather than with theoxygen group. It turned out to be the correct grouping, because Moseley re-ordered the periodic table by atomicnumber several years later.
 
 
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Create your own periodic table!
Get the element cards. They’re the smaller cards withthe names and symbols of the elements on them.Find the oxygen combination ratio on one of thecards. You should see something like 2:3 or 1:2.Group the cards by oxygen combination ratio—thatis, get all the 2:3 elements in the same pile, all the 2:7elements in the same pile, and so on. Once you havethe cards grouped by oxygen combination ratio,arrange each element in the group in order of increasing atomic weight, lightest on top and heavieston bottom. Repeat for each oxygen combinationgroup.With each group in a stack (lightest element on top),arrange the stacks in order of increasing atomicweight, lightest on the left to heaviest on the right.Expand the ranked groups into a rectangular table.Leave spaces in the table as needed to maintain thesequence of increasing atomic weight.What do the gaps represent? Make predictions aboutthe properties of the missing elements. Write your predictions in your lab journal, and “discover” themissing elements. How close were your predictions?
 Julius Lothar Meyer
Mendeleev published his periodic table of all knownelements in 1870. Working completelyindependently, a few months later, Meyer publisheda revised and expanded version of his 1864 table,virtually identical to that published by Mendeleev,and a paper showing graphically the periodicity of the elements as a function of atomic weight.Meyer’s and Mendeleev’s work , and the followingsupporting evidence from other researchers led tothe development of modern periodic law.Mendeleev predicted the existenceof several undiscovered elements.“Eka-silicon” was discovered in1886 by Winkler. The propertiespredicted by Mendeleev match theactual properties closely.
1.2.3.
When arranged by atomic number,the tellurium-iodine problem wasresolved.The periodic table was developed bygrouping elements by physicalproperties. It also shows grouping by valence electron configuration.
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